Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 305 views

    Settlement of Shallow Foundations

    Uploaded by

    Snow Yoshima
    The document summarizes key aspects of shallow foundation settlement, including: - Immediate/elastic settlement occurs during or shortly after construction in undrained conditions. - Consolidation settlement occurs over the long-term as soil permeability allows drainage. - Creep settlement also occurs long-term after primary consolidation finishes. - Equations from elasticity theory and consolidation theory can be used to calculate total settlement. - Factors like soil type, pressure, depth, stiffness affect settlement calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Settlement of Shallow Foundations

    Uploaded by

    Snow Yoshima
    305 views16 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of shallow foundation settlement, including: - Immediate/elastic settlement occurs during or shortly after construction in undrained conditions. - Consolidation settlement occurs over the long-term as soil permeability allows drainage. - Creep settlement also occurs long-term after primary consolidation finishes. - Equations from elasticity theory and consolidation theory can be used to calculate total settlement. - Factors like soil type, pressure, depth, stiffness affect settlement calculations.

    Original Description:

    settlement caused by foundation loads

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document summarizes key aspects of shallow foundation settlement, including: - Immediate/elastic settlement occurs during or shortly after construction in undrained conditions. - Consolidation settlement occurs over the long-term as soil permeability allows drainage. - Creep settlement also occurs long-term after primary consolidation finishes. - Equations from elasticity theory and consolidation theory can be used to calculate total settlement. - Factors like soil type, pressure, depth, stiffness affect settlement calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    305 views16 pages

    Settlement of Shallow Foundations

    Uploaded by

    Snow Yoshima
    The document summarizes key aspects of shallow foundation settlement, including: - Immediate/elastic settlement occurs during or shortly after construction in undrained conditions. - Consolidation settlement occurs over the long-term as soil permeability allows drainage. - Creep settlement also occurs long-term after primary consolidation finishes. - Equations from elasticity theory and consolidation theory can be used to calculate total settlement. - Factors like soil type, pressure, depth, stiffness affect settlement calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Settlement of Shallow

    Foundations
    CIVL 451 – Foundation Engineering –
    Classroom Notes
    Allowable Bearing Pressure and
    Settlement
    • It was previously discussed that the allowable bearing
    pressure is defined as a function of the; ultimate bearing
    capacity, allowable settlement and differential settlement
    between individual foundations.

    • The allowable bearing pressure qall will be the smaller bearing


    pressure obtained by considering the above, and it should be
    equal to or greater than the applied foundation pressure.
    Foundation Settlement
    • Settlement of foundations is assessed by considering the
    following;
    – For cohesive soils;
    Total settlement = undrained, elastic or immediate settlement +
    consolidation settlement +
    creep settlement
    • Undrained, elastic or immediate settlement is considered to
    take place during construction or within a reasonably short
    time period after construction. It is considered to take place in
    undrained state and under constant volume due to
    distortional strains within the ground.
    Foundation Settlement
    • Consolidation Settlement or Primary Consolidation is time
    dependent and occurs over a considerably long time period
    during the design life of the structure. The time rate of
    consolidation depends on the permeability of the ground the
    drainage conditions.

    • The Creep settlement is also time dependent and it is


    considered to commence after completion of the primary
    consolidation. Some references also define this component of
    the settlement as Secondary compression or Secondary
    consolidation.
    Foundation Settlement
    • Elasticity settlement can be calculated using theory of elasticity as
    in the following equation, A1 and A2 coefficients of which are
    developed by Christian and Carrier (1978);

    where;
    q0: aoolied pressure at foundation base,
    B: foundation width.
    Df: foundation depth,
    H: the vertical distance between hard stratum and the base of the
    foundation.
    Es: Modulus of elasticity of the soil.
    Foundation Settlement
    • A1 and A2 can be determined from the following graphs;
    Foundation Settlement
    • The modulus of
    elasticity Es can be
    obtained using
    correlations;

    • As the Es may vary with depth, Bowles (1987) recommends that a


    weighted average value can be used in the calculations such that;
    Foundation Settlement
    • The Primary Settlement can be determined considering one-
    dimensional consolidation theory;
    Foundation Settlement
    • The Primary Settlement can also be determined using
    coefficient of volume compressibility, Mv;
    Foundation Settlement
    • Secondary compression or creep settlement can be calculated using the
    creep coefficient;
    Foundation Settlement
    - For cohesionless soils;
    Total settlement = immediate settlement + creep settlement

    • There are several methods used for the calculation of


    settlement of shallow foundations on granular soil. Influence
    factor method by Schmertmann (1973) is used commonly;
    Exercises
    • Ex. A foundation 4m x 2m carries a uniform pressure of 200kPa at a depth
    of 1m in a layer of saturated clay 11m deep and underlain by a hard
    stratum. If undrained elastic modulus, Es for the clay is 45MPa, determine
    the average value of immediate settlement under the foundation.
    • Ex. A foundation 4m x 2m, carrying a uniform pressure of 150kPa, is
    located at a depth of 1m in a layer of clay 5m thick for which the value of
    Es is 40MPa. The layer is underlain by a second layer of clay 8m thick for
    which Es is 75MPa. A hard stratum lies below the second layer. Determine
    the average immediate settlement under the foundation.
    • Ex.
    References
    • B. M. Das, Principles of foundation
    engineering.
    • R. F. Craig, Soil Mechanics.

    You might also like