DESCRIBING CAUSE AND EFFECT SITUATIONS

CONDITIONAL 0

The zero conditional is used when the result will always happen, we want to talk about facts or things that are generally
true.

Scientific facts are often covered by the zero conditional: "When you heat ice, it melts."

We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main
clause'):

If + present simple, .... present simple.

EXAMPLE:
If she eatS too much, she getS fat

CONDITION RESULT

If you touch a fire, you get burned.

*You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.

RESULT CONDITION

The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning.

EXAMPLE:

"When John is out of the office, I take his calls."

"If John is out of the office, I take his calls."

SIMPLE PRESENT REVIEW

In affirmative sentences
HE add Examples:
SHE S,ES,IES he plays baseball every Sunday.
IT she dances salsa very well.

In negative sentences
HE add Examples:
SHE DOESN´T he DOESN´T play baseball every Sunday.
IT she DOESN´T dance salsa very well.

I In negative sentences Examples:

YOU add I DON’T go to the mall
WE DON’T
THEY

1
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future,
but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:

if + present simple, ... will / won’t + infinitive

EXAMPLES:
If it rains, I won't go to the park.
If I study today, I will go to the party tonight.

CONDITIONAL RESULT

If I have enough money, I will buy some new shoes.

*She will be late if the train is delayed.

RESULT CONDITIONAL

USES EXAMPLES
Promises If you don’t cry in the school, I will buy you
sweets
Threats/warnings If you leave now, we won´t see each other
again!
Offers I will pick you up if you want
Making deals If you do the dishes, I will sweep the floor
Logical consequences If you don’t turn down the music, neighbours
will get angry

2
 EXERCISE 1

LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND FILL IN THE GAPS USING VOCABULARY FROM THE BOX.

-recycling -the Earth -greenhouse gases - planet - species

- stronger -hurricanes -the biggest - weather -melting

CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change is one of the most worrying things for our _________. Many politicians and scientists say it is
___________________ danger we face. I read almost every day that climate change is changing ___________ forever.
Many _________ of animal, fish, insect, frog, etcetera are dying. The ice caps in the Arctic and Antarctica are_________.
Our _________ is changing so places are getting warmer, or colder, or are having more and _________ ______________.
We all need to do our bit so that climate change does not destroy us. It’s important to cut down on things that produce
________________. These warm the planet and change the climate. Doing simple things like turning off lights and
______________ paper all help.

TASK 2. USE THE PROMPTS TO MAKE UP SENTENCES WITH CONDITIONAL 0 OR 1 AND THE ACTIVE VOCABULARY AS
IN THE SENTENCES BELOW.

Example: If we don’t pollute rivers, fewer fish will die.

1. destroy rainforests - rare plants and animals survive ( first conditional)

_______________________________________________________________________________
2. protect wildlife- save endangered species ( first conditional)
________________________________________________________________________________
3. use only unleaded petrol – reduce air pollution (zero conditional)
________________________________________________________________________________
4. recycle paper, glass, cans – save important resources (zero conditional)
________________________________________________________________________________
5. drop litter on beaches – be clean and safe (first conditional)
________________________________________________________________________________

3
 EXERCISE 2
MAKE ZERO CONDITIONALS
For example:
Affirmative form: (He/ cook / he / burn the food) If he cooks, he burns the food.
Negative form: (not / rain / the flowers / die) If it doesn’t rain, the flowers die.

1. (I / wake up late / I / be late for work)

_______________________________________________________________
2. (Julie / not wear a hat / she / get sunstroke)
_______________________________________________________________
3. (children / not eat well / they / not be healthy)
_______________________________________________________________
4. (you / mix water and electricity / you / get a shock)
_______________________________________________________________
5. (people / eat / too many sweets / they / get fat)
_______________________________________________________________
6. (you / smoke / you / get yellow fingers)
_______________________________________________________________
7. (children / play outside / they / not get overweight)
_______________________________________________________________
8. (you / heat ice / it / melt)
_______________________________________________________________
9. (I / speak to John / he / get annoyed)
_______________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 3
ANSWER THE ZERO CONDITIONAL QUESTIONS BY CHOOSING THE CORRECT NUMBER FOR EACH ONE. JUST
WRITE THE CORRECT NUMBER IN EACH BOX.

What do you do if you get a headache?

What do you do if you get a toothache?

What do you do if you don't understand your English teacher?

What do you do if you don't want to do your English homework?

What does your teacher do if you talk in class?

What do you do if you oversleep?

What do you do if you have to prepare for a difficult exam?

What do you do if you feel hungry at night?

What do you do if there is nothing on TV?

What do you do if you cut yourself?

4
 What do you do if you receive bad service in a restaurant?

1. I ask him to speak more slowly

2. He tells me to shut up!
3. I make an appointment to see the dentist.
4. I beg my teacher to let me enter to the class.
5. I lock my door and study for a week.
6. I don't do anything, but I never return.
7. I remember how important it is to learn a foreign language!
8. I watch Netflix.
9. I eat something or have a glass of milk.
10. I put pressure on the area and then use a band-aid.
11. I take a pill.

EXERCISE 4
LISTEN TO THE FOLLOWING AUDIOS AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. THEN, IDENTIFY IF IT IS A ZERO
CONDITIONAL OR FIRST CONDITIONAL SENTENCE.

1.- What do you do when you have too much work?

______________________________________________________________________ type:____

2.- What will you do when you don´t understand the caller?
_______________________________________________________________________ type:___
3.- What do you do when you can´t sleep?
_______________________________________________________________________ type:___

4.- What will the kids do if they are not allowed to watch TV?
_______________________________________________________________________ type:___
5.- What will you do If you get lost?
_______________________________________________________________________ type:____

5
EXERCISE 5

6
EXERCISE 6

7
8
 EXERCISE 7
First Conditional Exercise

Put the verb into the correct first conditional form:

For example:
1. If I go (go) out tonight, I will go (go) to the cinema.

2. If you __________________ (come) back late, I __________________ (be) angry.

3. If we ___________ (not / see) each other tomorrow, we_________ (see) each other next week.
4. If he __________________ (come), I __________________ (be) surprised.
5. If we __________________ (wait) here, we __________________ (be) late.
6. If we_______ (go) on holiday this summer, we____________ (go) to Spain.
7. If the weather __________________ (not / improve), we_____________ (not / have) a picnic.
8. If I ___________ (not / go) to bed early, I ____________ (be) tired tomorrow.
9. If we __________________ (eat) all this cake, we ______________ (feel) sick.
10. If you __________________ (not / want) to go out, I _______________ (cook) dinner at home.
11. I __________________ (come) early if you __________________ (want).
12. They __________________ (go) to the party if they ________________ (be) invited.
13. She __________________ (stay) in London if she __________________ (get) a job.
14. He __________________ (not / get) a better job if he ______________(not / pass) that exam.
15. I _____________ (buy) a new dress if I ________________ (have) enough money.
16. She __________________ (cook) dinner if you __________________ (go) to the supermarket.
17. They __________________ (go) on holiday if they __________________ (have) time.
18. We __________________ (be) late if we __________________ (not / hurry).
19. She __________________ (take) a taxi if it __________________ (rain).
20. I __________________ (not / go) if you __________________ (not / come) with me.

9
 EXERCISE 8

Reading comprehension
THE ARTIC OCEAN’S ICE MELTING
Scientists have announced that the layer of ice covering the Arctic Ocean has shrunk to an
all-time low record. What's more, they say the ice could disappear altogether in future
summers. The area of ice recorded on August 26 covered just over four million square
kilometres, which is 70,000 square kilometres less than the previous low in 2007. Experts
said that record was a one-off and would not be repeated. However, conditions have
changed quickly. The USA's National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) said: "The ice cover
is now just so thin and weak in the springtime that large parts of it can't survive the melt
season…It's almost like parts of the Arctic have become a giant slushee at this time of year."
Sea ice in the Arctic Ocean grows in winter and partly melts in summer. The amount of sea ice melting in the summer has
greatly increased in the past few decades. Environmentalists attribute this to global warming. The NSIDC said the six lowest
periods of sea-ice cover have now occurred in the last six years. It said more melting means there is less ice to reflect the
sun's heat, which means the ocean gets warmer. This year's ice cover was fairly consistent with 2007 levels until July, after
which it started disappearing at a faster rate. Meteorologists say a strong storm in early August could have broken up the
thinner, weaker ice, making it melt faster.

1. TRUE / FALSE: Read the headline. Guess if a-h below are true (T) or false (F).

a. The article says ice in Antarctica has shrunk to an all-time low. T/F
b. The article says there may be no Arctic ice in the summer in future. T/F
c. In 2012, there was 70,000 sq. km less ice than the previous low. T/F
d. An expert compared the Arctic ice to a giant frozen soft drink. T/F
e. Most of the Arctic ice melts in the summer. T/F
f. The last six years have seen record falls in Arctic ice cover. T/F
g. The Arctic sea ice needs to absorb the sun's rays. T/F
h. A storm that hit the Arctic in early August made the ice stronger. T/F

2. ANSWER.
1. WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE ARTIC ICE CONTINUE MELTING?

10
 EXERCISE 9
First conditional - global warming
Write sentences using if.... , ... will...

The Earth gets warmer…

If the Earth gets warmer, the sea will get warmer

The sea gets warmer…

If the sea gets warmer,

The ice at the North and South poles melts…

If

Sea levels rise …

If

There are floods around the world …

If

Many people lose their homes…

If

And (your own example)

11
 EXERCISE 10

Reading comprehension

12
Protecting the environment is our own responsibility. What will you do to make our
planet a better place?

13
EXERCISE 11

14
15
 EXERCISE 12

Complete these conditional sentences with the verbs in the correct tense.
1. If she _________________(have) a free evening tomorrow, she ________________(take) you to the cinema. (FIRST
CONDITIONAL)
2. If you heat water to 100°c, it _______________ (boil) (ZERO CONDITIONAL)
3. She can help you if you ___________ (ask) her. (ZERO CONDITIONAL)
4. If you ______________(not water) plants regularly, they die. (ZERO CONDITIONAL)
5. If you walk ten miles with me, you _________________ (feel) tired. (FIRST CONDITIONAL)
6. I won’t go out if it __________________(not stop) raining. (FIRST CONDITIONAL)
7. If the temperature is lower than 0°c, water __________ (freeze). (ZERO CONDITIONAL)
8. If it …..............................(be) cold this evening, I ….....................................(stay) at home. (FIRST CONDITIONAL)
9. If you _______________ (study) hard, you _____________(be) a good student. (FIRST CONDITIONAL)
10. If you _______________ (mix) red and yellow, you ______________ (get) orange. (ZERO CONDITIONAL)

EXERCISE 13

LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION

Interviewer: Today, I'm interviewing nine-year-old Alex about her feelings on how people can help save the
environment. So, Alex, how can we save the environment?
Alex: By saving water.
Interviewer: Well, how can we do that?
Alex: By not using too much water when we wash dishes, take a bath, and when we do other things, like
watering the plants outside.
Interviewer: Oh, I think I can do that. What else?
Alex: When drinking or eating something outside, you should keep the garbage until you find a trashcan to put
it in because littering makes our planet dirty. Do you like seeing trash all over the ground?
Interviewer: No, I don't. Do you have any final suggestions?
Alex: Yes. We shouldn't waste paper because trees are being cut down to make the paper. By recycling paper,
we save the forests where animals live.
Interviewer: So, how can children recycle paper, I mean, everyday?

16
Alex: Well, for example, when I was in kindergarten, I used to save the newspapers so that I could make things
make out of them, like paper trees, instead of just throwing them away. Now, the children in our
neighbourhood collect newspapers once a month to take them to a recycling centre.
Interviewer: That's great. Well thanks Alex for your ideas.

TASK : Now, in pairs create your own dialogue regarding “ how can we save the environment?”. Write it in
your notebook.

EXERCISE 14
Zero Conditional Guessing Game
A. Make true sentences about your normal reaction to the situations below, e.g. If I wake
up late, I usually hurry to get ready.
If any of the sentences are things you never do, you can leave them blank.
1. If / When I wake up late, _______________________________________________________
2. If / When I feel depressed, ______________________________________________________
3. If / When I have a difficult personal problem, _______________________________________
4. If / When my parents ask me to do something I don’t want to, _________________________
5. If / When I want to know the latest gossip, _________________________________________
6. If / When my brother or sister says something I don’t like,_____________________________
7. If / When something in my house doesn’t work, ____________________________________
8. If / When I get a headache, ______________________________________________________
9. If / When I go on holiday, _______________________________________________________
10. If / When I wake up early, ______________________________________________________
11. If / When I feel bored, _________________________________________________________
12. If / When I feel energetic, ______________________________________________________
13. If / When I feel stressed, _______________________________________________________
14. If / When I accidentally break something, ________________________________________

B. In pairs, take it in turns to choose a sentence and then read only the part you have
written. Your partner must try to guess which sentence it comes from.

Example:
Student A: I go to see my friend.
17
Student B: I think that when you want to know the latest gossip, you go to see your friend.
Student A: No, I don’t.
Student B: Hmm. If you feel stressed, you go to see your friend.
Student A: Maybe that’s true, but this sentence is different.
Student B: Aha, I know! If you have a difficult personal problem, you go to see your friend.
Student A: That’s right!
Continue until you have completed all of the sentences.

EXERCISE 15
HOW TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT

Task 1. Read the information in the table.

A lot of people feel that pollution has become one of the biggest problems in the world today. People do a lot of things
to harm the environment. But still, people can do a lot to become friendly to the environment.

PROBLEMS: SOLUTIONS:
Pure drinking water is a problem in many - We can save water. For example, we can save water from our baths
parts of the world. and use it for the garden. So we save many liters of water every day,
especially in summer.
- We can stop losing water because of leaking pipes. We can save water
by repairing pipes.
We pollute the water and the ground with - Governments can help by passing laws to stop factories from wasting
toxic waste that comes from factories and and polluting water.
with acid rain which kills trees, fish and - Factories should recycle water and stop pouring chemicals into our
animals. lakes and rivers.
- We can say “No” to plastic bags in shops, and take our own shopping
bags.
We pollute the air with cars and factories: gas - We could use our cars less and walk, cycle or use public transport more,
fumes come from cars and smoke comes whenever we can.
from factory chimneys. - We can also use the sort of petrol which keeps the air cleaner, that is
the unleaded petrol.
- Factories could clean their smoke.
We poison the environment, using chemicals We should only buy washing-up liquid and washing powder that do not
to spray fields and gardens to kill insects and harm the environment.
weeds, or using detergents.
The main reason for pollution is waste – that - We should throw things away but collect different kinds of waste:
are things which we use at home and then bottles, cans, paper and take them to places where they can be recycled.
throw away. - We can reduce waste by reusing things, for example, we can write notes
on the backs of old papers, letters, cards, etc., GIVE THINGS AWAY –
DON’T THROW THEM AWAY!
- DON’T WASTE food, water, energy, materials. Use everything sensibly
and carefully.

18
Forests are part of our environment. By We can help by re-using paper when it is possible.
cutting down trees we harm the Buy only recycled paper products, that is, buy products with the
environment. When the forest is destroyed, it “Recycled” sign on it. They are a bit more expensive and not as white, but
isn’t only the trees that are lost, the homes of you help your planet by doing this. Encourage other people to buy only
millions of animals and plants are destroyed recycled paper!
too. Many kinds of species are in danger. Have you ever planted a tree?
Educate other people about the danger of forest fires.

19
 VOCABULARY

1. Tree Árbol 28. Reuse Reusar

2. Forest Bosque 29. Recycle Reciclar
3. Rainforest Bosque tropical 30. Atmosphere Atmósfera
4. Hurricane Huracan 31. The Earth La Tierra
5. Tornado Tornado 32. Pollution Contaminanción
6. Tsunami Tsumani 33. Government Gobierno
7. Volcanic Eruption Erupción 34. Carbon Dioxide Dióxido de
Volcánica Carbono
8. Acid Rain Lluvia Ácida 35. Electricity Electricidad
9. Earthquake Terremoto 36. Habitat Hábitat
10. Forest Fire Incendio Forestal 37. Fumes Vapores
11. Flood Inundación 38. To save Ahorrar
12. Drought Sequía 39. Oil spill Derrame de
petróleo
13. Leaking pipes Tuberias con
40. Increase Incrementar
fugas
14. Avalanche Avalancha 41. Decrease Reducer
15. Landslide/mudslide Deslizamiento de 42. Throw away Tirar
tierra
43. Turn off Apagar
16. Smog Niebla tóxica
44. Drop Tirar
17. Waste Desperdicio
45. Litter/garbage/ trash Basura
18. Hunting Cazería
46. Rise elevar
19. Logging Tala de árboles 47. Harm the Environment Dañar el medio
ambiente
20. Air pollution Contaminación
48. Ozone Layer Capa de ozono
del aire
49. Animal Abuse Maltrato animal
21. Smoke Humo
50. Melt Derretir
22. Endanger species Especies en 51. The Environment Medio Ambiente
peligro de
extinción
23.Unleaded petrol Gasolina sin
plomo
24. Greenhouse effect Efecto
invernadero
25. Pollute Contaminar
25. Cut down Talar /cortar
26. Global warming Calentamiento
Global
27. Reduce Reducir
20
PARTICIPATION POINTS

21
22

22