International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 5 Issue: 7 420 – 426

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Performance Analysis of Wired, Wireless and Optical Network using NS2
Jyoti1 Himanshi Saini2
2
1
M.Tech. Student, Department of ECE Assistant Professor, Department of ECE
DCRUST, Murthal DCRUST, Murthal
Sonipat, India Sonipat, India
2
1
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract- In computer terminology, the definition for networks is simply a group of computers physically or logically connected with each
other for sharing information or services. In this paper, wired, wireless and optical networks have been analyzed and implemented using
network simulator tool NS2. A systematic simulation based performance analysis of wired, wireless and optical networks using distance
vector routing protocol has been carried out. Analysis of the performance of these networks on the basis of three metrics- Packet delivery
ratio, end to end delay, throughput using NS2 based Simulation has been undertaken.

Keywords: Networks, Wired, Wireless, Optical, NS2

_________________________________________________*****______________________________________________

1. INTRODUCTION (sending or receiving data). The word “wired” is used to

Computer networks are the base of modern communication. differentiate between wireless connections and those involve
All modern aspects of public switched telephone network cables to transfer data between different devices and
are computer-controlled. The scope of communication computer systems. Most wired networks use Ethernet cables
would not be possible without computer network. A data to transfer data between connected computer systems that’s
network is a communication network which is used to why wired networks, also called networks. In small wired
exchange information from one node to another node using network, a single router is used to connect all the computers.
a data link or a data network is a system in which multiple Larger networks often use multiple routers or switches [5].
computers are connected with each other to share
information. The connections between nodes are established
by using cable media, wireless media or light pulse [1].

Computer network provide different type of interpersonal

facilities to user like email, instant messaging, telephone,
video telephone calls and audio conferencing. A network
allows users to share data, files and information. The user
has the ability to access information which is stored on the Figure 1: Wired Network [2]

computer network that may be used by unauthorized user to

generate viruses or computer worms, to prevent these 2. Wireless Network
devices from viruses access that network via denial of
service attack [1]. Wireless Networks used infrared or radio frequency signals
2. NETWORK to share information and resources between devices.
Wireless networks have connection between nodes without
A data network is a communication network which is used use of wires. Theses network development are cost
to exchange information from one node to another node effectiveness and it can be applicable to environments where
using a data link or a data network is a system in which wiring is not possible or it is a preferable solution as
multiple computers are connected with each other to share compared to wired networks. A wireless network consists of
information. The connections between nodes are established an access point or a base station. The access point acts like a
by using cable media, wireless media or light pulse. The hub, providing connectivity for wireless computers. There
example of network is internet, which connects millions of are four types of wireless standards for wireless networking
computers all over the world [1]. and these types are produced by Institute of Electrical and
1. Wired Network electronics Engineers (IEEE). These standards define all
Wired networks exist between a number of devices aspects of radio frequency wireless networking. They have
connected with each other using connecting media, such as established different type of transmission standards: 802.11,
cables and routers. These networks can be used within 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g. [4][5].
limited area by cables and routers that allow the data sharing
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 420 – 426
___________________________________________________________________________________________
All these type of transmission standards have different speed head-ends, nodes or simply, sites. These networks are the
and radio frequency. 802.11 and 802.11b are the slowest at backbone of Internet Service Providers [6] [7].
1 or 2Mbps and 5.5 and 11Mbps respectively. They both
operate off of the 2.4 GHz radio frequency and can transmit
up to 54 Mbps. Actual transmission speeds may vary and
depends on such factors as number and size of the physical
barriers in the network and any interference in the radio
transmissions. These networks are reliable, but when
interference occurs it reduce the range and the quality of the
signal. Interference can be caused by other devices operating
on the same radio frequency and it is very hard to control
the addition of new devices on the same frequency [4] [5].
Many types of wireless devices are available today for
examples, mobile terminals, pocket size PCs hand held PCs,
laptops etc. The emerging third generation cellular
networks have enables a variety of higher speed mobile data Figure 3: Basic Optical Fibre Communication [8]
services. [16] [17].
3. TOOL USED
Network Simulator (Version 2) is known as NS2 which is an
event-driven simulation tool. It source code is freely
distributed and discrete event simulator which works on
packet scenario of networking projects for both wired and
wireless network. It is useful in studying the nature of
communication networks. It is a portable tool that works on
all Linux and windows operating systems. It support many
routing protocols, network topologies like bus, ring, hybrid,
star topologies to design both wired and wireless network
with the help of simulation scripts. This tool is help to
calculate throughput, error rate, end to end delay, packet
Figure 2: Wireless Networks [2] delivery ratio, total number of packet send and received by
destination using TCL scripts AWK, Perl. [13]
3. Optical Network
Ns-2 support both transport layer protocols TCP and UDP.
Fiber optic communication is a communication technology Theses protocols are used to transmit data in the form of
that uses light pulses to transfer information from one point packets from source to destination and it also support
to another through an optical fiber. The information various type of traffic generators to generate data in the
transmitted is essentially digital information generated by form of packets and these packets send over transport layer
telephone systems, cable television companies, and protocols. CBR (Constant Bit Rate), exponential traffic
computer systems as shown in the figure [7] [12]. (poison traffic), Pareto traffic (expoo traffic) and FTP are
traffic generators which are used to generate data between
An optical network is a type of communication network that nodes. [13]
built with optical fiber technology. It convert electrical
signal into light pulses between sender and receiver nodes. It To run the TCL script NS2 use the NAM (network
connects computers (or any other device which can generate animator) which is a visualization tool which show the
or store data in electronic form using optical fibers. Optical nodes and flow of packet as written in the TCL script
fibers are essentially very thin glass cylinders or filaments
which carry signals in the form of light. Optical network is 1. Basic architecture of NS2
implemented by using Wavelength Division Multiplexing
(WDM). The WDM is a data transmission technology that NS2 consists of two key languages: C++ and Object-
transmits data in an optical fiber by establishing various oriented Tool Command Language (OTcl). The C++ and the
channels, each channel have it’s a specific light wavelength. OTcl are linked together using TclCL and mapped to a C++
It is a large complex network of server hubs at different object, variables in the Otcl domain. This language helps to
locations on ground. The server hubs are also known as create network scenario and also allows modification in Tcl
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 420 – 426
___________________________________________________________________________________________
script. [2] [3] Otcl is a language with simple syntaxes which can easily
integrate with other languages. The characteristics of the
Simulation scenario contains network nodes, topology and languages are:
connections between the nodes. NS2 provides users to • It provides a graphic interface
executable command ns with the name of a Tcl simulation • It is compatible with many protocols
scripting file. In the scenario, Tcl language is used to design • It is very flexible for integration
the network which set parameters, node configurations and • The scripting language is used which is easy to
topology, Connection between nodes, transfer packages and understand
simulation time [2] [10].
4. TRAFFIC SCENARIO FOR WIRED NETWORK
NS2 outputs either text-based or animation-based simulation
results. NAM (Network Animator) is a visualization tool A wired network using distance vector routing protocol has
which shows communication between nodes, flow of been designed and implemented. The distance vector routing
packets as written in the TCL script and also provides protocol selects a shortest path from source to destination.
animation based result. XGraph are used to generate graph This wired network traffic scenario has been generated by
to analyze a particular behavior of the network presentation using tcl script which specifies information about different
[2]. nodes, links, delay and also agents used at source and
destination nodes. After executing the program which is
written in tcl script using ns command then this network has
been visualized in the NAM animator as shown in the
figure 6 [10].

Figure 4: Basic architecture of NS2 [2]

2. Programming Language in NS2

NS2 provides a large number of built-in C++ objects. The

C++ is used for the simulation with the help of Tcl
simulation script but the users find that these objects are
insufficient. They develop their own C++ objects and use an Figure 6: Wired Network Communication
Otcl configuration and interface these objects. The two 1. Tracing
programming languages are used because this makes tool
easy to use, yet fast and powerful simulator. C++ defines the Simulation of network in NS2 generates traces of all the
internal mechanism of simulation objects and also used for events in a trace file as shown in below figure7. The format
the security packages in encryption and decryption while for trace file of a network differs depending on whether the
OTcl works for the frontend environment. OTcl and C++ network is wired or wireless. This trace file is data is used to
interact with each other through Tcl/C++ interface called calculate the different performance metrics and for plotting
TclCL as show in figure 5 [3]. the data on graphs for further analysis and comparison.

Figure 5: C++ and Tcl Communication [3]

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 420 – 426
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 8: Wireless Network Communication

1. Tracing

Simulation of network in NS2 generates traces of all the

events in a trace file as shown in below figure 9. The format
in wireless network is different for different routing
protocol. This trace file is data is used to calculate the
different performance metrics and for plotting the data on
graphs for further analysis and comparison.

Figure 7: Wired Network Trace file

5. TRAFIC SCENARIO FOR WIRELESS

NETWORK

A wireless network using Destination-Sequenced Distance

Vector routing protocol has also been designed and Figure 9: Wireless Network Trace file
implemented. The Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector
(DSDV) protocol is the commonly used proactive routing 6. TRAFFIC SCENARIO FOR OPTICAL
protocol in mobile ad hoc network. Proactive routing NETWORK
protocol maintains constant and updated routing information
for each pair of networking nodes by propagating route An optical network using distance vector routing protocol
updates proactively at fixed interval of time. The periodic has been designed and implemented. The distance vector
and event-driven messages are responsible for route routing protocol selects a shortest path from source to
establishment and route maintenance. In DSDV, each node destination. We create the optical network traffic scenario
maintains a routing table with one route entry for each by using tcl script which consist with six nodes, duplex
destination in which the shortest path is recorded. It uses a links, delay in ms and also used agents at source and
destination sequence number to avoid routing loops. The destination nodes. After that execute the program which is
figure 4.3 shows a node configuration for a wireless mobile written in tcl script using ns command then we could
node that runs DSDV as its ad hoc routing protocol. visualize the network in the NAM animator as shown in the
figure 10.
After that the program has been executed which is written in
tcl script using ns command then could be visualized the
network in the NAM animator as shown in the figure 8.

Figure 10: Optical Network Communication

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 420 – 426
___________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Tracing

Simulation of network in NS2 generates traces of all the

events in a trace file as shown in below figure 11. This trace
file is data which is used to calculate the different
performance metrics and for plotting the data on graphs for
further analysis and comparison

Figure 12: Comparison of average end-to-end delay

The figure 12 shows the graph between end to end delay and
number of nodes. The graph shows that wireless network
have more delay as compared to wired and optical network
and optical network have less delay as compared to wired
network.

2. Packet Delivery Ratio

Figure 11: Optical Network Trace file
Packet Delivery Ratio is defined as the ratio between the
7. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS received packets at the destination and the generated packets
at the source it is calculated by using awk script which
1. Average End-to-End Delay processes the trace file and produces the result. [2]

The end to end delay is the time from the generation of the Packet Delivery Ratio= [(Total packets received at the
packet by the sender up to send at the destination application destination) / (Total packets generated at the source)]
layer and expressed in second. It therefore include all the
delay in the network such as buffer Queue, transmission and
delay induced by routing protocol activities and MAC
control data exchanges. [12]

End to End delay = [(Sum of Individual data packet delay) /

(Total number of data Packets delivered)]

Figure 13: Comparison of Packet Delivery Ratio

The figure 13 shows the graph between packet delivery ratio

and number of nodes. The graph shows that optical network
have more packet delivery ratio as compared to wired and
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 420 – 426
___________________________________________________________________________________________
optical network and wireless network have less packet In this research work, we designed and simulate a wired,
delivery ratio as compared to wired network. wireless and optical network. The results of simulation are
stored in a trace file that records data about all events that
3. Average Throughput occurred during simulation process. The graphs show that
the optical networks have more throughput and packet
The ratio of total amount of data that reaches from source to delivery ratio whereas end to end delay is less as compared
destination to the time for the destination to get the last to wired and wireless network. So from the results we can
packet is referred as Throughput. A network with high conclude that the optical network is better as compared to
average throughput is desirable. wired and wireless network.

Throughput = (Number of data packets received*Packet In future, there is a lot of work that can be done and wide
size*8) / Simulation time variety of parameters that can be compared for wired,
wireless and optical networks for a large range of
applications in different scenarios.

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 7 420 – 426
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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