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    11.4 Criteria For Failure: - Brittle Materials - Ductile Materials - Fatigue Failure

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    kaur
    1) The document discusses different failure criteria for materials including brittle fracture, ductile yielding, and fatigue failure. It notes that equations derived may not apply to fatigue failure due to stress concentrations. 2) It provides an example problem calculating stress components in a thick-wall cylinder under internal pressure and applies the von Mises yield criterion with a factor of safety to determine the minimum yield stress of the steel. 3) It discusses how thick structures can be inefficient and waste material, and how residual stresses or autofrettage processes can be used to induce favorable stress distributions that improve strength.

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    11.4 Criteria For Failure: - Brittle Materials - Ductile Materials - Fatigue Failure

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    kaur
    29 views11 pages
    1) The document discusses different failure criteria for materials including brittle fracture, ductile yielding, and fatigue failure. It notes that equations derived may not apply to fatigue failure due to stress concentrations. 2) It provides an example problem calculating stress components in a thick-wall cylinder under internal pressure and applies the von Mises yield criterion with a factor of safety to determine the minimum yield stress of the steel. 3) It discusses how thick structures can be inefficient and waste material, and how residual stresses or autofrettage processes can be used to induce favorable stress distributions that improve strength.

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    Sections11.4-5

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    1) The document discusses different failure criteria for materials including brittle fracture, ductile yielding, and fatigue failure. It notes that equations derived may not apply to fatigue failure due to stress concentrations. 2) It provides an example problem calculating stress components in a thick-wall cylinder under internal pressure and applies the von Mises yield criterion with a factor of safety to determine the minimum yield stress of the steel. 3) It discusses how thick structures can be inefficient and waste material, and how residual stresses or autofrettage processes can be used to induce favorable stress distributions that improve strength.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views11 pages

    11.4 Criteria For Failure: - Brittle Materials - Ductile Materials - Fatigue Failure

    Uploaded by

    kaur
    1) The document discusses different failure criteria for materials including brittle fracture, ductile yielding, and fatigue failure. It notes that equations derived may not apply to fatigue failure due to stress concentrations. 2) It provides an example problem calculating stress components in a thick-wall cylinder under internal pressure and applies the von Mises yield criterion with a factor of safety to determine the minimum yield stress of the steel. 3) It discusses how thick structures can be inefficient and waste material, and how residual stresses or autofrettage processes can be used to induce favorable stress distributions that improve strength.

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    You are on page 1of 11

    11.

    4 Criteria for failure


    • Brittle materials
    – Maximum principal stress or Coulomb Mohr
    • Ductile materials
    – Tresca or Von Mises
    • Fatigue failure
    – Cannot use equations we derived because of
    stress concentrations
    • Can improve strength through residual
    stresses
    Example 11.1 (reminder)
    • A thick-wall cylinder is made of steel (E = 200 GPa and v = 0.29), has an
    inside diameter of 20mm, and has an outside diameter of 100mm. The
    cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure of 300 MPa. Determine the
    stress components σ rr and σ θθ at r = a = 10mm, r = 25mm, and r = b =
    50mm.
    • The external pressure p2 = 0. Equations 11.20 and 11.21 simplify to
    a 2 (r 2 − b 2) a 2 (r 2 + b 2 )
    σ rr = p1 2 2 2 , σ θθ = p1 2 2
    r (b − a ) r (b − a 2 )
    Substitution of values for r equal to 10mm, 25mm, and 50mm, respectively,
    into these equations yields the following results:
    Stress r = 10 mm r = 25 mm r = 50 mm

    σ rr -300.0 MPa -37.5 MPa 0.0

    σ θθ 325.0 MPa 62.5 MPa 25.0 MPa


    Example 11.4
    Cylinder in Example 11.1 is made of ductile steel governed by
    octahedral shear-stress yield criterion (Von Mises). Determine the
    minimum yield stress for the steel for a factor of safety of SF = 1.75
    Solution: With a factor of safety of SF = 1.75 must increase internal
    pressure is increased to 1.75x300 = 525 MPa.

    The octahedral shear stress in the cylinder is (why?)


    1 1
    τ oct = (σ 1 − σ 2 ) + (σ 1 − σ 3 ) + (σ 2 − σ 3 ) = (σ θθ − σ rr ) + (σ rr − σ zz ) + (σ zz − σ θθ )
    2 2 2 2 2

    3 3

    1 2Y
    τ oct = (Y − 0 ) + ( 0 − 0 ) + ( 0 − Y )
    2 2 2
    In axial test =
    3 3
    σ zz

    Using stress components from 11.1


    σ rr = −1.75(300) = −525 MPa σ θθ= 1.75(325) = 568.8 MPa
    1
    ( 568.8 + 525 ) + ( 525 ) + ( 568.8) = 947.5 MPa
    2 2 2
    Y=
    2
    =1.804p
    Are we wasting material?
    • Thick cylinders present a tough problem
    • A lot of material is not fully utilized

    Stress distributions in a closed cylinder at


    initiation of yielding (b = 2a). Internal pressure
    Easier to deal with thin structures
    • For beams can change section properties
    • For plates and shells can increase
    thickness
    • For very thick structures we do not have
    such option
    • What is the solution in biological
    structures?
    • Residal stresses can help
    Ideal residual stress distributions
    • Example: Forming cylinders out of two
    parts with internal cylinder slightly too
    large
    Ductile material
    Autofrettage
    • Can also induce favorable residual stress
    distributions by inelastic deformation
    • Increase internal pressure beyond initial
    yield
    • Fully plastic pressure for elastic-perfectly
    plastic material is called fully plastic
    pressure (pP)
    • Need to assume failure criterion to obtain
    it
    Fully plastic pressure for Tresca
    condition
    • If σ zz is the intermediate principal stress (why?)
    σ rr < σ zz < σ θθ
    σ θθ − σ rr = 2τ Y

    • Substituting in the equation of equilibrium,


    2τ Y
    dσ rr = dr
    r
    • Integration yields
    σ rr = 2τ Y ln r + C
    • Boundary condition σ rr = − p2 when r = b
    b
    σ rr = −2τ Y ln − p2
    r
    From boundary conditions
    • Internal Pressure is p1 = pP = −σ rr at r = a
    b
    pP = 2τ Y ln + p2
    a
    ⎛ b⎞
    σ θθ = 2τ y ⎜1 − ln ⎟ − p2
    ⎝ r⎠
    • For zero internal pressure pP 2b 2 b
    = 2 ln
    pY b − a 2
    a

    • For the 11.1 example b/a=5,

    pP
    = 3.35
    pY
    Reading assignment
    Sections 12.1-2: Question: Structurally, what is a column?

    Source: www.library.veryhelpful.co.uk/ Page11.htm

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