10/25/2012
Session 3: Analog Circuits
Ideal Amplifiers
voltage/current/power
amplification
non-ideal amplifiers
biasing
types of amplifiers
1
1. Lab
2. Power
Outline 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
Amplifier
1
10/25/2012
1. Lab
2. Power
Amplifier 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
Audio Amplifier:
Output voltage of a sensor Amplifier Process
2-port Network
1. Lab
2. Power
Amplifier 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
Ideal amplifier
10 20
100 40
1 0
3
3
10 log
20 log
20 log
Note: There is a difference between
Amplifier and Transformer
? Where is the source of this extra power? 4
2
10/25/2012
1. Lab
2. Power
Amplifier - Efficiency 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
"
"#
% "# "
%
%
"$ %
" "$
&'( "
Conservation of energy:
)* +,,-. " # % " $ %
/ )* -0) / )++,01)
" % / " %
-0)
2
)*
Efficiency
-0)
100%
)*
5
1. Lab
2. Power
Efficiency : Example 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
"
"# % ", 910"
% 9.5;
% 9.5;
1< sin @A 9< sin @A
% 0.1BC sin @A 1DE
"$
"
&'(
9 19.1)7
9BC sin @A
90 39.1)7
9 9B
-0) FB+ FB+ 40.5BG
2 2
810 29.1)7
1 0.1B
FB+ FB+ 0.05BG
2 2
-0)
)* 10 9.5 2 0.05BG 2 100% 21.3%
)*
)++ )* / -0) 149.6BG
6
3
10/25/2012
1. Lab
2. Power
Non-ideal Amplifier 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
K"L
rail-to-rail OpAmp J9 " 9
1 ~0.5
< < "#
J#
Output
voltage
K;"L
swing
J$
"$
distortion
OPQ RCS TU J$ J#
J$ N N J# V N N W
You have heard distortion in
Audio amplifier!
Input voltage swing for
linear amplification 7
1. Lab
Nonlinear Transfer Function 2. Power
3. Ser/Parl
Biasing 4. Small sig.
5. Applic
"[[
"#
J#
"
J$
0 A
Y
Z
bias point
"
4
10/25/2012
1. Lab
Nonlinear Transfer Function 2. Power
3. Ser/Parl
Biasing 4. Small sig.
5. Applic
"[[
"#
J#
_a "_ / VAW VAW
` _a \]^
\]^ "\ /
VAW
"_
J$
0
" "
VCC=10V
Coupling Capacitance
"_ 0
0 " "dd
R1
/
"
"_ "
vout
c
"_ "
0 b VAW ~ R2
A " /
b VAW
9
1. Lab
2. Power
Voltage Amplifier 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
e "[[
'fA
+ +
"e "
"g" "'fA J
_a \]^
- -
" "
J
<\
" "
Open circuit: open circuit voltage gain
" ." " "+ + if
/ + +
Ideal case
"
< " "
< " if 0
/
Ideal case
"
< V WV W
"+ / / +
Generally:
"
<
"+
Ideal case:
10
5
10/25/2012
1. Lab
2. Power
Current Amplifier 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
'fA
+ +
%e e 'fA J
%e
- -
J 0
_+
Short circuit: short circuit current gain
j
.% %+ + if 0
/ + +
Ideal case
_+
_+ if Ideal case
/
j
_+ V WV W
%+ / / +
Generally:
_+
%+
Ideal case:
11
1. Lab
2. Power
Trance-Conductance Amplifier 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
e 'fA
+
k;" +
"e " 'fA J
- -
J 0 kB $
" "
Short circuit: short circuit Trance-conductance
" ." " "+ + if
/ + +
Ideal case
kB " kB " if Ideal case
/
kB V WV W
"+ / / +
Generally:
kB
"+
Ideal case:
12
6
10/25/2012
1. Lab
2. Power
Trance-Resistance Amplifier 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
'fA
+ +
e B "'fA J
%e
- -
" "
J B
Short circuit: open circuit Trans-resistance
j
.% %+ + if 0
/ + +
Ideal case
" B " B if 0
/
Ideal case
" j
B V WV W
%+ / / +
Generally:
"
B
%+
Ideal case:
13
1. Lab
2. Power
Amplifiers 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
Voltage
'fA Ideal:
"
Amplifier
< Y
"
+ +
"
"g" "'fA OPQ R 0
- -
open circuit voltage gain
'fA
Current
Amplifier
%e 'fA
_+ Y 0
<
OPQ R
short circuit current gain
'fA
Trance-Conductance
kB Y
Amplifier
k;"
+
" <
" OPQ R
'fA
- short circuit Trans-conductance
Trance-Resistance
'fA "
B Y
Amplifier
0
OPQ R 0
+
B "'fA
-
open circuit Trans-resistance
14
7
10/25/2012
1. Lab
2. Power
Practical Consideration 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
"dd 10"
e 1m 1"
+ +
" 10
- -
100"
15
1. Lab
Practical Consideration: 2. Power
3. Ser/Parl
Input / Output Resistance 4. Small sig.
5. Applic
0.5"
" "
1" e 'fA
"
+ +
"e "
"g" "'fA J
- -
1
" 1m
j 1m "
" / 1m 1
"
Point: You need to make sure circuit is in
How about ? its linear operation regime
J
'fA 'fA 0.5"
1"
+ +
"g" "'fA
"g" "'fA J
- -
16
8
10/25/2012
1. Lab
2. Power
Amplifier Frequency Response 3. Ser/Parl
4. Small sig.
5. Applic
VCC=10V Coupling
Coupling
Capacitance VCC=10V
Capacitance
R1
VAW
c
vout
b VAW ~ c VAW ~
R2
A " sin @A A " sinV@A / nW
Transfer Function: o @
"
oV@W
" 3
Amplitude in dB
Half
power Band Width
oV@W n
@
@ @q
Phase
17
