12/9/2017 100+ Core Java Interview Questions

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100+ Core Java Interview Questions Search this website

BY CHAITANYA SINGH | FILED UNDER: JAVA Q&A

Hi Friends, In this article, we have shared 100+ java interview questions for both beginners and
experienced folks.

Table of Contents

1. Basic Questions
2. OOPs interview Questions
3. Exception handling interview Questions
4. Java Multithreading interview Questions
5. Serialization interview Questions
6. String Interview Questions
7. Java Collections interview Questions
8. Applet interview Questions

Basic Questions
Q) Is Java platform independent?
Yes. Java is a platform independent language. We can write java code on one platform and run it on
another platform. For e.g. we can write and compile the code on windows and can run it on Linux or
any other supported platform. This is one of the main features of java.

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Q) What all memory areas are allocated by JVM?

Heap, Stack, Program Counter Register and Native Method Stack

Q) Java vs. C ++?

The following features of java make it different from the C++:

Simple
Multi-threaded
Distributed Application
Robust
Security
Complexities are removed (Pointers, Operator overloading, Multiple inheritance).

Q) What is javac ?
It produces the java byte code from *.java le. It is the intermediate representation of your source
code that contains instructions.

Q) What is class?
Class is nothing but a template that describes the data and behavior associated with instances of
that class

Q) What is the base class of all classes?

java.lang.Object

Q) Path and ClassPath

Path speci es the location of .exe les while classpath is used for specifying the location of .class
les.

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Q) Different Data types in Java.

byte 8 bit (are esp. useful when working with a stream of data from a network or a le).
short 16 bit
char 16 bit Unicode
int 32 bit (whole number)
oat 32 bit (real number)
long 64 bit (Single precision)
double 64 bit (double precision)

Note: Any time you have an integer expression involving bytes, shorts, ints and literal numbers, the
entire expression is promoted to int before the calculation is done.

Q) What is Unicode?
Java uses Unicode to represent the characters. Unicode de nes a fully international character set
that can represent all of the characters found in human languages.

Q) What are Literals?

A literal is a value that may be assigned to a primitive or string variable or passed as an argument
to a method.

Q) Dynamic Initialization?
Java allows variables to be initialized dynamically, using any expression valid at the time the
variable is declared.

Q) What is Type casting in Java?

To create a conversion between two incompatible types, we must use a cast. There are two types of

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casting in java: automatic casting (done automatically) and explicit casting (done by programmer).

Q) Arrays?
An array is a group of xed number of same type values. Read more about Arrays here.

Q) What is BREAK statement in java?

It is also referred as terminator. In Java, the break statement can be used in following two cases:

It terminates a statement sequence in a switch-case statement.

It can be used to come out of a loop

Q) Why cant I do myArray.length () ? Arrays are just objects, right?

Yes, the speci cation says that arrays are object references just like classes are. You can even invoke
the methods of Object such as toString () and hashCode () on an array. However, length is a data
item of an array and not a method. So you have to use myArray.length.

Q) How can I put all my classes and resources into one le and run it?
Use a JAR le. Put all the les in a JAR, then run the app like this:

Java -jar [-options] jar le [args...]

Q) Can I declare a data type inside loop in java?

Any Data type declaration should not be inside the loop.

Q) Advantage over jdk 1.0 vs. jdk 1.1 ?

Jdk1.1 release consists of Java Unicode character to support the multiple language fonts, along with
Event Handling, Java security, Java Beans, RMI, SQL are the major feature provided.

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Q) java.lang.* get imported by default. For using String and Exception classes, you dont need to
explicitly import this package. The major classes inside this package are

Object class
Data type wrapper classes
Math class
String class
System and Runtime classes
Thread classes
Exception classes
Process classes
Class classes

Q) Arrays can be de ned in different ways. Write them down.

int arr[] = null;

int arr[][] = new int arr[][];
int [][] arr = new arr [][];
int [] arr [] = new arr[][];

OOPs Interview Questions

Q) Four main principles of OOPS language?

Inheritance
Polymorphism
Data Encapsulation
Abstraction

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Q) What is inheritance?
The process by which one class acquires the properties and functionalities of another class.
Inheritance brings reusability of code in a java application. Read more here.

Q) Does Java support Multiple Inheritances?

When a class extends more than one classes then it is called multiple inheritance. Java doesnt
support multiple inheritance whereas C++ supports it, this is one of the difference between java and
C++. Refer this: Why java doesnt support multiple inheritance?

Q) What is Polymorphism and what are the types of it?

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take many forms. The most common use of
polymorphism in OOPs is to have more than one method with the same name in a single class.
There are two types of polymorphism: static polymorphism and dynamic polymorphism, read them
in detail here.

Q) What is the method overriding?

It is a feature using which a child class overrides the method of parent class. It is only applicable
when the method in child class has the signature same as parent class. Read more about method
overriding here.

Q) Can we override a static method?

No, we cannot override a static method.

Q) What is method overloading?

Having more than one method with the same name but different number, sequence or types of
arguments is known is method overloading. Read more about it here.

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Q) Does Java support operator overloading?

Operator overloading is not supported in Java.

Q) Can we overload a method by just changing the return type and without changing the signature
of method?
No, We cannot do this.

Q) Is it possible to overload main() method of a class?

Yes, we can overload main() method as well.

Q) What is the difference between method overloading and method overriding?

There are several differences; You can read them here: Overloading Vs Overriding.

Q) What is static and dynamic binding?

Binding refers to the linking of method call to its body. A binding that happens at compile time is
known as static binding while binding at runtime is known as dynamic binding.

Q) What is Encapsulation?
Encapsulation means the localization of the information or knowledge within an object.
Encapsulation is also called as Information Hiding. Read it here in detail.

Q) Abstract class?
An abstract class is a class which cant be instantiated (we cannot create the object of abstract
class), we can only extend such classes. It provides the generalized form that will be shared by all of
its subclasses, leaving it to each subclass to ll in the details. We can achieve partial abstraction
using abstract classes, to achieve full abstraction we use interfaces.

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Q) What is Interface in java?

An interface is a collection of abstract methods. A class implements an interface, thereby inheriting
the abstract methods of the interface. Read more about interface here.

Q) What is the difference between abstract class and interface?

1) abstract class can have abstract and non-abstract methods. An interface can only have abstract
methods.
2) An abstract class can have static methods but an interface cannot have static methods.
3) abstract class can have constructors but an interface cannot have constructors.

Q) Which access modi ers can be applied to the inner classes?

public ,private , abstract, nal, protected.

Q) What are Constructors?

Constructors are used for creating an instance of a class, they are invoked when an instance of class
gets created. Constructor name and class name should be same and it doesnt have a return type.
Read more about constructors here.

Q) Can we inherit the constructors?

No, we cannot inherit constructors.

Q) Can we mark constructors nal?

No, Constructor cannot be declared nal.

Q) What is default and parameterized constructors?

Default: Constructors with no arguments are known as default constructors, when you dont declare
any constructor in a class, compiler creates a default one automatically.

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Parameterized: Constructor with arguments are known as parameterized constructors.

Q) Can a constructor call another constructor?

Yes. A constructor can call the another constructor of same class using this keyword. For e.g. this()
calls the default constructor.
Note: this() must be the rst statement in the calling constructor.

Q) Can a constructor call the constructor of parent class?

Yes. In fact it happens by default. A child class constructor always calls the parent class constructor.
However we can still call it using super keyword. For e.g. super() can be used for calling super class
default constructor.

Note: super() must be the rst statement in a constructor.

Q)THIS keyword?
The THIS keyword is a reference to the current object.

Q) Can this keyword be assigned null value?

No, this keyword cannot have null values assigned to it.

Q) Explain ways to pass the arguments in Java?

In java, arguments can be passed in 2 ways,

Pass by value Changes made to the parameter of the subroutines have no effect on the argument
used to call it.
Pass by reference Changes made to the parameter will affect the argument used to call the
subroutine.

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Q) What is static variable in java?

Static variables are also known as class level variables. A static variable is same for all the objects
of that particular class in which it is declared.

Q) What is static block?

A static block gets executed at the time of class loading. They are used for initializing static
variables.

Q) What is a static method?

Static methods can be called directly without creating the instance (Object) of the class. A static
method can access all the static variables of a class directly but it cannot access non-static variables
without creating instance of class.

Q) Explain super keyword in Java?

super keyword references to the parent class. There are several uses of super keyword:

It can be used to call the superclass(Parent class) constructor.

It can be used to access a method of the superclass that has been hidden by subclass (Calling
parent class version, In case of method overriding).
To call the constructor of parent class.

Q) Use of nal keyword in Java?

Final methods These methods cannot be overridden by any other method.
Final variable Constants, the value of these variable cant be changed, its xed.
Final class Such classes cannot be inherited by other classes. These type of classes will be used
when application required security or someone dont want that particular class. More details.

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Q) What is a Object class?

This is a special class de ned by java; all other classes are subclasses of object class. Object class is
superclass of all other classes. Object class has the following methods

objectClone () to creates a new object that is same as the object being cloned.
boolean equals(Object obj) determines whether one object is equal to another.
nalize() Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection determines
that there are no more references to the object. A subclass overrides the nalize method to
dispose of system resources or to perform other cleanup.
toString () Returns a string representation of the object.

Q) What are Packages?

A Package can be de ned as a grouping of related types (classes, interfaces, enumerations and
annotations )

Q)What is the difference between import java.util.Date and java.util.* ?

The star form (java.util.* ) includes all the classes of that package and that may increase the
compilation time especially if you import several packages. However it doesnt have any effect
run-time performance.

Q) What is static import?

Read it here.

Q) Garbage collection in java?

Since objects are dynamically allocated by using the new operator, java handles the de-allocation of
the memory automatically when no references to an object exist for a long time is called garbage
collection. The whole purpose of Garbage collection is ef cient memory management.

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Q) Use of nalize() method in java?

nalize() method is used to free the allocated resource.

Q) How many times does the garbage collector calls the nalize() method for an object?
The garbage collector calls the nalize() method Only once for an object.

Q) What are two different ways to call garbage collector?

System.gc() OR Runtime.getRuntime().gc().

Q) Can the Garbage Collection be forced by any means?

No, its not possible. you cannot force garbage collection. you can call system.gc() methods for
garbage collection but it does not guarantee that garbage collection would be done.

Exception handling Interview Questions

Q) What is an exception?
Exceptions are abnormal conditions that arise during execution of the program. It may occur due to
wrong user input or wrong logic written by programmer.

Q) Exceptions are de ned in which java package? OR which package has de nitions for all the
exception classes?
Java.lang.Exception
This package contains de nitions for Exceptions.

Q) What are the types of exceptions?

There are two types of exceptions: checked and unchecked exceptions.
Checked exceptions: These exceptions must be handled by programmer otherwise the program
would throw a compilation error.
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Unchecked exceptions: It is up to the programmer to write the code in such a way to avoid
unchecked exceptions. You would not get a compilation error if you do not handle these exceptions.
These exceptions occur at runtime.

Q) What is the difference between Error and Exception?

Error: Mostly a system issue. It always occur at run time and must be resolved in order to proceed
further.
Exception: Mostly an input data issue or wrong logic in code. Can occur at compile time or run time.

Q) What is throw keyword in exception handling?

The throw keyword is used for throwing user de ned or pre-de ned exception.

Q) What is throws keyword?

If a method does not handle a checked exception, the method must declare it using the
throwskeyword. The throws keyword appears at the end of a methods signature.

Q) Difference between throw and throws in Java

Read the difference here: Java throw vs throws.

Q) Can static block throw exception?

Yes, A static block can throw exceptions. It has its own limitations: It can throw only Runtime
exception (Unchecked exceptions), In order to throw checked exceptions you can use a try-catch
block inside it.

Q) What is nally block?

Finally block is a block of code that always executes, whether an exception occurs or not. Finally
block follows try block or try-catch block.

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Q) ClassNotFoundException vs NoClassDefFoundError?
1) ClassNotFoundException occurs when loader could not nd the required class in class path.
2) NoClassDefFoundError occurs when class is loaded in classpath, but one or more of the class
which are required by other class, are removed or failed to load by compiler.

Q) Can we have a try block without catch or nally block?

No, we cannot have a try block without catch or nally block. We must have either one of them or
both.

Q) Can we have multiple catch blocks following a single try block?

Yes we can have multiple catch blocks in order to handle more than one exception.

Q) Is it possible to have nally block without catch block?

Yes, we can have try block followed by nally block without even using catch blocks in between.

When a nally block does not get executed?

The only time nally wont be called is if you call System.exit() or if the JVM crashes rst.

Q) Can we handle more than one exception in a single catch block?

Yes we can do that using if-else statement but it is not considered as a good practice. We should
have one catch block for one exception.

Q) What is a Java Bean?

A JavaBean is a Java class that follows some simple conventions including conventions on the
names of certain methods to get and set state called Introspection. Because it follows conventions,
it can easily be processed by a software tool that connects Beans together at runtime. JavaBeans are
reusable software components.

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Java Multithreading Interview Questions

Q) What is Multithreading?
It is a process of executing two or more part of a program simultaneously. Each of these parts is
known as threads. In short the process of executing multiple threads simultaneously is known as
multithreading.

Q) What is the main purpose of having multithread environment?

Maximizing CPU usage and reducing CPU idle time

Q) What are the main differences between Process and thread? Explain in brief.
1) One process can have multiple threads. A thread is a smaller part of a process.
2) Every process has its own memory space, executable code and a unique process identi er (PID)
while every thread has its own stack in Java but it uses process main memory and shares it with
other threads.
3) Threads of same process can communicate with each other using keyword like wait and notify
etc. This process is known as inter process communication.

Q) How can we create a thread in java?

There are following two ways of creating a thread:
1) By Implementing Runnable interface.
2) By Extending Thread class.

Q) Explain yield and sleep?

yield() It causes the currently executing thread object to temporarily pause and allow other
threads to execute.

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sleep() It causes the current thread to suspend execution for a speci ed period. When a thread
goes into sleep state it doesnt release the lock.

Q) What is the difference between sleep() and wait()?

sleep() It causes the current thread to suspend execution for a speci ed period. When a thread
goes into sleep state it doesnt release the lock

wait() It causes current thread to wait until either another thread invokes the notify() method or
the notifyAll() method for this object, or a speci ed amount of time has elapsed.

Q) What is a daemon thread?

A daemon thread is a thread, that does not prevent the JVM from exiting when the program nishes
but the thread is still running. An example for a daemon thread is the garbage collection.

Q) What does join( ) method do?

if you use join() ,it makes sure that as soon as a thread calls join,the current thread(yes,currently
running thread) will not execute unless the thread you have called join is nished.

Q) Preemptive scheduling vs. time slicing?

1) The preemptive scheduling is prioritized. The highest priority process should always be the
process that is currently utilized.
2) Time slicing means task executes for a de ned slice/ period of time and then enter in the pool of
ready state. The scheduler then determines which task execute next based on priority or other
factor.

Q) Can we call run() method of a Thread class?

Yes, we can call run() method of a Thread class but then it will behave like a normal method. To

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actually execute it in a Thread, you should call Thread.start() method to start it.

Q) What is Starvation?
Starvation describes a situation where a thread is unable to gain regular access to shared resources
and is unable to make progress. This happens when shared resources are made unavailable for long
periods by greedy threads. For example, suppose an object provides a synchronized method that
often takes a long time to return. If one thread invokes this method frequently, other threads that
also need frequent synchronized access to the same object will often be blocked.

Q) What is deadlock?
Deadlock describes a situation where two or more threads are blocked forever, waiting for each
other.

Serialization interview Questions

Q: What is Serialization and de-serialization?
Serialization is a process of converting an object and its attributes to the stream of bytes. De-
serialization is recreating the object from stream of bytes; it is just a reverse process of serialization.
To know more about serialization with example program, refer this article.

Q) Do we need to implement any method of Serializable interface to make an object serializable?

No. In order to make an object serializable we just need to implement the interface Serializable. We
dont need to implement any methods.

Q) What is a transient variable?

1) transient variables are not included in the process of serialization.
2) They are not the part of the objects serialized state.
3) Variables which we dont want to include in serialization are declared as transient.
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String interview questions

Q) A string class is immutable or mutable?
String class is immutable thats the reason once its object gets created, it cannot be changed
further.

Q) Difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder class?

1) StringBuffer is thread-safe but StringBuilder is not thread safe.
2) StringBuilder is faster than StringBuffer.
3) StringBuffer is synchronized whereas StringBuilder is not synchronized.

Q) What is toString() method in Java?

The toString() method returns the string representation of any object.

Java collections interview questions

Q) What is List?
Elements can be inserted or accessed by their position in the list, using a zero-based index.
A list may contain duplicate elements.

Q) What is Map?
Map interface maps unique keys to values. A key is an object that we use to retrieve a value later. A
map cannot contain duplicate keys: Each key can map to at most one value.

Q) What is Set?
A Set is a Collection that cannot contain duplicate elements.

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Q) Why ArrayList is better than Arrays?

Array can hold xed number of elements. ArrayList can grow dynamically.

Q) What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?

1) LinkedList store elements within a doubly-linked list data structure. ArrayList store elements
within a dynamically resizing array.
2) LinkedList is preferred for add and update operations while ArrayList is a good choice for search
operations. Read more here.

Q) For addition and deletion. Which one is most preferred: ArrayList or LinkedList?
LinkedList. Because deleting or adding a node in LinkedList is faster than ArrayList.

Q) For searches. Which one is most preferred: ArrayList or LinkedList?

ArrayList. Searching an element is faster in ArrayList compared to LinkedList.

Q) What is the difference between ArrayList and Vector?

1) Vector is synchronized while ArrayList is not synchronized.
2) By default, Vector doubles the size of its array when it is re-sized internally. ArrayList increases by
half of its size when it is re-sized. More details.

Q) What is the difference between Iterator and ListIterator?

Following are the major differences between them:
1) Iterator can be used for traversing Set, List and Map. ListIterator can only be used for traversing a
List.
2) We can traverse only in forward direction using Iterator. ListIterator can be used for traversing in
both the directions(forward and backward). Read more at: ListIterator vs Iterator.

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Q) Difference between TreeSet and SortedSet?

TreeSet implements SortedSet interface.

Q) What is the difference between HashMap and Hashtable?

1) Hashtable is synchronized. HashMap is not synchronized.
2) Hashtable does not allow null keys or values. HashMap allows one null key and any number of
null values. Read more here.

Q) What is the difference between Iterator and Enumeration?

1) Iterator allows to remove elements from the underlying collection during the iteration using its
remove() method. We cannot add/remove elements from a collection when using enumerator.
2) Iterator has improved method names.
Enumeration.hasMoreElement() -> Iterator.hasNext()
Enumeration.nextElement() -> Iterator.next().

Applet Interview Questions

Q) How do you do le I/O from an applet?
Unsigned applets are simply not allowed to read or write les on the local le system .

Unsigned applets can, however, read (but not write) non-class les bundled with your applet on the
server, called resource les

Q) What is container ?
A component capable of holding another component is called as container.
Container
Panel
Applet
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Window
Frame
Dialog

Learning)

1. Flow Layout is default for panel.

2. Border Layout is default for Frames.

Q) On Windows, generally frames are invisible, how to make it visible. ?

Frame f = new Frame();

f.setSize(300,200); //height and width
f.setVisible(true) ; // Frames appears

Q) JFC Java Foundation Class

Swing
AWT
Java2D
Drag and Drop
Accessibility

Learning) Listeners and Methods?

ActionListerner actionPerformed();
ItemListerner itemStateChanged();
TextListener textValueChanged();
FocusListener focusLost(); & FocusGained();

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WindowListener windowActi ed(); windowDEacti ed(); windowIconi ed(); windowDeiconi ed();

windowClosed(); windowClosing(); windowOpened();

MouseMotionListener mouseDragged(); & mouseMoved();

MouseListener mousePressed(); mouseReleased(); mouseEntered(); mouseExited(); mouseClicked();

Learnings)
parseInt to convert string to int.
getBytes string to byte array

Q) Applet Life cycle?

Following stage of any applets life cycle, starts with init(), start(), paint(), stop() and destroy().

Q) showStatus() ?
To display the message at the bottom of the browser when applet is started.

Q) What is the Event handling?

Is irrespective of any component, if any action performed/done on Frame, Panel or on window,
handling those actions are called Event Handling.

Q) What is Adapter class?

Adapter class is an abstract class.

Advantage of adapter: To perform any window listener, we need to include all the methods used by
the window listener whether we use those methods are not in our class like Interfaces whereas with

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adapter class, its suf cient to include only the methods required to override. Straight opposite to
Interface.

Further readings:
If you have nished reading above interview questions then you can go through the below tutorials
to sharpen your knowledge in java. We will keep adding new question and answers to the above list.

1) Java Collection tutorial

2) Core Java concepts
3) OOPs concepts
4) Java Multithreading
5) String class and its methods
6) Java Exception handling

Enjoyed this post? Try these related posts

1. JDBC(Java Database Connectivity) interview questions
2. Servlet interview questions and answers
3. Java Collections Interview Questions and Answers
4. Java Multithreading Interview Questions and Answers
5. JUnit (Java Unit Testing) interview questions and answers
6. JUnit (Java Unit Testing) interview questions

Comments

shubham says
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12/9/2017 100+ Core Java Interview Questions

JULY 4, 2013 AT 12:41 PM

good

Reply

abi says
AUGUST 6, 2014 AT 6:39 AM

good

Reply

marimuthu says
NOVEMBER 10, 2014 AT 2:14 AM

Thaank you so much it is very very usefull

Reply

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Divya Sahu says

DECEMBER 17, 2014 AT 2:14 PM

Very Useful.

Reply

David V. says
JANUARY 8, 2015 AT 10:06 PM

hello and thanks, it is very useful.

but question like this>

Q) For searches. Which one is most preferred: ArrayList or LinkedList?
ArrayList. Searching an element is faster in ArrayList compared to LinkedList.

The answer for this question is not complete. In interview is necessary explain why it is
faster, you should know how linkedlist works, what O(x) time it takes add, search, del,
etc

Reply

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sanjeevakumar says
JANUARY 27, 2015 AT 9:42 AM

Wow!Exellent, Its really usefull for the beginners.

Reply

Nishant Sharma says

MARCH 12, 2015 AT 12:38 PM

A question on this page:

Q. Can we override a static method?
No, we cannot override a static method.

.I had tried overriding a static method and the compiler doesnt give error. We can also
override main() method (which is static).

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lalit barskar says

APRIL 13, 2015 AT 7:35 AM

static method cant be overridden , it it is done then it is method hiding not

overriding in case of static method
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kapil chaudhary says

JUNE 12, 2015 AT 6:12 AM

change the return type of ur program.

replace-> static void a() static int(or any return type whtevr u want)

it will show u missing return statement.

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Nevill Kwa says

JUNE 21, 2015 AT 7:20 PM

Excellent Java Interview questions, it help me to prepare my interview. Do you have

these question in PDF format to download?

Thanks,
Neville

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kalaivani says
AUGUST 15, 2015 AT 7:41 PM

Really this site is very useful

then Could u say the answer for how HashMap works internally?

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