Comprehensive Neurofeedback Bibliography

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Comprehensive Neurofeedback

Bibliography
D. Corydon Hammond, PhD
Professor, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
University of Utah School of Medicine

Frank H. Duffy, M.D., Professor and Pediatric Neurologist at Harvard Medical School, stated
in an editorial in the January, 2000 issue of the journal Clinical Electroencephalography that
the scholarly literature suggests that neurofeedback should play a major therapeutic role in
many difficult areas. "In my opinion, if any medication had demonstrated such a wide
spectrum of efficacy it would be universally accepted and widely used" (p. v). "It is a field to
be taken seriously by all" (p. vii).

An objective guideline for objectively


evaluating the efficacy of neurofeedback treatments:

La Vaque, T. J., Hammond, D. C., Trudeau, D., Monastra, V., Perry, J., Lehrer, P.,
Matheson, D., & Sherman, R. (2002). Template for developing guidelines for the
evaluation of the clinical efficacy of psychophysiological interventions. Applied
Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 27(4), 273-281.

Links to Topics:

Academic Cognitive Enhancement Headache


Learning Disabilities Hemoencephalography
ADHD Hemispheric Asymmetry
Addiction Hypertension
Adverse Reactions and Side Effects Learning Disability
Anger LORETA
Anxiety Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Asthma Optimal Functioning, Peak Performance
Autism Post Traumatic Stress
Autoimmune Disorders Pain
Brain Injury Parkinson's
Cerebral Palsy Pre Menstrual Syndrome
Creativity Review Articles
Chronic Fatigue Schizophrenia
Cognitive Decline Sleep
Coma Slow Cortical Potential Neurofeedback
Criminals Spasticity
Medical Conditions Standards
Depression Stroke
Dissociative Disorders Theoretical Treatises
Epilepsy Tinnitus
Fibromyalgia Tourette's Syndrome
Z-Score Neurofeedback Training
Epilepsy
Andrews, D. J., & Schonfeld, W. H. (1992). Predictive factors for controlling seizures using
a behavioural approach. Seizure, 1(2), 111-116.

Ayers, M. E. (1988). Long-term clinical treatment follow-up of EEG neurofeedback for


epilepsy. Epilepsy Support Program Newsletter, 3(2), 8-9.

Ayers, M. E. (1995). Long-term follow-up of EEG neurofeedback with absence seizures.


Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 20(3), 309-310.

Birbaumer, N., Elbert, T., Rockstroh, B., Daum, I., Wolf, P., & Canavan, A. (1991). Clinical
psychological treatment of epileptic seizures: A controlled study. Chapter in A. Ehlers et
al. (Eds.), Perspectives and Promises of Clinical Psychology. New York: Plenum Press.

Cott, A., Pavloski, R. P., & Black, A. H. (1979). Reducing epileptic seizures through
operant conditioning of central nervous system activity: Procedural variables. Science,
203, 73-75.

Daum, I., Rockstroh, B., Birbaumer, N., Elbert, T., Canavan, A., Lutzenberger, W. (1993).
Behavioral treatment of slow cortical potentials in intractable epilepsy:
Neuropsychological predictors of outcome. Journal of Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 56
94-97.

Elbert, T., Rockstroh, B., Canavan, A., Birbaumer, N., Lutzenberger, W., von Bulow, I., &
Linden, A. (1990). Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials and its role in
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Elbertsen, B., & Klove, H. (1976). Clinical application of biofeedback training in epilepsy.
Scandinavian Journal of Behavior Therapy, 5, 133-144.

Engel, J., Troupin, A. S., Crandall, P. H., Sterman, M. B., & Wasterlain, C. G. (1982).
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Finley, W. W. (1976). Effects of sham-feedback following successful SMR training in an


epileptic: A follow-up study. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 1, 227-235.

Finley, W. W. (1977). Operant conditioning of the EEG in two patients with epilepsy:
Methodologic and clinical considerations. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science,
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Finley, W. W., Smith, H. A., & Etherton, M. D. (1975). Reduction of seizures and
normalization of the EEG in a severe epileptic following sensorimotor biofeedback
training: Preliminary study. Biological Psychiatry, 2, 189-203.
Fischer-Williams, M., & Clifford, B. C. (1988). Biofeedback treatment of patients with
seizures: A pilot study of EEG feedback. Electroencephalography & Clinical
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Hanson, L. M., Trudeau, D. L., & Grace, D. L. (1996). Neurotherapy and drug therapy in
combination for adult ADHD, personality disorder, and seizure disorder: A case report.
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Kaplan, B. J. (1975). Biofeedback in epileptics: Equivocal relationship of reinforced EEG


frequency to seizure reduction. Epilepsia, 16, 477-485.

Kotchoubey, B., Busch, S., Strehl, U., & Birbaumer, N. (1999). Changes in EEG power
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Kotchoubey, B., Strehl, U., Uhlmann, C., Holzapfel, S., Konig, M., Froscher, W.,
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Kuhlman, W. N. (1978). EEG feedback training of epileptic patients: Clinical and


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Kuhlman, W. N., & Allison, T. (1977). EEG feedback training in the treatment of epilepsy:
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Lantz, D., & Sterman, M. B. (1988). Neuropsychological assessment of subjects with


uncontrolled epilepsy: Effects of EEG biofeedback training. Epilepsia, 29(2), 163-171.

Lubar, J. F., & Bahler, W. W. (1976). Behavioral management of epileptic seizures


following EEG biofeedback training of the sensorimotor rhythm. Biofeedback & Self-
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Lubar, J. F., Shabsin, H. S., Natelson, S. E. et al. (1981). EEG operant conditioning in
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Lubar, J. F., & Shouse, M. N. (1977). Use of biofeedback in the treatment of seizure
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Monderer, R. S., Harrison, D. M., & Haut, S. R. (2002). Review: Neurofeedback and
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Quy, R. J., Hutt, S. J., & Forrest, S. (1979). Sensorimotor rhythm feedback training and
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149.

Rockstroh, B., Elbert, T., Birbaumer, N., Wolf, P., Duchting-Roth, A., Reker, M., Daum, I.,
Lutzenberger, W., & Dichgans, J. (1993). Cortical self-regulation in patients with
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Rudrud, E., & Striefel, S. (1981). Eight to twelve hertz occipital EEG training with
moderate and severely retarded epileptic individuals. Australian Journal of
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Seifert, A. R.,& Lubar, J. F. (1975). Reduction of epileptic seizures through EEG


biofeedback training. Biological Psychology, 3, 157-184.

Sterman, M. B., & Friar, L. (1972). Suppression of seizures in epileptics following


sensorimotor EEG feedback training. Electroencephalography & Clinical
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Sterman, M. B. (1973a). Neurophysiological and clinical studies of sensorimotor EEG


biofeedback training: Some effects on epilepsy. Seminars in Psychiatry, 5(4), 507-525.

Sterman, M. B. (1973b). Neurophysiological and clinical studies of sensorimotor EEG


biofeedback training: Some effects on epilepsy. Chapter in L. Birk (Ed.), Biofeedback:
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Sterman, M. B., Macdonald, L. R., & Stone, R. K. (1974). Biofeedback training of the
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Sterman, M. B. (1977). Sensorimotor EEG operant conditioning: Experimental and clinical


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Sterman, M. B., & Macdonald, L. R. (1978). Effects of central cortical EEG feedback
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Sterman, M. B., & Shouse, M. N. (1980). Quantitative analysis of training, sleep EEG and
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Sterman, M. B. (1986). Epilepsy and its treatment with EEG feedback therapy. Annals of
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Sterman, M. B. (1997).The challenge of EEG biofeedback in the treatment of epilepsy: A


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Sterman, M. B. (2000). Basic concepts and clinical findings in the treatment of seizure
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Sterman, M. B., & Lantz, D. (2001). Changes in lateralized memory performance in


subjects with epilepsy following neurofeedback training. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5, 63-
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Sterman, M. B., & Egner, T. (2006). Foundation and practice of neurofeedback for the
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Strehl, U., Trevorrow, T., Veit, R., Hinterberger, T., Kotchoubey, B., Erb, M., & Birbaumer,
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Swingle, P. G. (1998). Neurofeedback treatment of pseudo seizure disorder. Biological


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Tansey, M. A. (1985). The response of a case of petit mal epilepsy to EEG sensorimotor
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Tozzo, C.A., Elfner, L. F., & May Jr., J. G. (1988). Biofeedback and relaxation training in
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Uhlmann, C., & Froscher, W. (2001). Biofeedback treatment in patients with refractory
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Upton, A. R., & Longmere, D. (1975). The effects of feedback on focal epileptic
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Walker, J. E. (2008). Power spectral frequency and coherence abnormalities in patients


with intractable epilepsy and their usefulness in long-term remediation of seizures using
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Walker, J. E., & Kozlowski, G. P. (2005). Neurofeedback treatment of epilepsy. Child &
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Whitsett, S. F., Lubar, J. F., Holder, G. S., et al. (1982). A double-blind investigation of the
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Wyler, A. R., Robbins, C. A., & Dodrill, C. B. (1979). EEG operant conditioning for control
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Zhao, L., Liang, Z., Hu, G., & Wu, W. (2005). Nonlinear analysis in treatment of
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ADD/ADHD, Learning & Developmental Disabilities, & Academic-


Cognitive Enhancement

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Barabasz, A., & Barabasz, M. (1996). Neurotherapy and alert hypnosis in the treatment of
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Boyd, W. D., & Campbell, S. E. (1998). EEG biofeedback in the schools: The use of EEG
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Budzynski, T. H. (1996). Brain brightening: Can neurofeedback improve cognitive


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Carmody, D. P., Radvanski, D. C., Wadhwani, S., Sabo, J. J., & Vergara, L. (2001). EEG
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Carter, J. L., & Russell, H. L. (1991). Changes in verbal performance IQ discrepancy


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Cunningham, M., & Murphy, P. (1981). The effects of bilateral EEG biofeedback on
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Egner, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2004). EEG biofeedback of low beta band components:
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Fehmi, L. G., & Selzer, F. A. (1980). Biofeedback and attention training. Chapter in S.
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Fernandez, T., Herrera, W., Harmony, T., Diaz-Comas, L., Santiago, E., Sanchez, L.,
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Fuchs, T., Birbaumer, N., Lutzenberger, W., Gruzelier, J. H., & Kaiser, J. (2003).
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Addictive Disorders
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Brain Injury, Stroke, Coma, Spasticity, & Cerebral Palsy

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Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2005). Electroencephalogram biofeedback for reading


disability and traumatic brain injury. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, & Autoimmune


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Kayrian, S., Dursun, E., Ermutlu, N., Dursun, N., & Karamursel, S. (2007).
Neurofeedback in fibromyalgia syndrome. The Journal of the Turkish Society of
Algology, 19(3), 47-53.

Mueller, H. H., Donaldson, C. C. S., Nelson, D. V., & Layman, M. (2001). Treatment of
fibromyalgia incorporating EEG-driven stimulation: A clinical outcomes study. Journal of
Clinical Psychology, 57(7), 933-952.

Packard, R. C., & Ham, L. R. (1995). EEG biofeedback in the treatment of Lyme Disease:
A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(3), 22-30.

Tansey, M. A. (1993). Neurofeedback and chronic fatigue syndrome: New findings with
respect to diagnosis and treatment. CFIDS Chronicle, 9, 30-32.

Pain & Headache

Coger, R., & Werbach, M. (1975). Attention, anxiety, and the effects of learned
enhancement of EEG alpha in chronic pain: A pilot study in biofeedback. Chapter in B.
L. Drue, Jr. (Ed.), Pain Research and Treatment. New York: Academic Press.

Gannon, L., & Sternbach, R. A. (1971). Alpha enhancement as a treatment for pain: A
case study. Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 2, 209-213.

Ham, L. P., & Packard, R. C. (1996). A retrospective, follow-up study of biofeedback-


assisted relaxation therapy in patients with posttraumatic headache. Biofeedback &
Self-Regulation, 21(2), 93-104.

Lehmann, D., Lang, W., & Debruyne, P. (1976). Controlled EEG alpha feedback training
in normals and headache patients. Archives of Psychiatry, 221, 331-343.

Matthew, A., Mishm, H., & Kumamiah, V. (1987). Alpha feedback in the treatment of
tension headache. Journal of Personality & Clinical Studies, 3(1), 17-22.
McKenzie, R., Ehrisman, W., Montgomery, P. S., & Barnes, R. H. (1974). The treatment
of headache by means of electroencephalographic biofeedback. Headache, 13, 164-
172.

Jensen, M. P., Grierson, C., Tracy-Smith, V., Bacigalupi, S. C., Othmer, S. (2007).
Neurofeedback treatment for pain associated with complex regional pain syndrome.
Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(1), 45-53.
Pelletier, K. R., & Pepper, E. (1977). Developing a biofeedback model: Alpha EEG
feedback as a means for pain control. International Journal of Clinical & Experimental
Hypnosis, 25, 361-371.
Rosenfeld, J. P., Dowman, R., Heinricher, N., & Silvia, R. (1984). Operantly controlled
somatosensory evoked potentials: Specific effects on pain processes. Chapter in B.
Rockstroh, T. Elbert, W. Lutzenberger, & N. Birbaumer (Eds.), Self-Regulation of the
Brain and Behavior. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 164-179.

Rosenfeld, J. P., Silvia, R., Weitkunat, R., & Dowman, R. (1985). Operant control of
human somatosensory evoked potentials alters experimental pain perception. Chapter
in H. L. Fields, R. Dubner, & F. Cervero (Eds.), Advances in Pain Research and
Therapy, Volume 9: Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress on Pain. New York:
Raven Press, 343-349.

Sime, A. (2004). Case study of trigeminal neuralgia using neurofeedback and peripheral
biofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(1), 59-71.

Siniatchkin, M., Hierundar, A., Kropp, P., Kuhnert, R., Gerber, W-D., & Stephani, U.
(2000). Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in children with migraine: An
exploratory study. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 25(1), 13-32.

Tansey, M. A. (1991). A neurobiological treatment for migraine: The response of four


cases of migraine to EEG biofeedback training. Headache Quarterly: Current
Treatment & Research, 90-96.

Schizophrenia

Gruzelier, J. (2000). Self regulation of electrocortical activity in schizophrenia and


schizotypy: A review. Clinical Electroencephalography, 31(1), 23-29.

Gruzelier, J., Hardman, E., Wild, J., Zaman, R., Nagy, A., & Hirsch, S. (1999). Learned
control of interhemispheric slow potential negativity in schizophrenia. International
Journal of Psychophysiology, 34, 341-348.

Schneider, F., Rockstroh, B., Heimann, H. et al. (1992). Self-regulation of slow cortical
potentials in psychiatric patients: Schizophrenia. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 17,
277-292.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder


Hammond, D. C. (2003). QEEG-guided neurofeedback in the treatment of obsessive
compulsive disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 7(2), 25-52.

Hammond, D. C. (2004). Treatment of the obsessional subtype of obsessive compulsive


disorder with neurofeedback. Biofeedback, 32, 9-12.

Parkinson's Dystonia

Thompson, M., & Thompson, L. (2002). Biofeedback for movement disorders (dystonia
with Parkinson's disease): Theory and preliminary results. Journal of Neurotherapy,
6(4), 51-70.

Tourette's Syndrome

Tansey, M. A. (1986). A simple and a complex tic (Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome):


Their response to EEG sensorimotor rhythm biofeedback training. International Journal
of Psychophysiology, 4(2), 91-97.

Autism
Coben, R., & Pudolsky, I. (2007). Assessment-guided neurofeedback for autistic
spectrum disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(1), 5-23.
Coben, R. (2007). Connectivity-guided neurofeedback for autistic spectrum disorder.
Biofeedback, 35(4), 131-135.
Jarusiewicz, G. (2007). Use of neurofeedback with autistic spectrum disorders. Chapter
in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback. Binghampton, NY: Haworth Medical
Press, pp. 321-339.
Jarusiewicz, B. (2002). Efficacy of neurofeedback for children in the autistic spectrum: A
pilot study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 6(4), 39-49.

Kouijzer, M. E. UJ., de Moor, J. M. H., Gerrits, B. J. L., Buitelaar, J. K., & van Schie, H. T.
(2009). Long-term effects of neurofeedback treatment in autism. Research in Autism
Spectrum Disorders, 3, 496-501.

Pineda, J. A., Brang, D., Futagaki, C., Hecht, E., Grichanik, M., Wood, L., Bacon, M., &
Carey, S. (2007). Effects of neurofeedback training on action comprehension and
imitation learning. Chapter in Puckhaber, H. L. (Ed.), New research in biofeedback.
Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, pp. 133-152.
Pineda JA, Brang D, Hecht E, Edwards L, Carey S, Bacon M, Futagaki C, Suk D, Tom J,
Birnbaum C, Rork A.(2008). Positive behavioral and electrophysiological changes
following neurofeedback training in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum
Disorders 2. 557-581.
Scolnick, B. (2005). Effects of electroencephalogram biofeedback with Aspergers
syndrome. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 28(2), 159-163.

Sichel, A. G., Fehmi, L. G., & Goldstein, D. M. (1995). Positive outcome with
neurofeedback treatment of a case of mild autism. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(1), 60-
64.

Creativity & Optimal Functioning, Cognitive Decline with Aging

Albert, A. O., Andrasik, F., Moore, J. L., & Dunn, B. R. (1998). Theta/beta training for
attention, concentration and memory improvement in the geriatric population. Applied
Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 23(2), 109. Abstract.

Angelakis, E., Stathopoulou, S., Frymiare, J. L., Green, D. L., Lubar, J. F., & Kounios, J.
(2007). EEG neurofeedback: A brief overview and an example of peak alpha frequency
training for cognitive enhancement in the elderly. Clinical Neuropsychology, 21(1), 110-
129.
Boynton, T. (2001). Applied research using alpha/theta training for enhancing creativity
and well-being. Journal of Neurotherapy5(1-2), 5-18.

Budzynski, T., Budzynski, H. K., &l Tang, H-Y. (2007). Brain brightening: restoring the
aging mind. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback. Binghampton,
NY: Haworth Medical Press, pp. 231-265.
Budzynski, T. H. (1996). Brain brightening: Can neurofeedback improve cognitive
process? Biofeedback, 24(2), 14-17.

Egner, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2003). Ecological validity of neurofeedback: Modulation of


slow wave EEG enhances musical performance. NeuroReport, 14(9), 1221-1224.

Egner, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2004). EEG biofeedback of low beta band components:
Frequency-specific effects on variables of attention and event-related brain potentials.
Clinical Neurophysiology, 115, 131-139.

Egner, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2004). The temporal dynamics of electroencephalographic


responses to alpha/theta neurofeedback training in healthy subjects. Journal of
Neurotherapy, 8(1), 43-57.

Gruzelier, J., Egner, T., & Vernon, D. (2006). Validating the efficacy of neurofeedback for
optimising performance. Progress in Brain Research, 159, 421-431.

Gruzelier, J. (2009). A theory of alpha/theta neurofeedback, creative performance


enhancement, long distance functional connectivity and psychological integration.
Cognitive Processing, 10 (Suppl 1), S101-109.

Hanslmayer, S., Sauseng, P., Doppelmayr, M., Schabus, M., & Klimesch, W. (2005).
Increasing individual upper alpha by neurofeedback improves cognitive performance in
human subjects. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 30(1), 1-10.

Hoedlmoser, K., Pecherstorfer, T., Gruber, E., Anderer, P., Doppelmayr, M., Klimesch,
W., & Schabus, M. (2008). Instrumental conditioning of human sensorimotor rhythm
(12-15 Hz) and its impact on sleep as well as declarative learning. Sleep, 31(10),
1401-1408.
Raymond, J., Sajid, I., Parkinson, L. A., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2005). Biofeedback and dance
performance: A preliminary investigation. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback,
30(1), 65-74.

Thompson, T., Steffert, T., Ros, T., Leach, J., & Gruzelier, J. (2008). EEG applications for
sport and performance. Methods, 45, 279-288.

Vernon, D. J. (2005). Can neurofeedback training enhance performance? An evaluation


of the evidence with implications for future research. Applied Psychophysiology &
Biofeedback, 30(4), 347-364.

Asthma

Tansey, M. A. (1992). EEG sensorimotor biofeedback training and the treatment of a six-
year old asthmatic child. American Journal of Clinical Biofeedback, 5,(2), 145-149.

Hypertension

Norris, S. L., Lee, C-T., Burshteyn, D., & Cea-Aravena, J. (2001). The effects of
performance enhancement training on hypertension, human attention, stress, and brain
wave patterns: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(3), 29-44.

Dissociative Disorders

Manchester, C., Allen, T., & Tachiki, K. H. (1998). Treatment of dissociative identity
disorder with neurotherapy and group self-exploration. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2(4),
40-53.

Mason, L. A., & Brownback, T. S. (2001). Optimal functioning training with EEG
biofeedback for clinical populations: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(1-2), 33-
44.

Tinnitus

Busse, lM., Low, Y. F., Corona-Strauss, F. I., & Strauss, D. J. (2008). Neurofeedback by
neural correlates of auditory selective attention as possible application for tinnitus
therapies. Conference Proceedings, IEEE Engineering Medical & Biological Society,
5136-5139.

Dohrmann, K, Weisz, N., Schlee, W., Hartmann, T., & Elbert, T. (2007). Neurofeedback
for treating tinnitus. Chapter in B. Langguth, G. Hajak, T. Kleinjung, A. Cacace, & A. R.
Moller (Eds.). Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 166. London: Elsevier, pp. 473-486.

Gosepath, K., Nafe, B., Ziegler, E., & Mann, W. J. (2001). Neurofeedback training as a
therapy for tinnitus. HNO (German), 49(1), 29-35.

Schenk, S., Lamm, K., Gundel, H., & Ladwig, K. H. (2005). Effects of neurofeedback-
based EEG alpha and EEG beta training in patients with chronically decompensated
tinnitus. HNO (German), 53(1), 29-38.

Weiler, E. W., Brill, K., Tachiki, K. H., & Schneider, D. (2001). Neurofeedback and
quantitative electroencephography. International Journal of Tinnitus, 8(2), 87-93.

Criminals and Juvenile Offenders

Martin, G., & Johnson, C. L. (2005). The Boys Totem Town Neurofeedback Project: A
pilot study of EEG biofeedback with incarcerated juvenile felons. Journal of
Neurotherapy, 9(3), 71-86.

Quirk, D. A. (1995). Composite biofeedback conditioning and dangerous offenders: III.


Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(2), 44-54.

Smith, P. N., & Sams, M. W. (2005). Neurofeedback with juvenile offenders: A pilot study
in the use of QEEG-based and analog-based remedial neurofeedback training. Journal
of Neurotherapy, 9(3), 87-99.

Medical Conditions

Monjezi, S., & Lyle, R. R. (2006). Neurofeedback treatment of type I diabetes mellitus:
Perceptions of quality of life and stabilization of insulin treatmentTwo case studies.
Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(4),17-23.

Montgomery, P. S. (2006). Allergy pattern in the EEG. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(1),


89-92.

Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

Hammond, D. C., Stockdale, S., Hoffman, D., Ayers, M. E., & Nash, J. (2001). Adverse
reactions and potential iatrogenic effects in neurofeedback training. Journal of
Neurotherapy, 4(4), 57-69.

Hammond, D. C., & Kirk, L. (2008). First, do no harm: Adverse effects and the need for
practice standards in neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(1), 79-88.
Lubar, J. F., Shabsin, H. S., Natelson, S. E. et al. (1981). EEG operant conditioning in
intractible epileptics. Archives of Neurology, 38, 700-704.

Lubar, J. F. & Shouse, M. N. (1976). EEG and behavioral changes in a hyperactive child
concurrent with training of the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR): A preliminary report.
Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 1(3), 293-306.

Lubar, J. F., & Shouse, M. N. (1977). Use of biofeedback in the treatment of seizure
disorders and hyperactivity. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 1, 204-251.

Matthews, T. V. (2007). Neurofeedback overtraining and the vulnerable patient. Journal


of Neurotherapy, 11(3), 63-66
Ochs, L. (2007). Comment on neurofeedback overtraining and the vulnerable patient.
Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(3), 67-71.
Whitsett, S. F., Lubar, J. F., Holder, G. S., & Natelson, S. (1982). A double-blind
investigation of the relationship between seizure activity and the sleep EEG following
EEG biofeedback training. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 7, 193-209.

Theoretical-Conceptual, Standards, & Review Articles

Arns, M, de Ridder, S, Strehl, U, Breteler, M, & Coenen, A. (2009). Efficacy of


neurofeedback treatment in ADHD: The effects on inattention, impulsivity and
hyperactivity: A meta-analysis. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience. vol 40(3) 180-189

Abarbanel, A. (1995). Gates, states, rhythms, and resonances: The scientific basis of
neurofeedback training. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(2), 15-38.

Butnik, S. M. (2005). Neurofeedback in adolescents and adults with attention deficit


disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(5), 621-625.

Coben, R., & Myers, T. E. (2008). Connectivity theory of autism: Use of connectivity
measures in assessing and treating autistic disorders. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(2-
3), 161-179.
Collura, T. (2008). Toward a coherent view of brain connectivity. Journal of
Neurotherapy, 12(2-3), 99-110.
Egner, T., Zech, T. F., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2004). The effects of neurofeedback training on
the spectral topography of the electroencephalogram. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115,
2452-2460.

Egner, T., & Sterman, M. B. (2006). Neurofeedback treatment of epilepsy: From basic
rationale to practical application. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 6(2), 247-257.

Fehmi, L. G., & Collura, T. (2007). Effects of electrode placement upon EEG biofeedback
training: The monopolar-bipolar controversy. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(2), 45-63.
Fehmi, L. G. (2007). Multichannel EEG phase synchrony training and verbally guided
attention training for disorders of attention. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of
Neurofeedback. Binghampton, NY: Haworth Medical Press, pp. 301-319.
Fehmi, L. G., & Sundor, A. (1989). The effects of electrode placement upon EEG
biofeedback training: The monopolar-bipolar controversy. International Journal of
Psychosomatics, 36(1-4), 23-33.

Fox, D. J., Tharp, D. F., & Fox, L. C. (2005). Neurofeedback: An alternative and
efficacious treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Applied
Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 30(4), 365-274.

Gruzelier, J., & Egner, T. (2005). Critical validation studies of neurofeedback. Child &
Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 83-104.

Gruzelier, J. (2009). A theory of alpha/theta neurofeedback, creative performance


enhancement, long distance functional connectivity and psychological integration.
Cognitive Processing, 10 (Suppl 1), S101-109.

Hammond, D. C., Walker, J., Hoffman, D., Lubar, J. F., Trudeau, D., Gurnee, R., &
Horvat, J. (2004). Standards for the use of quantitative electroencephalography
(QEEG) in neurofeedback: A position paper of the International Society for Neuronal
Regulation. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(1), 5-27.

Hammond, D. C. (2005). Temporal lobes and their importance in neurofeedback.


Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(1), 67-87.

Hammond, D. C. (2006). What is neurofeedback? Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(4), 25-


36.
Hammond, D. C. (2007). Comprehensive neurofeedback bibliography: 2007 update.
Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(3), 45-60.
Heinrich, H., Gevensleben, H., & Strehl, U. (2007). Annotation: NeurofeedbackTrain
your brain to train behaviour. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 3-16
Hirshberg, L. M. (2007). Place of electroencephalographic biofeedback for attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 7(4), 315-319.

Holtmann, M., Stadler, C., Leins, U., Strehl, U., Birbaumer, N.,& Poustka, F. (2004).
Neurofeedback for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in
childhood and adolescence. Zeitschrift fur Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie und
Psychotherapie, 32(3), 187-200.

Horvat, J. J. (2007). Coherence and the quirks of coherence/phase training: A clinical


perspective. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback. Binghampton,
NY: Haworth Medical Press, pp. 213-227.
Joffe, D. (2008). Connectivity assessment and training: A partial directed coherence
approach. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12(2-3), 111-122.
Kaiser, D. A. (2006). What is quantitative EEG? Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(4), 25-
36.
Kaiser, D. A. (2008). Functional connectivity and aging: Comodulation and coherence
differences. Journal of Neurotherapy, 12()2-3), 123-139.
Kirk, L. (2007). Neurofeedback protocols for subtypes of attention deficit/hyperactivity
disorder. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback. Binghampton,
NY: Haworth Medical Press, pp. 267-299.
Lubar, J. F. (1991). Discourse on the development of EEG diagnostics and biofeedback
for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 16(3), 201-
225.
Lubar, J. F. (1997). Neocortical dynamics: Implications for understanding the role of
neurofeedback and related techniques for the enhancement of attention. Applied
Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 22(2), 111-126.

Lubar, J. F. (2003). Neurofeedback for the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity


disorders. Chapter in M. S. Schwartz & F. Andrasik (Eds.), Biofeedback: A
Practitioner's Guide (Third Edition). New York, Guilford, 409-437.

Monastra, V. J. (2003). Clinical applications of electroencephalographic biofeedback.


Chapter in M. S. Schwartz & F. Andrasik (Eds.), Biofeedback: A Practitioner's Guide
(Third Edition). New York, Guilford, 438-463.

Monastra, V. J. (2005). Electroencephalographic biofeedback (neurotherapy) as a


treatment for attention deficit disorder: Rational and empirical foundation. Child &
Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 53-82.

Monastra, V. J., Lynn, S., Linden, M., Lubar, J. F., Gruzelier, J., & LaVaque, T. J. (2005).
Electroencephalograpic biofeedback in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 30(2), 95-114.

Nelson, L. A. (2003). Neurotherapy and the challenge of empirical support: A call for a
neurotherapy practice research network. Journal of Neurotherapy, 7(2), 53-67.

Othmer, S. F., & Othmer, S. (2007). Interhemispheric EEG training: Clinical experience
and conceptual models. Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback.
Binghampton, NY: Haworth Medical Press, pp. 109-135.
Othmer, S. (2005). Interhemispheric EEG training. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(2), 87-96.

Pineda, J. A., Silverman, D. S., Vankov, A., & Hestenes, J. (2003). Learning to control
brain rhythms: making a brain-computer interface possible. Neural Systems &
Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Transactions, 11(2), 181-184.

Rossiter, T. R. (2004). The effectiveness of neurofeedback and stimulant drugs in


treating AD/HD: Part I. Review of methodological issues. Applied Psychophysiology &
Biofeedback, 29(2), 135-140.

Sams, M. W., (1995). Mathematically derived frequency correlates in cerebral function:


Theoretical and clinical implications for neurofeedback treatment. Journal of
Neurotherapy, 1(2), 1-14.

Stankus, T. (2008). Can the brain be trained? Comparing the literature on the use of
EEG biofeedback/neurofeedback as an alternative or complementary therapy for
attention deficit disorder (ADHD). Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 26(4), 20-56.
Sterman, M. B., & Egner, T. (2006). Foundation and practice of neurofeedback for the
treatment of epilepsy. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 31(1), 21-36.

Strehl, U. (2009) Slow cortical potentials neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy,


13(2), 117-126.
Strehl, U., Leins, U., Goth, G., Klinger, C., Hinterberger, T., and Birbaumer, N. (2006).
Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials: A new treatment for children with attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 118, 1530-1540.

Strehl, U., Trevorrow, T., Veit, R., Hinterberger, T., Kotchoubey, B., Erb, M., & Birbaumer,
N. (2006). Deactivation of brain areas during self-regulation of slow cortical potentials
in seizure patients. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 31(1), 85-94.

Tan G, Thornby J, Hammond DC, Strehl U, Canady B, Arnemann K, & Kaiser DA


(2009/in press). Meta-analysis of EEG biofeedback in treating epilepsy. Clinical EEG
and Neuroscience, 40 (3).

Thatcher, R. W. (2008). Z-score EEG biofeedback: Conceptual foundations.


NeuroConnections Newsletter, April 2008, 9, 11, 20. San Rafael, California; ISNR
Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2009). Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: QEEG
biofeedback treatment protocols. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 34, 59-68.

Vernon, D., Frick, A., & Gruzelier, J. (2004). Neurofeedback as a treatment for ADHD: A
methodological review with implications for future research. Journal of Neurotherapy,
8(2), 53-82.

Walker, J. (2004). A neurologists advice for mental health professionals on the use of
QEEG and neurofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(2), 97-103.

Walker, J. E., Kozlowski, G. P., & Lawson, R. (2007). A modular activation/coherence


approach to evaluating clinical/QEEG correlations and for guiding neurofeedback
training: Modular insufficiencies, modular excesses, disconnections, and
hyperconnnections. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(1), 25-44.

Slow Cortical Potential Neurofeedback

Birbaumer, N., Elbert, T., Canavan, A. G. M., & Rockstroh, B. (1990). Slow potentials of
the cerebral cortex and behavior. Physiological Reviews, 70, 1-41.

Birbaumer, N., Roberts, L. E., Lutzenberger, W., Rockstroh, B., & Elbert, T. (1992). Area-
specific self-regulation of slow cortical potentials on the saggital midline and its effects
on behavior. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 84 353-361.

Doehnert, M. Brandeis, D., Straub, M., Steinhausen, H. C., & Drechsler, R. (2008). Slow
cortical potential neurofeedback in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Is there
neurophysiological evidence for specific effects? Journal of Neural Transmission, 115,
1445-1456.

Drechsler R, Straub M, Doehnert M, Heinrich H, Steinhausen H, Brandeis D. (2007).


Controlled evaluation of a neurofeedback training of slow cortical potentials in children
with ADHD. Behavioral & Brain Functions, 3, 35.
Elbert, T. (1980). Biofeedback of slow cortical potentials. Part I. Journal of
Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 48, 293-301.

Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., Rockstroh, B., & Birbaumer, N. (1983). When regulation of
slow brain potentials fails BA contribution to the psychophysiology of perceptual
aberration and anhedonia. Advances in Biological Psychiatry, 13, 98-106.

Gani C, Birbaumer N & Strehl U.(2008). Long term effects after feedback of slow cortical
potentials and of theta-beta amplitudes in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder(ADHD).
International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism, 10(4), 209-232.

Kotchoubey, B., Schleichert, H., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. (1997). A new method
for self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in a timed paradigm. Applied
Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 22(2), 77-93.

Kropp, P., Siniatchkin, M., & Gerber, W. D. (2002). On the pathophysiology of migraine:
Links for Aempirically based treatment@ with neurofeedback. Applied
Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 27(3), 203-213.

Leins, U., Goth, G., Hinterberger, T., Klinger, C., Rumpf, N., & Strehl, U. (2007).
Neurofeedback for children with ADHD: A comparison of SCP and theta/beta protocols.
Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 32(2), 73-88.
Roberts, L. E., Birbaumer, N., Rockstroh, B., Lutzenberger, W., & Elbert, T. (1989). Self-
report during feedback regulation of slow cortical potentials. Psychophysiology, 26(4),
392-403.

Rockstroh, B. (1987). Operant control of slow brain potentials. Chapter in J. N. Hengtgen,


D. Hellhammer, & G. Huppmann (Eds.), Advanced Methods in Psychobiology. C. H.
Hogrefe, pp. 179-190.

Rockstroh, B., Birbaumer, N., Elbert, T., & Lutzenberger, W. (1984). Operant control of
spontaneous EEG, evoked potentials and slow potentials of the brain. Biofeedback &
Self-Regulation, 9(2), 139-160.

Rockstroh, B., Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. (1982). The effects of slow
cortical potentials on response speed. Psychophysiology, 19, 211-217.

Siniatchkin, M., Kropp, P., & Gerber, W-D. (2000). Neurofeedback: The significance of
reinforcement and the search for an appropriate strategy for the success of self-
regulation. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 25(3), 167-175.

LENS: Low Energy Neurofeedback System

Cripe, C. T. (2006). Effective use of LENS unit as an adjunct to cognitive neuro-


developmental training. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(2-3), 79-87.

Donaldson, C. C. S., Sella, G. E., & Mueller, H. H. (1998). Fibromyalgia: A retrospective


study of 252 consecutive referrals. Canadian Journal of Clinical Medicine, 5 (6), 116-127.

Esty, M. L. (2006). Reflections on FMS treatment, research, and neurotherapy: Cautionary


tales. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(2-3), 63-68.

Hammond, D. C. (Ed.). LENS: The Low Energy Neurofeedback System. Binghampton, NY:
Haworth Medical Press.

Hammond, D. C. (2007). Can LENS neurofeedback treat anosmia resulting from a head
injury? Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(1), 57-62.

Kravitz, H. M., Esty, M. L., Katz, R. S., & Fawcett, J. (2006). Treatment of fibromyalgia
syndrome using low-intensity neurofeedback with the Flexyx Neurotherapy System: A
randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(2-3), 41-58.

Larsen, S. (2006). The healing power of neurofeedback. Rochester, VT: The Healing Arts
Press.

Larsen, S., Harrington, K., & Hicks, S. (2006). The LENS (Low Energy Neurofeedback
System): A clinical outcomes study of one hundred patients at Stone Mountain Center,
New York. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(2-3), 69-78.

Larsen, S., Larsen, R., Hammond, D. C., Sheppard, S., Ochs, L., Johnson, S., Adinaro, C.,
& Chapman, C. (2006). The LENS neurofeedback with animals. Journal of
Neurotherapy, 10(2-3), 89-104.

Mueller, H. H., Donaldson, C. C. S., Nelson, D. V., & Layman, M. (2001). Treatment of
fibromyalgia incorporating EEG-driven stimulation: A clinical outcomes study. Journal of
Clinical Psychology, 57(7), 933-952.

Ochs, L. (2006). The Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS): Theory, background,
and introduction. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(2-3), 5-39.

Ochs, L. (2006). Comment on the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome using low-intensity


neurofeedback with the Flexyx Neurotherapy System: A randomized controlled clinical
trial, or how to go crazy over nearly nothing. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(2-3), 59-61.

Schoenberger, N. E., Shiflett, S. C., Esty, M. L., Ochs, L., & Matheis, R. J. (2001). Flexyx
neurotherapy system in the treatment of traumatic brain injury: An initial evaluation.
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 16(3), 260-274.

Hemoencephalography (HEG)

Carmen, J. A. (2004). Passive infrared hemoencephalography: Four years and 100


migraines. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(3), 23-51.

Coben, R., & Pudolsky, I. (2007). Infrared imaging and neurofeedback: Initial reliability
and validity. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(3), 3-13.
Friedes, D., & Aberbach, L. (2003). Exploring hemispheric differences in infrared brain
emissions. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(3), 53-61.

Mize, W. (2004). HemoencephalographyA new therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity


disorder (ADHD): Case report. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(3), 77-97.

Sherrill, R. (2004). Effects of hemoencephalography (HEG) training at three prefrontal


locations using EEG ratios at Cz. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(3), 63-76.

Toomim, H., Mize, W., Kwong, P. C., Toomim, M., Marsh, R., Kozlowski, G. P., Kimball,
M., & Remond, A. (2004). Intentional increase of cerebral blood oxygenation using
hemoencephalography (HEG). Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(3), 5-21.

LORETA Neurofeedback
Cannon, R., & Lubar, J. (2007). EEG spectral power and coherence: Differentiating
effects of spatial-specific neuro-operant learning (SSNOL) utilizing LORETA
neurofeedback training in the anterior cingulate and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal
cortices. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(3), 25-44.

Cannon, R., Lubar, J., Congedo, M., Thornton, K., Towler, K., & Hutchens, T. (2007).
The effects of neurofeedback training in the cognitive division of the anterior cingulate
gyrus. International Journal of Neuroscience, 117(3), 337-357.

Cannon, R., Lubar, J., Gerke, A., Thornton, K., Hutchens, T., & McCammon, V. (2006).
EEG spectral-power and coherence: LORETA neurofeedback training in the anterior
cingulate gyrus. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(1), 5-31.

Congedo, M., & Joffe, D. (2007). Multichannel tomographic neurofeedback: Wave of the
future? Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback. Binghampton, NY:
Haworth Medical Press, pp. 85-107.
Congedo, M., Lubar, J. F., & Joffe, D. (2004). Low-resolution electromagnetic
tomography neurofeedback. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems & Rehabilitation
Engineering, 12(4), 387-397.

Z-Score Neurofeedback Training

Collura, T. F. (2008). Whole-head normalization using live Z-scores for connectivity


training, Part 1. NeuroConnections, April 2008, 12, 15, 18-19. San Rafael, California;
ISNR
Smith, M. (2008). A father finds a solution: Z-score training. NeuroConnections
Newsletter, April 2008, 22, 24-25. San Rafael, California; ISNR
Thatcher, R. W. (2008). Z-score EEG biofeedback: Conceptual foundations.
NeuroConnections Newsletter, April 2008, 9, 11, 20. San Rafael, California; ISNR

Disclaimer: All articles, documents and publications mentioned by or linked by this site or hosted at this site have
been provided by The International Society for Neurofeedback and Research (ISNR) as a public service. There is
absolutely no endorsement by ISNR of any statement made in any of these documents, articles, or publications.
Expect to see differences of opinion between authors. That is the essence of free and open scientific study.
Last Updated CRK 12/02/09

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