Scribd
Upload
41 views11 pages

11.4 Criteria For Failure: - Brittle Materials - Ductile Materials - Fatigue Failure

1) The document discusses different failure criteria for materials including brittle fracture, ductile yielding, and fatigue failure. It notes that equations derived may not apply to fatigue failure due to stress concentrations. 2) It provides an example problem calculating stress components in a thick-wall cylinder under internal pressure and applies the von Mises yield criterion with a factor of safety to determine the minimum yield stress of the steel. 3) It discusses how thick structures can be inefficient and waste material, and how residual stresses or autofrettage processes can be used to induce favorable stress distributions that improve strength.

Uploaded by

kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views11 pages

11.4 Criteria For Failure: - Brittle Materials - Ductile Materials - Fatigue Failure

1) The document discusses different failure criteria for materials including brittle fracture, ductile yielding, and fatigue failure. It notes that equations derived may not apply to fatigue failure due to stress concentrations. 2) It provides an example problem calculating stress components in a thick-wall cylinder under internal pressure and applies the von Mises yield criterion with a factor of safety to determine the minimum yield stress of the steel. 3) It discusses how thick structures can be inefficient and waste material, and how residual stresses or autofrettage processes can be used to induce favorable stress distributions that improve strength.

Uploaded by

kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

11.

4 Criteria for failure


• Brittle materials
– Maximum principal stress or Coulomb Mohr
• Ductile materials
– Tresca or Von Mises
• Fatigue failure
– Cannot use equations we derived because of
stress concentrations
• Can improve strength through residual
stresses
Example 11.1 (reminder)
• A thick-wall cylinder is made of steel (E = 200 GPa and v = 0.29), has an
inside diameter of 20mm, and has an outside diameter of 100mm. The
cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure of 300 MPa. Determine the
stress components σ rr and σ θθ at r = a = 10mm, r = 25mm, and r = b =
50mm.
• The external pressure p2 = 0. Equations 11.20 and 11.21 simplify to
a 2 (r 2 − b 2) a 2 (r 2 + b 2 )
σ rr = p1 2 2 2 , σ θθ = p1 2 2
r (b − a ) r (b − a 2 )
Substitution of values for r equal to 10mm, 25mm, and 50mm, respectively,
into these equations yields the following results:
Stress r = 10 mm r = 25 mm r = 50 mm

σ rr -300.0 MPa -37.5 MPa 0.0

σ θθ 325.0 MPa 62.5 MPa 25.0 MPa


Example 11.4
Cylinder in Example 11.1 is made of ductile steel governed by
octahedral shear-stress yield criterion (Von Mises). Determine the
minimum yield stress for the steel for a factor of safety of SF = 1.75
Solution: With a factor of safety of SF = 1.75 must increase internal
pressure is increased to 1.75x300 = 525 MPa.

The octahedral shear stress in the cylinder is (why?)


1 1
τ oct = (σ 1 − σ 2 ) + (σ 1 − σ 3 ) + (σ 2 − σ 3 ) = (σ θθ − σ rr ) + (σ rr − σ zz ) + (σ zz − σ θθ )
2 2 2 2 2

3 3

1 2Y
τ oct = (Y − 0 ) + ( 0 − 0 ) + ( 0 − Y )
2 2 2
In axial test =
3 3
σ zz

Using stress components from 11.1


σ rr = −1.75(300) = −525 MPa σ θθ= 1.75(325) = 568.8 MPa
1
( 568.8 + 525 ) + ( 525 ) + ( 568.8) = 947.5 MPa
2 2 2
Y=
2
=1.804p
Are we wasting material?
• Thick cylinders present a tough problem
• A lot of material is not fully utilized

Stress distributions in a closed cylinder at


initiation of yielding (b = 2a). Internal pressure
Easier to deal with thin structures
• For beams can change section properties
• For plates and shells can increase
thickness
• For very thick structures we do not have
such option
• What is the solution in biological
structures?
• Residal stresses can help
Ideal residual stress distributions
• Example: Forming cylinders out of two
parts with internal cylinder slightly too
large
Ductile material
Autofrettage
• Can also induce favorable residual stress
distributions by inelastic deformation
• Increase internal pressure beyond initial
yield
• Fully plastic pressure for elastic-perfectly
plastic material is called fully plastic
pressure (pP)
• Need to assume failure criterion to obtain
it
Fully plastic pressure for Tresca
condition
• If σ zz is the intermediate principal stress (why?)
σ rr < σ zz < σ θθ
σ θθ − σ rr = 2τ Y

• Substituting in the equation of equilibrium,


2τ Y
dσ rr = dr
r
• Integration yields
σ rr = 2τ Y ln r + C
• Boundary condition σ rr = − p2 when r = b
b
σ rr = −2τ Y ln − p2
r
From boundary conditions
• Internal Pressure is p1 = pP = −σ rr at r = a
b
pP = 2τ Y ln + p2
a
⎛ b⎞
σ θθ = 2τ y ⎜1 − ln ⎟ − p2
⎝ r⎠
• For zero internal pressure pP 2b 2 b
= 2 ln
pY b − a 2
a

• For the 11.1 example b/a=5,

pP
= 3.35
pY
Reading assignment
Sections 12.1-2: Question: Structurally, what is a column?

Source: www.library.veryhelpful.co.uk/ Page11.htm

You might also like