STUDY ON DC MOTOR BY USING H-BRIDGE

CONVENTOR MODULE
Balmah, A. 1, Mohammed Khalid, M. N. 2
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering, University of Selangor
Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
1
[email protected]
2
[email protected]

Abstract Earlier, the speed control of the DC motor was in

mechanical way which needs to use a huge size of
Nowadays the Direct Current (DC) motor is using hardware with a high cost or electrical techniques then
widely in industrial applications like robotic, rolling the improvement of the power electronics area made
mills, and electric vehicles. Due to the importance of the control of the speed easier than previous including
control that machine many researches have been done the advance of a less in price and simple hardware
about that area. This method depends on using a implementation [2].
concept of the H-bridge converter design a closed loop
system that has been used to control the speed of the
DC motor with advantage of adjustable the speed of
the motor automatically depends on the load that II. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM)
motor is drive it, by detecting the current and voltage.
Indeed, all the circuits have been designed and
simulated by using MATLAB Simulink Pulse width modulation (PWM) is common
implementation, obviously, the results are observed modulation technique that is used to generate a pure
very clear obtained from the DC motor as a load into sine wave. PWM is used to generate a digital
the H-Bridge Chopper. These results obtained are waveform in which the duty cycle is modulated where
meet all the assumption in the theories as proposed the average voltage and current waveforms match or
which yield to a great execution motor speed and corresponding to a pure sine wave [1]. The duty cycle
precise control the efficiency of system improved as term refers to the proportion of "on" time to regular
well. interval of time therefore, low power corresponds to
the low duty cycle. The duty cycle is express in term
of percent 100% being fully on [1]. The Plus Width
Modulation (PWM) single simply can be generated via
Keywords: Power electronics, DC motor, H-Bridge, a comparison between triangle waveform and low
motor control. power reference sine wave [3] as shown in Figure 2.9.
Figure 2.10, Figure 2.11, are shown the PWM signal
before and filtering respectively.
I. INTRODUCTION

DC motors are now being used in a wide range of

application in the industry, in fields like robotics,
electric vehicles and even in some application like
rolling mills and Archimedes screw. Controlling this
motor efficiently emerged as interest among
researchers [1].
 Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document..1: PWM comparison single

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Basic H Bridge
document..2: PWM signal before filtering.
An H-Bridge is an electronic power circuit that
allows motor speed and direction to be controlled.
Most DC Motors can rotate in two directions
depending on how the battery is connected to the
motor. Both the DC motor and the battery are two
terminal devices that have positive and negative
terminals [5]. In order run the motor in the forward
direction, connect the positive motor wire to the
positive battery wire and negative to negative [5].
However, to run the motor in reverse just switch the
connections; connect the positive battery wire to the
negative motor wire [2], and the negative battery wire
to the positive motor wire.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in An H-Bridge circuit allows a large DC motor to
document..3: PWM signal after filtering. be run in both directions with a low-level logic input
signal. As shown in fig. 3 the IGBTs switches are used
for switching. If it is desired to turn the motor on in the
III. H-BRIDGE forward direction, switches 1 and 4 must be closed to
power the motor [6]. Fig. 4 below is the H-Bridge
driving the motor in the forward direction.
H Bridge is defined as electronic circuit which is
enabling the supplied voltage across the load in both
directions. Therefore, the circuits are for the
applications that allow DC motor to generate forwards
and backwards however, are very often used in
robotics [4].

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document..4: Forward Motoring

If it is desired to turn the motor on in the reverse

direction, switches 2 and 3 must be closed to power
the motor. Fig. 5 below is the H-Bridge driving the
motor in the reverse direction.
V. RESULTS

Forward Motoring:
Results of the given simulation is shown in below
figures for forward motoring operation. Each
waveform shows different parameters.

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document..5: Reverse Motoring

IV. MATLAB SIMULINK

In this research, MATLAB Simulink has been

used to simulate the voltage source full bridge inverter
connected to H-bridge DC chopper of the motor drive
that all shown in the figure 3.5. This simulation circuit
make the principle of the motor drive easy to follow
and understand and also give full details about the
control method been used in the motor drives and the
structure of each module equations.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document..7: Electrical Torque for Forward
Motoring

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document..8: Electrical Speed for Forward Motoring
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document..6: Simulink Overall Simulation circuit
 Figure Error! No text of specified style in Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document..9: Field Current for Forward Motoring document..11: Electrical Speed for Reverse
Motoring

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document..10: Armature Current for Forward
Motoring Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document..12: Electrical Torque for Reverse
Reverse Motoring: Motoring

Results of the given simulation is shown in below

figures for reverse motoring operation. Each
waveform shows different parameters.

Figure Error! No text of specified style in

document..13: Field Current for Reverse Motoring
 [3] B.L. Theraja Fundamentals of Electrical
Engineering and Electronics, S. Chand, 2006.

[4] Anil K. Maini, Digital Electronics

Principles, Devices and Applications, John Wiley
and Sons, 2007.

[5] Lee, W.J.; Sul, S.K. A New Starting Method

of BLDC Motors without Position Sensor. IEEE
Trans. Ind. Appl.2006,42, 1532-1538.

[6] Zaky, M.S.; Khater, M.; Yasin, H.; Shokralla,

S.S. Very Low Speed and Zero Speed Estimations of
Sensorless Induction Motor Drives. Electr. Power
Syst.Res.2010,80, 143-151.
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document..14: Armature Current for Reverse
Motoring

VI. CONCLUSION

As a conclusion of this research, this simulation

results are obtained of Motoring Operation forward
motoring and reverse motoring therefore, this
MATLAB simulation IGBT is designed based on H-
Bridge circuit have been designed in very simple way
to understand and have been successfully achieved.
Indeed, all the circuits have been designed and
simulated by using MATLAB Simulink
implementation, obviously, the results are observed
very clear obtained from the DC motor as a load into
the H-Bridge driver. These results obtained are meet
all the assumption in the theories has a great execution
speed and precise control the efficiency of system also
improved.

REFERENCES

[1] R.D. and Cuk, Advances in Switched-mode

Power Conversion, Vols. I and II, Pasadena, CA:
TESLAco, 1981.
[2] Rashid, M.H, Power Electronics: Circuits,
Devices and Applications, USA: Prentice-Hall.
Middlebrook, (1993).