Speech and Audio Signal Processing ECE554 - Lec - 5 STFT Analysis v2.0
Speech and Audio Signal Processing ECE554 - Lec - 5 STFT Analysis v2.0
Overview
Short-Time Fourier Transform
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Window effect
Speech and Audio Signal Processing
Window Function
ECE554
Nikesh Bajaj
[email protected]
Asst. Prof. DSP, SECE
Lovely Professional University
2 By: Nikesh Bajaj
Review of Limitation of FT
Introduction to STFT
Advantage of STT over FT
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Spectrogram
Effect of window size
Nikesh Bajaj
Limitation of STFT
[email protected]
Digital Signal Processing Summary
Lovely Professional University
4 By: Nikesh Bajaj
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Limitation of FT Limitation of FT
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1= 10 x
x 2= 20
3= 40
4=100
x1(t)=cos( 4t)
x2(t)=cos( 3t)
x3(t)=cos( 2t)
x4(t)=cos( 1t)
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(t) 0
The basis function sin(t) is not localized in time!
This is called as SHORT TIME FOURIER
The (t) (sample) is not localized in frequency
TRANSFORM.
signal x(t)
Fourier Transform does not give any
information about occurrence of frequency window w(t)
~
x(t )w(t )e dt
it
components with time. X ( , )
Where we are???
Introduction to subject
Signal & System (in a glance)
Fourier Series
Ba Short Time Fourier Transform
Equidistant frequencies:
k
2
k
t
Review of Fourier Transform
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Limitation of Fourier Transform (FT)
Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT)
Window function
Fractional Fourier Transform t
Wavelet Transform
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y(t)=Asin(2f0t)
f0=660 Hz
Time
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x(t ) (t )
~
X ( ) 1
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Signal and FT Spectrogram (STFT) Signal and FT Spectrogram (STFT)
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signals
x1=sin(2*pi*50*(0:0.001:2))
x2=sin(2*pi*300*(0:0.001:2))
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y1=x1+x2
y2=[x1 x2]
Check
Signal and FT Spectrogram (STFT) plot(y1), plot(y2), Plot(abs(fft(y1))) and for y2
spectrogram(y1, w) check for y2 and diff value of w
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t2
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Middle size window: a=0.0001 Wide window: a=0.00001
Trade-off in
Time-Frequency
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High time and frequency resolution
cant be achieved simultaneously
Trade-off in
Time-Frequency
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t2
We cannot localize events in time and frequency Does not inform about position of frequency
simultaneously! occurrence in time.
STFT
Improved time resolutionDegraded frequency resolution Spectrogram gives time-frequency information.
Improved frequency resolution Degraded time resolution
But with limited resolution.
Solution is Wavelet Transform.
Problem : the same and t through the entire plane!
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Window functions
Rectangular window /Boxcar
Hanning
Window Functions
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Kaiser
Bartlett
Chebyshev
Hamming
Hann
Taylor
Nikesh Bajaj
[email protected]
Triangular
Asst. Prof. LSECA, ECE
Blackman
Lovely Professional University
31 By: Nikesh Bajaj
Properties of STFT
Linear
Complex valued
Time invariant
Ba
Where we are?
Introduction to Subject
Brief about Signal & System
Fourier Series
Fourier Transform & Its Limitations
Time shift
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Short Time Fourier Transform & its Limitations
Frequency shift With MATLAB
Many other properties of the FT also apply. Window Functions, with MATLAB
Fractional Fourier Transform
Introduction to Wavelet
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1
Overview Window Function t
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amplitudes
spectral leakage
high-dynamic-range : low-resolution, also poorest in terms
The leakage tends to be worst (highest) near
of sensitivity;
and least at frequencies farthest from
waveform contains random noise, the ability to find weak
leakage can interfere sinusoids amidst the noise is diminished by a high-dynamic-range
Any window (including rectangular) affects the window, used for wideband applications
spectral estimate computed by this method. Moderate windows: They are commonly used in
narrowband applications, such as the spectrum of a
telephone channel
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Window Function
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Spectral analysis involves a tradeoff between resolving
comparable strength signals with similar frequencies and
resolving disparate strength signals with dissimilar
frequencies. That tradeoff occurs when the window
High-resolution windows
Rectangular window
function is chosen.
window
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The first side-lobe is only 13 dB lower
than the main lobe, with the rest falling
off at about 6 dB per octave
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Kaiser windows
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windows
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Window functions
Rectangular window /Boxcar
The Hann and Hamming windows, both of
Hanning
which are in the family known as "raised
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Kaiser
cosine" windows, are respectively named Bartlett
after Julius von Hann and Richard Chebyshev
Hamming. The term "Hanning window" is Hamming
sometimes used to refer to the Hann Hann
window Taylor
Triangular
Blackman
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Pitch Detection Ba
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Ni
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