Developed by Dr. Rusinov, A and Dr.

Kovalyuk, A

Required Formulas

Number Line: Sign Numbers:

Remember that if you have problem like - 2 – 1 you start from – 2 and
move 1 distance to the left. (+)×(+) = (+) (-)×(-) = (+) (+)×(-) = (-) (-)×(+) = (-)

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 2×3=6 (-2) × (-3) = 6 2 × (-3) = -6 (-2) × 3 = -6

Arithmetic: a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0, d ≠ 0
Slope Formula Linear Equation
Unlike Denominators: Like Denominators: Multiplication: Division: 𝐲𝟐 −𝐲𝟏
m= y = mx + b
𝐱𝟐 − 𝐱𝟏
𝐚 𝐜 𝐚𝐝 ±𝐜𝐛 𝐚 𝐜 𝐚+𝐜 𝐚 𝐜 𝐚×𝐜 𝐚 𝐜 𝐚×𝐝
± = ± = × = ÷ =
𝐛 𝐝 𝐛𝐝 𝐛 𝐛 𝐛 𝐛 𝐝 𝐛×𝐝 𝐛 𝐝 𝐛×𝐜
y - 𝒚𝟏 = m ×(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )
∁
𝜋 = = 3.14159265358970.., e = 2.718281828459...
𝑑

Exponent Rules: Quadratic Formula:

𝐚𝐛 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂
𝐚𝐛 × 𝐚𝐜 = 𝐚𝐛+𝐜 = 𝐚𝐛−𝐜 (𝐚𝐛 )𝐜 = 𝐚𝐛×𝐜 𝐚𝟎 = 1 𝐚−𝟏 = 𝐚−𝐛 = - undefined ax2 + bx + c = 0
𝐚𝐜 𝐚 𝐚𝐛 𝟎

−𝐛±ඥ𝐛 𝟐 −𝟒 𝐚 𝐜
x1,2 =
𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝐚
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐+𝟑
𝐚 ×𝐚 = 𝐚 = 𝐚𝟓 𝟑 = 𝐚 𝟐−𝟑
= 𝐚 −𝟏
(𝐚 ) = 𝐚𝟐 𝟑 𝟐×𝟑
=𝐚 𝟔
𝟐 =1𝟎
𝟐 −𝟏
= 𝟐−𝟑
= = (x - 𝐱𝟏 )×(x - 𝐱𝟐 ) = 0
𝐚 𝟐 𝟐𝟑 𝟖

Trigonometric Functions Trigonometric Functions

𝒃
A sin A =
𝒄
𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐

a c cos A =
𝒂
c – hypotenuse
𝒄

𝒃
tan A = a &b - legs
𝒂

C b B 𝒂 𝒄 𝒄
cot A = , sec A = , cosec A =
𝒃 𝒃 𝒂

sin A cos A tan A cot A sec A cosec A

A
0 0 1 0 ∞ 1 ∞
30 1/2 √3/2 √3/3 √3 2√3/3 2
45 √2/2 √2/2 1 1 √2 √2 Special Right Triangles
90 – 45 - 45 90 – 60 - 30
60 √3/2 1/2 √3 √3/3 2 2√3/3
90 1 0 ∞ 0 ∞ 1
Developed by Dr. Rusinov, A and Dr. Kovalyuk, A

Opposite Numbers Absolute Value

Definition of Absolute Value
Definition of Opposite Numbers  Absolute Value of a number is its distance from zero on the number line.
 Two numbers that have the same magnitude but are opposite in The absolute value of a number n is denoted by |n|.
signs are called Opposite Numbers. More about Absolute Value
More about Opposite Numbers  Absolute value function is a piecewise function and is written as f (x) = |x|,
 When opposite numbers are added, it gives zero. where f(x) ≥ 0 for all values of x. This means that f (x) = - x for x < 0="" or
 To get the opposite of a number, change the sign. ="">f (x) = x for x ≥ 0.
 The absolute values of opposite numbers are the same.  Absolute Value Inequalities:
 The opposite numbers are equidistant from 0 on a number line. For all real numbers x and y, y > 0,
Examples of Opposite Numbers 1. if |x| < y, ="" then="" –="">y < x="">< y;="">
+ 25 and – 25 are the opposite numbers. 2. if |x| > y, then x > y or x < -="">
- 8 is the opposite number of + 8.  Absolute Value Equation:
Solved Example on Opposite Numbers It is an equation of the form |ax + b| = c.
Identify the opposite of 6 and represent it on a number line.
Examples of Absolute Value
 Absolute Value: The absolute value of – 5 is 5, because – 5 is 5 units away
from zero on the number line.
 The absolute value of 6 is 6, because 6 is 6 units away from zero on the
number line.
 Absolute Value Function: y = |x| + 3
 Absolute Value Inequalities: |m| > 5
 Absolute Value Equation: |x - 3| = 6

Reciprocal
Definition of Reciprocal Classification of triangles by sides Vertical and Horizontal
 If the product of two numbers Asymptotes
is 1, then the two numbers are
said to be reciprocals of each
other. Scalene
Equilateral Isosceles
 In other words, a reciprocal is
the multiplicative inverse of a
number.
1
 The reciprocal of ‘a’ is .
𝑎
Examples of Reciprocal
1
 Consider 9 × = 1.
9
1
9 is the reciprocal of Order Of Operations:
9
1 1. do everything inside
is the reciprocal of 9.
9 parentheses first
The following are few examples of
2. then do exponents
reciprocals.
1 3 sides equal 2 sides equal No sides equal 3. then do multiplies and divides
 3.2,
3.2
1
from left to right
 ξ6, 4. do the adds and subtracts
ξ6
from left to right

Classification of angles Classification of triangles by angles

Right Acute Obtuse

Equiangular

All 3 angles One angle

One angle exactly 90°l 3 angles equal
less than 90° more than 90°

References:

Opposite Numbers, Absolute Value, Reciprocal : http://www.icoachmath.com/math_dictionary/Absolute_Value.html