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Decisions: October 4, 2017

This document discusses decision making statements in C++ like if, if/else, and switch statements. It provides syntax examples and flowcharts to illustrate the logic flow. Programming exercises with sample code are given to practice comparing numbers, sorting strings, and other tasks using conditional logic. Common errors like extra semicolons with if/else statements are also outlined.

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muhammadriz
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15 views20 pages

Decisions: October 4, 2017

This document discusses decision making statements in C++ like if, if/else, and switch statements. It provides syntax examples and flowcharts to illustrate the logic flow. Programming exercises with sample code are given to practice comparing numbers, sorting strings, and other tasks using conditional logic. Common errors like extra semicolons with if/else statements are also outlined.

Uploaded by

muhammadriz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Decisions

October 4, 2017

0 of 17
The if Statement

Syntax
if(condition)
statement 1;

Syntax
if(condition)
{
statement 1;
statement 2;
...
statement n;
}

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if - Example

Example 1
Run the following example Ch03 E1.cpp
Try different inputs (e.g. 130, 85, 120)

2 of 17
The if/else Statement

Syntax
if(condition)
statement 1;
else
statement 2;

3 of 17
if/else - Example

Example 2
Run the following example Ch03 E2.cpp
Try different inputs (e.g. 130, 85, 120)

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Comparison - if vs. if/else

Question
Do you observe any difference in the output of Example 1 and
Example 2?

5 of 17
Relational Operators

Description Math Notation C++ Operator


Greater than > >
Less than < <
Greater than or equal ≥ >=
Less than or equal ≤ <=
Equal = ==
Not Equal 6= !=

6 of 17
Boolean Operators

Description C++ Operator


AND &&
OR ||

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Example

Example 3
Write a program that reads in car type and car speed from the
user and display on the screen whether the car is exceeding
speed limit or car is under the speed limit. There are two
categories for car type: LTV and HTV. The speed limit for
LTV and HTV is 120 and 110 respectively.

Code
See example Ch03 E3.cpp and go through the code.

8 of 17
Flowcharts

Condition
if Statement
if(Condition) TRUE
FALSE
Statement 1;
Statement 2; Statement 1

Statement 2

9 of 17
Flowcharts

Condition
if-else Statement
if(Condition) FALSE
TRUE
Statement 1;
else Statement 1 Statement 2
Statement 2;
Statement 3;
Statement 3

10 of 17
Flowcharts

if-else-if Statement TRUE


Condition 1 Statement 1
if(Condition 1)
Statement 1; FALSE
else if(Condition 2) TRUE
Condition 2 Statement 2
Statement 2;
else
FALSE
Statement 3;
Statement 3

11 of 17
Flowcharts

switch Statement
switch (Condition)
{
Case 1:
Statement 1;
Draw flowchart for switch
break;
statement.
Case 2:
Statement 2;
break;
default:
Statement 3;
break;
}

12 of 17
Programming Exercise

Example 4 - Largest number


Write a program that reads in three floating-point numbers
and prints the largest of the three inputs.

Sample output
Please enter three numbers: 11 3.7 2
The largest number is 11

Code
See Ch03 E4.cpp

13 of 17
Programming Exercise

Example 5 - Smallest number


Write a program that reads in three floating-point numbers
and prints the smallest of the three inputs.

Sample output
Please enter three numbers: 11 3.7 2
The smallest number is 2

Code
See Ch03 E5.cpp

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Programming Exercise

Example 6 - Sorting strings alphabetically


Write a program that reads in three strings and sorts them
alphabetically.

Sample output
Please enter three strings: Chemistry Biology Physics
Biology
Chemistry
Physics

Code
See Ch03 E6.cpp

15 of 17
Programming Exercise
Example 7 - Integer to number of digits
Write a program that reads an integer and prints how many
digits the number has, by checking whether the number is 10,
100, and so on.
(Assume that all integers are less than one million.)
If the number is negative, first multiply it with –1.

Sample output
Enter an integer: 100
Digits = 3

Code
See Ch03 E7.cpp

16 of 17
Programming Exercise

Example 8 - Number of days in the month conversion


Write a program that asks the user to enter a month (1 for
January, 2 for February, and so on) and then prints the
number of days in the month.
(For February, print 28 days.)

Sample output
Enter a month: 3
31 Days

Code
See Ch03 E8.cpp

17 of 17
Common Errors - The if statement
A semicolon after the if statement
if (a == 1) ; // Error
{
cout<<"one";
}

A semicolon after the else statement


if (a == 1)
{
cout<<"one";
}
else ; // Error
{
cout<<"zero";
}
18 of 17
Common Errors - Relational operator

A semicolon after the if statement


if (a == 1) ; // Error
{
cout<<"one";
}

19 of 17

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