Realism: Essentialism

Realism Founded by Aristotle (384-322 BC). French word derived from Latin.
Realia means goods or

things. Realism is intended as a lesson or understanding of the true state, the way of thinking and art that
holds true to the real truth and the senses of perception. Realism is a philosophy that examines the
objective of the world and its creatures and their relationships with one another. This belief believes in the
general existence, that is, things we can see and prove to exist. Main spokesperson: Bertrand Russell,
Francis Bacon, Alfred North Whitehead and St. Thomas Aquinas. Contrary to idealism that looks at the
spiritual realm as reality, realism instead views nature as a reality. The first group was the only real thing.
The second is material and spiritual. The third is all things including mind and humiliation. Metaphysical
Realism is a world that consists of entities or a whole that is true, real and material. Furthermore, the
Epistemology of Realism that Humans learn through the knowledge acquired from the experience of taste
and feeling and the Realm of the Realism of anything that is parallel to nature is worth and the standard of
a value is determined by reasoning. Rational Realism Realism and spirituality have been created by god
Although spirituality is not a physical thing it is important to man and his own God is spirituality and
perfect in many cases. Classical Realism School plays a comprehensive and simple student in all
respects, They must be taught to live by eternal and universal moral standards and What is said is true for
everyone and not just for certain societies or nations. Religious Realism The main form of religious
realism is scholasticism (the official philosophy of the Roman Catholic Church) based on the philosophy
of St. Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas created a new Christian philosophy and later became known as
Thomism Thomism Thousands assume that materialism and spirituality have been created by God.
Thomism members also claim that humanity is a material and spiritual merger where the body and spirit
become one. They also claim that humans are eternal beings and are placed above this earth to obey
and love the Creator. Natural laws are inadequate and need to be accompanied by the laws of creation
God has to teach the students the laws so that they can perpetuate themselves to god and gain success
in the world and the hereafter Realism Natural Understanding brings its followers towards education
secular The truth of revelation begins to be removed and the presence of the prophets who convey the
revelation of doubt The philosophy must try to follow the firmness and objectivity of science Hence the
method of science must be used in philosophy in order to obtain any legal knowledge of the human
condition.
Essentialism is an intuitive folk belief positing that certain categories have a non-obvious inner
“essence” that gives rise to observable features. Although this belief most commonly characterizes natural
kind categories, I argue that psychological essentialism can also be extended in important ways to artifact
concepts. Specifically, concepts of individual artifacts include the non-obvious feature of object history,
which is evident when making judgments regarding authenticity and ownership. Classic examples include
famous works of art (e.g., the Mona Lisa is authentic because of its provenance), but ordinary artifacts
likewise receive value from their history (e.g., a worn and tattered blanket may have special value if it was
one's childhood possession). Moreover, in some cases, object history may be thought to have causal
effects on individual artifacts, much as an animal essence has causal effects. I review empirical support
for these claims and consider the implications for both artifact concepts and essentialism. This
perspective suggests that artifact concepts cannot be contained in a theoretical framework that focuses
exclusively on similarity or even function. Furthermore, although there are significant differences between
essentialism of natural kinds and essentialism of artifact individuals, the commonalities suggest that
psychological essentialism may not derive from folk biology but instead may reflect more domain-general
perspectives on the world. essentialism, an intuitive folk belief that has most commonly been offered to
characterize natural kind categories, such as dogs, oak trees, or gold, can be extended in important ways
to concepts of individual artifacts, such as Van Gogh's Starry Night, a child's favorite blanket, or a teacup
from the Titanic. Although there are significant differences between essentialism1 1 of natural kinds and
essentialism of individual artifacts, I will set forth what I believe to be two key phenomena involving
artifacts that can be understood as involving essentialism, and review empirical support for these links.
Finally, I will argue that these cross-domain commonalities have important implications for both artifact
concepts and essentialism.
Existentialism in the broader sense is a 20th century philosophy that is centered upon the analysis of
existence and of the way humans find themselves existing in the world. The notion is that humans exist
first and then each individual spends a lifetime changing their essence or nature. In simpler terms,
existentialism is a philosophy concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice,
and personal responsibility. The belief is that people are searching to find out who and what they are
throughout life as they make choices based on their experiences, beliefs, and outlook. And personal
choices become unique without the necessity of an objective form of truth. An existentialist believes that a
person should be forced to choose and be responsible without the help of laws, ethnic rules, or traditions.
There is a wide variety of philosophical, religious, and political ideologies that make up existentialism so
there is no universal agreement in an arbitrary set of ideals and beliefs. Politics vary, but each seeks the
most individual freedom for people within a society. Existentialistic ideas came out of a time in society
when there was a deep sense of despair following the Great Depression and World War II. There was a
spirit of optimism in society that was destroyed by World War I and its mid-century calamities. This
despair has been articulated by existentialist philosophers well into the 1970s and continues on to this
day as a popular way of thinking and reasoning (with the freedom to choose one’s preferred moral belief
system and lifestyle). An existentialist could either be a religious moralist, agnostic relativist, or an amoral
atheist. Kierkegaard, a religious philosopher, Nietzsche, an anti-Christian, Sartre, an atheist, and Camus
an atheist, are credited for their works and writings about existentialism. Sartre is noted for bringing the
most international attention to existentialism in the 20th century. Each basically agrees that human life is
in no way complete and fully satisfying because of suffering and losses that occur when considering the
lack of perfection, power, and control one has over their life. Even though they do agree that life is not
optimally satisfying, it nonetheless has meaning. Existentialism is the search and journey for true self and
true personal meaning in life. Most importantly, it is the arbitrary act that existentialism finds most
objectionable-that is, when someone or society tries to impose or demand that their beliefs, values, or
rules be faithfully accepted and obeyed. Existentialists believe this destroys individualism and makes a
person become whatever the people in power desire thus they are dehumanized and reduced to being an
object. Existentialism then stresses that a person's judgment is the determining factor for what is to be
believed rather than by arbitrary religious or secular world values.

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Realism Founded by Aristotle (384-322 BC). French word derived from Latin.

Realia means goods or

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