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EXP8 Frequencyresponse Students

This document discusses frequency response analysis techniques using MATLAB. It introduces Nyquist and Bode plots which can be used to analyze system stability and performance. Nyquist plots show the magnitude and phase of a system on a polar plot. Bode plots show magnitude and phase separately versus frequency. The Nyquist criterion uses revolutions around -1 to determine stability. Gain and phase margin can be found using Bode plots and indicate transient response. Exercises are provided to analyze stability of example systems using these techniques.

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90 views4 pages

EXP8 Frequencyresponse Students

This document discusses frequency response analysis techniques using MATLAB. It introduces Nyquist and Bode plots which can be used to analyze system stability and performance. Nyquist plots show the magnitude and phase of a system on a polar plot. Bode plots show magnitude and phase separately versus frequency. The Nyquist criterion uses revolutions around -1 to determine stability. Gain and phase margin can be found using Bode plots and indicate transient response. Exercises are provided to analyze stability of example systems using these techniques.

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lucas
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Experiment 8

Frequency Response

Objectives:

1. To be able to plot the frequency response of a system with the aid of MATLAB.
2. To be able to use frequency response to analyze a systems stability, transient and steady state
error performance.

Introductory Information:

Nyquist diagram

Frequency response is a system can be represented either as a polar plot or as a separate magnitude and
phase diagrams. A frequency response as a polar plot, the magnitude response is the length of a vector
drawn from the origin to a point on the curve. The polar plot of G(s)H(s) is known as Nyquist diagram.

Nyquist(sys) draws the nyquist plot of the LTI model SYS (created with either TF, ZPK, SS, or FRD). The
frequency range and number of points are chosen automatically.

Command listing 8.1 performs Nyquist plot of a given transfer function.

Command listing 8.1

Figure 1. Nyquist Diagram


Nyquist criterion for stability states that the number of closed-loop poles, Z, in the right half-plane equals
the number of open-loop poles, P, that are in the right half-plane minus the number of counterclockwise
revolutions around -1, N, the mapping: That is Z=P-N. The mapping is called the Nyquist diagram, or
Nyquist plot, of open loop transfer function G(s)H(s). G(s) is the forward path transfer function and H(s) is
the feedback transfer function.

Bode plots

Separate magnitude and phase diagrams, sometimes referred to as Bode plots, present the data with
frequency explicitly enumerated along the abscissa. The magnitude curve can be a plot of long magnitude
vs. long frequency.

Bode(sys) draws the Bide plot of the LTI model SYS (created by TF, ZPK, SS, or FRD). The frequency range
and number of points are chosen automatically.

Bode(sys1.sys2,) show the bode plot of multiple LTI models of sys1, sys2, on a single plot.

Command listing 8.2 performs bode plot of a given transfer function.

Command listing 8.2

Figure 2. Bode Plot

Frequency response methods also give transient response information. By defining such frequency
response quantities as gain margin and phase margin, the transient response can be analyzed or designed.
Gain margin is the amount that the gain that can be increased by the system before instability occurs if
the phase angle is constant at 180 C. Phase margin is the amount that can be changed by the phase angle
before instability occurs if the gain is held at unity.

(Gm, Pm, Wcg, Wcp)=margin(sys) finds the gain margin (Gm), phase margin (Pm), the gain margin
frequency, where the phase plot goes through 180 degrees(Wcg), and the phase-margin frequency, where
the magnitude plot goes through zero dB(Wcp) of the LTI model SYS.

Command listing 8.3

Figure 3. Gain and Phase Margin plot


Exercise 1

Give system, determine the following

a) Show the nyquist plot


b) G(s)H(s) (open loop transfer function)
c) P (number of open loop poles located at the RHP)
d) N (number of counterclockwise revolutions around -1)
e) Z (number of closed loop poles located at the RHP)
f) What is the stability of the system?

Exercise 2

Given system, determine the following.

a) Show the nyquist plot


b) G(s)H(s) (open loop transfer function)
c) P (number of open loop poles located at the RHP)
d) N (number of counterclockwise revolutions around -1)
e) Z (number of closed loop poles located at the RHP)
f) What is the stability of the system?

Reference:

David McMahon, MATLAB Demystified. McGraw-Hill. 2009


Nise, Norman. Control System Engineering 6th Edition. Wesley & SonsEdition. 2011
Dorf, Richard C. & Bishop Robert H. Modern Control Systems 12th Edition. 2010
MATLAB 2015 Help documentation

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