workshop

manual for
4.108 4.107 and 4.99
diesel engines

Perkins Engines Limited

Peterborough England

1983
All Rights Reserved

Publication No. 601 SER 0383 1072

This publication supersedes the previous edition numbered 601 SER 12771072

This publication is written for world wide use. In territories where legal requirements govern smoke emission,
noise, safety factors etc., then all instructions, data and dimensions given must be applied in such a way that,
after servicing (preventive maintenance) or repairing an engine, it does not contravene the local regulations
in use.

Published by the Technical Publications Department of Perkins Engines Ltd. and Printed in England by Warners (Midlands) pic
 Page 2

I PERKINS COMPANIES
I AUSTRALIA Perkins Engines Australia Pty. Ltd.
Suite 2, 364 Main Street, Mornington 3931, Victoria, Australia.
I Telephone: 597 51877. Telex: Perkoil AA30816. Fax: 597 58793.

I FRANCE Moteurs Perkins S.A.

9-11 Avenue Michelet, 93583 Saint Ouen, Cedex, France.
I Telephone: (1) 40104200. Telex: 642924F. Fax: (1) 40104245.

I GERMANY Perkins Motoren G.m.b.H.

8752 Kleinostheim, Postfach 1180, West Germany.
I Telephone: Kleinostheim 6027 5010. Telex: 4188869A PER D.
Fax: 6027 501124.
I ITALY Motori Perkins S.p.A.
I Via Soc rate 8, 22070 Casnate con Bernate (Como), Italy.
Telephon: (031) 452332. Telex: 380658 Perkit I. Fax: (031) 452335.

I JAPAN Massey Ferguson Perkins Engines K.K.

Reinanzaka Building, 6th Floor, 14-2 Akasaka, 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107, Japan.
I Telephone: (03) 5867377. Telex: Perkoil J2424823. Fax: (03) 582-1596.

I SINGAPORE Perkins Engines Asia Pacific,

4 Kian Teck Drive, Singapore 2262.
I Telephone: 2656333/2653223. Telex Perkoil RS37729. Fax: 2641188.

I UNITED KINGDOM Perkins Engines Limited,

Eastfield, Peterborough, PE1 5NA, England.
I Telephone: (0733) 67474. Telex 32501 Perken G. Fax: (0733) 582240.

I Perkins Engines (Shrewsbury) Limited,

Sentinel Works, Shrewsbury SY1 4DP, England.
I Telephone: (0743) 52262. Telex: 35171/2 PESL G. Fax: (0743) 69911.

I U.S.A. Perkins Engines Inc.,

1700 Bellemeade Court, Lawrenceville, Georgia 30245, U.S.A.
Telephone: 404 822 3000. Telex: 544141 Perken Law. Fax: 4048223006.
I Perkins Engines Latin America Inc.,
I Suite 620,999 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, Coral Gables, Florida 33134, U.S.A.
Telephone: 305 442 7413. Telex: 32501 Perken G. Fax: 305 442 7419.

In addition to the above, there are Perkins distributors in most countries. Perkins Engines Ltd., Peterborough or one of the above
companies can give details.
 Page 3

FOREWORD
This workshop manual has been compiled for use in conjunction with normal workshop practice.
Mention of certain accepted practices therefore, has been purposely omitted in order to avoid
repetition.

Reference to renewing joints and cleaning off joint faces has to a great extent been omitted from
the text, it being understood that this will be carried out where applicable.
Similarly, it is understood that in reassembly and inspection, all parts are to be thoroughly
cleaned and where present, burrs and scale are to be removed.
It follows that any open ports of high precision components, e.g., fuel injection equipment, ex-
posed by dismantling, will be blanked off until reassembled, to prevent the ingress of foreign
matter.
: When setscrews or studs are fitted into holes which are tapped through into the inside of
: the engine, a suitable sealant must be used on the threads.

Throughout this manual, whenever the "left" or "right" hand side of the engine is referred to, it is
that side of the engine as viewed from the flywheel end.

The engine number is stamped on the fuel pump mounting flange as shown in the above
illustration.
Three systems of engine numbering have been used.
On very early engines the serial number consisted of seven digits as follows : -
Engine Type Typical Engine Number
4.108 7300269
4.107 7100399
4.99 7000251
Identification on these engines can be identified by cbserving the first two figures of the engine
number which remain constant depending on engine type.
With later engines, the number consisted of figures and letters
Engine Type Typical Engine Number
4.108 108U251
4.107 107U251
4.99 99U251
The first figures represent the capacity of the engine in cubic inches, the letter "U" signifies that
the engine was built in the United Kingdom and the last group of figures comprises the engine
serial number.
On current engines, the number can consist of up to fifteen letters and figures, a typical number
being ED21512U510256D
 Page4 ~ Safety precautions

THESE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ARE IMPORTANT. Reference must also be made to the local
regulations in the country of operation.

Do not use these engines in marine applications.

Do not change the specification of the engine.

Do not smoke when you put fuel in the tank.

Clean away any fuel which has fallen and move material which has fuel contamination to a safe
place.

Do not put fuel in the tank during engine operation (unless really necessary).

Never clean, lubricate or adjust the engine during operation (unless you have had the correct
training when extreme caution must be used to prevent injury).

Do not make any adjustments you do not understand.

Ensure the engine is not in a position to cause a concentration of toxic emissions.

Persons in the area must be kept clear during engine and equipment or vehicle operation.

Do not permit loose clothing or long hair near parts which move.

Keep away from parts which turn during operation. Note that fans can not be seen clearly while
the engine is run.

Do not run the engine with any safety guards removed.

Do not remove the radiator cap while the engine is hot and the coolant is under pressure as
dangerous hot coolant can be discharged.

Do not use salt water in the cooling system or any other coolant which can cause corrosion.

Keep sparks or fire away from batteries (especially during charge) or combustion can occur.
The battery fluid can burn and is also dangerous to the skin and especially the eyes.

Disconnect the battery terminals before you make a repair to the electrical system.

Only one person must be in control of the engine.

Ensure the engine is only operated from the control panel or operators position.

If your skin comes into contact with high pressure fuel, get medical assistance immediately.

Diesel fuel can cause skin damage to some persons. Use protection on the hands (gloves or
special skin protection solutions).

Do not move equipment unless the brakes are in good condition.

Ensure that the transmission drive control is in "Out of Drive" position before the engine is
started.

Fit only correct Perkins Parts.

 Page 5

CONTENTS

ENGINE VIEWS A

TECHNICAL DATA B

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE C

FAULT FINDING D

CYLINDER HEAD E

PISTONS AND CONNECTING RODS F

CYLINDER BLOCK AND LINERS G

CRANKSHAFT AND MAIN BEARINGS H

TIMING CASE AND DRIVE J

TIMING K

LUBRICATING SYSTEM L

COOLING SYSTEM M

AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM N

FLYWHEEL AND HOUSING P

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Q

ENGINES FOR REFRIGERATION UNITS R

APPROVED LUBRICATING OILS Appendix

APPROVED SERVICE TOOLS

INDEX
Page 6

EXAMPLES OF SERVICE FACILITIES

Service
If any problems occur with your engine or the components fitted to it, your Perkins distributor
can make the necessary repairs and will ensure that only the correct parts are fitted and that the
work is done correctly.
Certain components can be supplied by your Perkins distributor through the Perkins Power
exchange system. These will enable you to red uce the cost of some repairs.

Extended Warranty
The engine warranty period can be extended to two years. For details, get in contact with your
nearest Perkins distributor.

Service Literature
Users handbooks and other service publications are available from your Perkins distributor at a
nominal cost.

Training
Local training on correct engine operation, overhaul and service is available at some Perkins
distributors. If special training is needed, your Perkins distributor can give details on how to
get this at the Product Education Department, Peterborough, or other main centres.
 SECTION A
Engine Views
ENGINE VIEWS-A.2

Index to Engine Views

Dynamo Pulley

2 Water Pump Pulley

3 Water Outlet

4 Exhaust Manifold

5 Breather

6 Atomiser

7 Thermostat Housing

8 Fuel Injection Pump

9 Starter Motor

10 Lubricating Oil Filter

11 Timing Pin

12 Crankshaft Pulley

13 Timing Case

14 Fan Belt

15 Water Pump

16 Cylinder Head Cover

17 Fuel Oil Filter

18 Starting Aid

19 Induction Manifold

20 Oil Filter

21 Dipstick

22 Dynamo

23 W?ter Inlet

24 Lubricating Oil Pump Locating Setscrew

25 Lubricating Oil

26 Sump Drain Plug

27 Flywheel Housing

28 Cylinder Block Drain Tap

29 Fuel Lift Pump

 ENGINE VIEWS-A.3

2 3 4 5

-----7

VIEW OF FUEL PUMP SIDE OF ENGINE

ENGINE VIEWS-A.4

1 17 1 20

VIEW OF CAMSHAFT SIDE OF ENGINE

 SECTION B
Technical Data
Engine Data

4.108 and 4.107 4.99

Bore (nominal- See Page B.3) ... 3.125 in (79,37 mm) 3.00 in (76,2 mm)
Stroke ... 3.5 in (88,9 mm) 3.5 in (88,9 mm)
No. of Cylinders Four Four
Cubic Capacity ... 107.4 in 3 (1,760 litre) 99 in 3 (1,621 litre)
Compression Ratio 22:1 20:1
Firing Order 1,3,4,2. 1, 3, 4, 2.
Cycle '" Four-Stroke Four-Stroke
Combustion System Indirect Injection Indirect Injection
Engine Rotation ... Clockwise viewed from Clockwise viewed from
front front

Rating Details
4.99 4.107 4.108
Maximum Gross Rated Output 48 bhp (37 kW) 41 bhp (30,6 kW) 55 bhp (41 kW)
at 4000 rev/min at 3000 rev/min at 4000 rev/min
Maximum Gross Torque Output 73 Ibf ft (10,1 kgf m) 79 Ibf ft (10,9 kgf m) 83 Ibf ft (11,5 kgf m)
at 2250 rev/min at 1900 rev/min at 2200 rev/min

Engine Weights, Dry

Approx. dry weight, bare engine, i.e. complete with fuel injection equipment, pressed steel oil sump, dynamo, water
pump, but not including starter motor, air cleaner, fan, flywheel or flywheel housing: 330 Ib (150 kg).

Typical dry weight, engine with all accessories: 450 Ib (204 kg).

Where engines are called upon to operate in rarefied atmospheres occasioned by altitude, such engines should be
de-rated.

The following table is given as a general guide, which may be applied on a percentage basis, where specific figures
for a particular engine rating are not available.

Altitude Maximum fuel delivery de-rating*

0- 2,000 feet ( 600 metre) No change
2,000- 4,000 feet (1,200 metre) 6%
4,000- 6,000 feet (1,800 metre) 12%
6,000- 8,000 feet (2,400 metre) 18%
8,000-10,000 feet (3,000 metre) 24%
10,000-12,000 feet (3,600 metre) 30%

* Measured at setting speed given in pump setting code.

Any necessary adjustments in this respect to the fuel pump should be carried 01.11 by the C.A.V. dealer or Perkins
Distributor for the territory concerned.
For any further information apply to Technical Services Department, Perkins Engines Limited, Peterborough or to one
of the Perkins Companies listed on Page 2.
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.2

Recommended Torque Tensions

The following torque figures will apply with the components lightly oiled before assembly:-

4.107 and 4.99 4.108

Ibf ft kgf m Nm Ibf ft kgf m Nm
Cylinder Head Nuts 42 5,81 57 60 8,3 81
Connecting Rod Setscrews 42 5,81 57 42 5,81 57
* Main Bearing Setscrews 85 11,5 115 85 11,5 115
Flywheel Setscrews 60 8,3 81 60 8,3 81
Idler Gear Hub Setscrews 36 4,98 49 36 4,98 49
Crankshaft Pulley Setscrew-1.56 in (39,6 mm) long 150 20,7 203 150 20,7 203
with 1.875 in (47,6 mm) dia. washer
Crankshaft Pulley Setscrew -1.68 in (42,7 mm) long 190 26,3 250
with 1.75 in (44,6 mm) dia. washer (Cadmium Plated)
Crankshaft Pulley Setscrew (Phosphated) 230 31,5 310
Atomiser Securing Nuts . , . 12 1,7 16 12 1,7 16
High Pressure Fuel Pipe Nuts 15 2,1 20 15 2,1 20
Dynamo Pulley Retaining Nut 20 2,8 27 20 2,8 27
Alternator Pulley Retaining Nut 30 4,1 41 30 4,1 41
Thermostart Unit 10 1,38 13 10 1,38 13
Thermostart Insulating Adaptor 10 1,38 13 10 1,38 13

*The tab and shim washers may be discarded where used on earlier engines, but the setscrews must be tightened
to the torque loading indicated.

Service Wear Limits

The following "wear limits" indicate the condition when it is recommended that the respective items should be servicec
or replaced.

Cylinder Head Bow Longitud inal 0.006 in (0,15 mm)

Cylinder Head Bow Transverse 0.003 in (0,08 mm) concave
0.005 in (0,13 mm) convex
Maximum Bore Wear (when new liners are necessary) 0.006 in (0,15mm)
Crankshaft Main and Big End Journal Wear 0.001 in (0,03 mm)
Crankshaft Main and Big End Journal Ovality 0.0005 in (0,01 mm)
Maximum Crankshaft End Float 0.020 in (0,51 mm)
Valve Stem to Guide Clearance inlet 0.005 in (0,13 mm)
Valve Stem to Guide Clearance exhaust 0.006 in (0,15 mm)
Valve Head Thickness at outer edge 0.025 in (0,64 mm)
Rocker Clearance on Shaft 0.005 in (0,13mm)
Camshaft Journals Ovality and Wear 0.002 in (0,05 mm)
Camshaft End Float 0.020 in (0,51 mm)
Idler Gear End Float 0.010 in (0,25 mm)
*Valve Head Depth below Head Face-inlet and exhaust 0.048 in (1,22 mm)

*Where vehicle engines have to conform with the smoke density regulation B.S.AU 141 a: 1971, then the valve depths
must not exceed production limits as given on page B.8.

Manufacturing Data and Dimensions

The data regarding clearances and tolerances are given for personnel engaged upon major overhauls.
Further information can be obtained on request from the Technical Services Department, Perkins Engines Ltd.,
Peterborough.

CYLINDER BLOCK
Total Height of Cylinder Block
between Top & Bottom Faces 4.108,4.107,4.99 9.936/9.939 in (252,374/252,451 mm)
Parent Bore Dia. for Cylinder Liner 4.108 3.249/3.250 in (82,525/82,550 mm)
Parent Bore Dia. for Cylinder Liner 4.107,4.99 Wet Liners
Main Bearing Parent Bore 4.108,4.107,4.99 2.3950/2.3955 in (60,833/60,846 mm)
Camshaft Bore Dia. No.1 4.108,4.107,4.99 1.794/1.7955 in (45,568/45,606 mm)
Camshaft Bore Dia. No.2 4.108,4.107,4.99 1.78411.787 in (45,314/45,390 mm)
Camshaft Bore Dia. No.3 4.108,4.107,4.99 1.776/1.778 in (45,110/45,161 mm)
Tappet Bore Dia. 4.108,4.107,4.99 0.562/0.56325 in (14,275/14,307 mm)
Fuel Pump Drive Hub Bearing
Bore Dia. 4.108,4.107,4.99 1.812511.8141 in (46,037/46,078 mm)
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.3

Cylinder Liner 4.108

Type Cast Iron - Dry - Interference Fit
Interference Fit of Liners 0,003/0.005 in (0,076/0.127 mm)
Inside Dia. of Liner after Finish Boring and Honing 3.12513.126 in (79,375179,40 mm)
Height of Liner in relation to Cylinder Block Top Face 0.023/0.027 in (0,584/0,686 mm) above
Overall Length of Liner 6.495/6.505 in (164,973/165,227 mm)

Cylinder Liner 4.107 and 4.99

Type Cast Iron - Wet Push Fit
Inside Dia. of Liner Pre-Finished 4.99 3,00/3.001 in (7620176.225 mm)
Inside Dia. of Liner Pre-Finished 4.107 3.125/3,126 in (79,374179.4 mm)
Thickness of Top Flange. 4.99 0.312510.3145 in (7,93717,988 mm)
Depth of Recess in Block for Liner Flange. 4.99 0.3115/0.3135 in (7,91217,963 mm)
Thickness of Top Flange.. 4,107 0.25010,252 in (6.35/6,4 mm)
Depth of Recess in Block for Liner Flange 4,107 0.249/0,251 in (6.325/6,375 mm)
Height of Liner in relation to
Cylinder Block Top Face 4,107 and 4.99 0.003 in (0,076 mm) Above. 0.001 in (0.025 mm) Below
Liner Flange Outside Dia. 4.99 3.61813.621 in (91.898/91,973 mm)
Cylinder Block Top Bore for Liner Flange 4.99 3.625/3,627 in (92,075/92,125 mm)
Clearance Fit of Liner Flange
to Block Bore 4.107 and 4.99 0,00410.009 in (0,102/0.229 mm)

Pistons 4.108
Type Flat Topped
Piston Height in relation to Cylinder B!ock Top Face. 0.00210.006 in (0,051/0.152 mm) Above
Bore Dia. for Gudgeon Pin 1.06255/1.06275 in (26,989/26.994 mm)
Compression Ring Groove Width-Top 0.080510.0815 in (2,045/2,070 mm)
Compression Ring Groove Width-2nd 0.0645/0.0655 in (1,638/1,664 mm)
Compression Ring Groove Width-3rd 0.0645/0.0655 in (1,638/1,664 mm)
Oil Control Ring Groove Width-4th 0.126/0.127 in (3.200/3,225 mm)
Oil Control Ring Groove Width-5th 0.19010.191 in (4,826/4.851 mm)
i With engines rated at 3.000 rev/min or below, the fourth ring groove is the same as the fifth ring groove.
Note: There is a Steel Insert fitted above the Top Groove.

I Pistons 4.108 (Controlled Expansion)

I
IType ... Flat Topped - Four Ring
I Piston Height above Top Face of Cylinder Block 0.002/0.006 in (0,05/0,15 mm)
I Bore Dia. for Gudgeon Pin 1.062711.0629 in (26,992/26,999 mm)
I Compression Ring Groove Width, Top 0.080110.0821 in (2,035/2,086 mm)
1 Compression Ring Groove Width, Second and Third .. . 0.06410.065 in (1,64/1,65 mm)
I Oil Control Ring Groove Width ... ... .. . 0.1887/0.1895 in (4,7914,81 mm)

: Pistons 4.108 (Controlled Expansion)

: Type ... Flat Topped - Three Ring
I Piston Height above Top Face of Cylinder Block 0.002/0.006 in (0,05/0,15 mm)
: Bore Dia. for Gudgeon Pin 1.062711.0629 in (26,992/26,999 mm)
I CompreSSion Ring Groove Width, Top 0.080/0.082 in (2,035/2,086 mm)
: Compression Ring Groove Width, Second 0.09910.1005 in (2,53/2,55 mm)
I Oil Control Ring Groove Width 0.1890/0.1900 in (4,8014,826 mm)

Pistons 4.107 and 4.99

Type Flat Topped
Piston Height in relation to Cylinder Block Top Face .. 0.0085/0.012 in (0,2210,30 mm) Above
Bore Dia. for Gudgeon Pin
later 4.99 and all 4.107 engines ... 0.93755/0.93775 in (23,81/23,82 mm)
Early 4.99 engines 0.87505/0.87525 in (22,22122,23 mm)
Compression Ring Groove Width-Top 0.0801/0.0811 in (2,034/2,06 mm)
Compression Ring Grooves Width 2nd and 3rd 0.0645/0.0655 in (1,638/1,664 mm)
Oil Control Ring Grooves 4th and 5th 0.190/0.191 in (4,826/4,851 mm)
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.4
Piston Rings 4.108
Top-Compression Parallel Faced
Second and Third Compression Internally Stepped
Fourth-Oil Control Laminated Segment '*
Fifth-Oil Control Slotted Scraper
Top Compression Ring Width 0.0771/0.0781 in (1,958/1,984 mm)
Ring Clearance in Grove ... 0.0024/0.0044 in (0,061/0,112 mm)
Second and Third Compression Ring Width 0.0615/0.0625 in (1,562/1,587 mm)
Ring Clearance in Groove 0.00210.004 in (0,051/0,102 mm)
Fifth Scraper Ring Width ... 0.1865/0.1875 in (4,737/4,762 mm)
Ring Clearance in Groove 0.0025/0.0045 in (0,063/0,114 mm)
Ring Gap-Top Compression 0.00910.017 in (0,229/0,432 mm)
Ring Gap-Second and Third Compression . 0.00910.017 in (0,229/0,432 mm)
Ring Gap-Fifth Scraper ... 0.00910.017 in (0,229/0,432 mm)

I
:* Engines rated at 3,000 revlmin and below have a slotted scraper fitted in the fourth groove which has the same
width, clearance and gap as the fifth ring.

: Piston Rings 4.108(Controlied Expansion - Four Ring)

, Top Compression Chrome Insert - Parallel Faced
I Second and Third Compression Internally Stepped
I Fourth Oil Control Spring Loaded Scraper
I Top Compression Ring Width 0.077/0.078 in (1,96/1,98 mm)
I Ring Clearance in Groove ... 0.002/0.005 in (0,05/0,13 mm)
: Second and Third Compression Ring Width 0.0615/0.0625 in (1,5611,59 mm)
Ring Clearance in Groove 0.0015/0.0035 in (0,0410,09 mm)
I Oil Control Ring Width ... 0.186/0.1865 in (4,72/4,74 mm)
I Ring Clearance in Groove 0.0022/0.0035 in (0,0510.09 mm)
J Ring Gap, Top ... . .. 0.012/0.023 in (0,30/0,58 mm)
I Ring Gap, Second and Third 0.009/0.020 in (0,23/0,50 mm)
I Ring Gap, Oil Control 0.010/0.021 in (0,25/0,53 mm)

: Piston Rings 4.108 (Controlled Expansion - Three Ring)

I Top Compression Chrome, Taper Faced
: Second Compression Internally Stepped, Taper Faced
I Third Oil Control Spring Loaded Scraper
I Top Compression Ring Width 0.0765/0.0775 in (1,943/1,969 mm)
I Clearance in Groove ... 0.0025/0.0055 in (0,063/0,140 mm)
: Second Compression Ring Width 0.097/0.098 in (2,46/2,49 mm)
I Clearance in Groove 0.0015/0.0035 in (0,039/0,089 mm)
I Oil Control Ring Width 0.1865/0.1875 in (4,737/4,763 mm)
: Clearance in Groove 0.0015/0.0035 in (0,039/0,089 mm
I Ring Gap, Top ... 0.01210.023 in (0,31/0,59 mm)
I Ring Gap, Second 0.009/0.020 in (0,23/0,51 mm
I Ring Gap, Oil Control 0.012/0.023 in (0,31/0,59 mm

Piston Rings
4.99 Vehicle
Top Compression Parallel Faced Chrome Plated
Second and Third Compression Internally Stepped
Fourth and Fifth Oil Control Slotted Scraper

Piston Rings 4.107 and 4.99

and Industrial
Top Compression Parellel Cast Iron
'Second and Third Compression Internally Stepped
Fourth-Oil Control Chrome Plated Spring Loaded Scraper
Fifth-Oil Control Slotted Scraper
4.99 Agricultural engines have taper faced cast iron compression rings fitted in the second and third ring grooves.
Top Compression Ring Width 0.0771/0.0781 in (1,96/1,984 mm)
Ring Clearance in Groove 0.002/0.004 in (0,051/0,102 mm)
Second and Third Compression Ring Width. 0.0615/0.0625 in (1,562/1,587 mm)
Ring Clearance in Groove 0.00210.004 in (0,051/0,102 mm)
Fourth and Fifth Scraper Ring Width 0.1865/0.1875 in (4,73714,762 mm)
Ring Clearance in Groove 0.0025/0.0045 in (0,064/0.114 mm)
Ring Gap-Compression Rings Chrome Vehicle 0.01210.020 in (0,30/0,50 mm)
Ring Gap-Oil Control Rings Cast Iron Vehicle 0.009/0.017 in (0,30/0,432 mm)
Ring Gap-Compression Rings Cast Iron
Agricultural and Industrial 0.009/0.017 in (0,30/0,432 mm)
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.S

Gudgeon Pin 4.108

Type Fully Floating
Outside Dia. of Gudgeon Pin 1.0625/1.0627 in (26,987/26,993 mm)
Length of Gudgeon Pin 2,673/2,687 in (67,894/68,250 mm)
Fit in Piston Boss Transition

Gudgeon Pin 4.107 and 4.99

Type Fully Floating
Outside Dia. of Gudgeon Pin (Later Engines) 0.9375 in/0.9377 in (23,812/23,817 mm)
Outside Dia. of Gudgeon Pin (Earlier Engines) 0.875/0.8752 in (22,225/22,23 mm)
Fit in Piston Boss Transition

Small End Bush 4.108

Type Steel Backed, Lead Bronze Lined
Length of Small End Bush 0.935/0.955 in (23,749/24,257 mm)
Outside Dia. of Small End Bush 1.221/1.222 in (31,013/31,039 mm)
Inside Dia. before Reaming 1.0495/1.0545 in (26,657/26,784 mm)
Inside Dia. after Reaming 1.06315/1.0632 in (27,004/27,005 mm)
Clearance between Small End Bush and Gudgeon Pin 0.00045/0.0007 in (0,0114/0,0178 mm)

Small End Bush 4.107 and 4.99

Type Steel Backed, Lead Bronze Lined
Length of Small End Bush 0.865/0.885 in (22,00/22,48 mm)
Outside Dia. of Small End Bush
on later 4.99 and all 4.107 engines 1.06511.066 in (27,05/27,08 mm)
Early 4.99 engines 1.0025/1.0035 in (25,46125,49 mm)
Inside Dia. after Reaming on later
4.99 and a/l 4.107 engines 0.9382/0.93875 in (23,83/23,84 mm)
Early 4.99 engines 0.8757/0.87625 in (22,24/22,26 mm)
Clearance between Small End Bush and Gudgeon Pin 0.0005/0.00125 in (0,0110,03 mm)

Note. Bushes to be reamed to suit respective Gudgeon Pins, and are provided with a reaming allowance.

nSI::ti11n Rod 4.108

Type 'H' Section
Cap Location to Connecting Rod Serrations, Offset 45 to the Horizontal
Big End Parent Bore Dia. 2.146/2.1465 in (54,508/54,521 mm)
Small End Parent Bore Dia. 1.21875/1.21975 in (30,956/30,981 mm)
Length from Centre Line of Big End
to Centre Line of Small End 6.217/6.219 in (157,912/157,963 mm)
Big End Setscrew 0.375 in (i in) U.N.F.
Connecting Rod End Float 0.006510.0105 in (0,165/0,267 mm)

Connecting Rod 4.107 and 4.99

Type 'H' Section
Cap Location to Connecting Rod Serrations, Offset 45' to the Horizontal
Big End Parent Bore Dia. 2. i 46/2.1465 in (54,508/54,521 mm)
Small End Parent Bore Dia.
on later 4.99 and all 4.107 engines 1.0625/1.0635 in (26,99/27,01 mm)
Early 4.99 engines 1.00/1.001 in (25,4/25,43mm)
Length from Centre Line of Big End to Centre Line of
Small End 6.405/6.407 in (162,69/162,74 mm)
Big End Setscrew 0.375 in (i in) U.N.F.
Connecting Rod End Float
on later 4.99 and all 4.107 engines 0.0065/0.0105 in (0,1610,27 mm)
Early 4.99 engines 0.0075/0.0105 in (0,19/0,27 mm)
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.G

Connecting Road Alignment 4.108,4.107,4.99

Large and small end bores must be square and parallel with each other within the limits of ::'::0.010 in (0,25 mm) mea-
sured 5 in (127 mm) each side of the axis of the rod on test mandrel as shown in Fig. B.1. With the small end bush
fitted, the limit of ::'::0.010 in (0,25 mm) is reduced to ::'::0.0025 in (0,60 mm).

--
-....~ -
Ej~
c: E
.= -.::tE
= Sin .. -- Sin ..
I .- E
=N
00
-
.-It')

127mm
- 127mm- C?N ~
=-.::t
'-It')

=0
+1 +. +1+.
...J ,; t-. ...J

'f
" -
i..- :..,...
B1

Crankshaft 4.108,4.107,4.99
Overall Length 21.125 in (536,575 mm)
Main Journal Dia. Nos. 1 and 2 2.248/2.2485 in (57,099/57,112 mm)
Main Journal Dia. No.3 2.2475/2.248 in (57,086/57,099 mm)
Main Journal Length No. 1.40625 in (35,719 mm)
Main Journal Length No.2 1.496/1.504 in (37,998/38,202 mm)
Main Journal Length NO.3 1.499/1.502 in (38.075/38,151 mm)
Main Journal Fillet Radii 0.12510.141 in (3,175/3,581 mm)
Crankpin Dia. 1.9993/2.0001 in (50,78/50,80 mm)
Crankpin Length 1.1875/1.1895 in (30.162/30,213 mm)
Crankpin Fillet Radii 0.15625/0.17187 in (5/32/11/64 in)
(3,969/4,366 mm)
Surface Finish-All Journals 8-16 micro-in (0,2 - 0,4 micron)
Main Journal and Crankpin Regrind Undersizes 0.010.0.020,0.030 in (0,25, 0.51.0.76 mm)
Oil Seal Helix Dia. 2.21075/2.21175 in (56,153/56.178 mm)
Oil Seal Helix Width 0.050/0.080 in (1,270/2,032 mm)
Oil Seal Helix Depth 0.004/0.008 in (0,102/0.203 mm)
Flange Dia. 3.9985/3.9995 in (101,562/101,587 mm)
Flange Width 0.500 in (12,700 mm)
Spigot Bearing Recess Depth 0.875 in (22,225 mm)
Spigot Bearing Recess Bore 1.250 in (31,750 mm)
Crankshaft End Float 0.002/0.015 in (0.0508/0.381 mm)

Crankshaft Thrust Washers 4.108, 4.1 4.99

Type Steel BaCked-Lead Bronze Faced
Position in Engine Rear Main Bearing
Thrust Washer Thickness (STD) 0.089/0.091 in (2,261/2,311 mm)
Thrust Washer Thickness (O/S) 0.0965/0.1005 in (2,451/2,553 mm)
Thrust Washer Outside Dia. 3.24513.255 in (82,423/82.677 mm)
Thrust Washer Inside Dia. 2.590/2.600 in (65.786/66,040 mm)

Main Bearings 4.108, 4.101, 4.99

Type Pre-finished, Steel Backed. Aluminium Tin Lined
Shell Width 1.245/1.255 in (31.623/31.877 mm)
Outside Dia. of Main Bearing 2.3955 in (60,846 mm)
Inside Dia. of Main Bearing 2.2505/2.2515 in (57,163/57,188 mm)
Running Clearance-Nos. 1 and 2 . 0.002/0.0035 in (0.051/0,089 mm)
Running Clearance-No. 3 0.0025/0.004 in (0,063/0.102 mm)
Steel Thickness 0.060 in (1,524 mm) Max.
Aluminium Thickness 0.01210.01225 in (0.305/0,311 mm)
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.7

Connecting Rod Bearings 4.108, 4.107, 4.99

Type Pre-finished, Steel Backed, Aluminium Tin Lined
Shell Width 0.870/0.880 in (22,098/22,325 mm)
Outside Dia. of Can. Rod Bearing . 2.1465 in (54,521 mm)
Inside Dia. of Can. Rod Bearing 2.0015/2.0025 in (50,838/50,863 mm)
Running Clearance 0.0014/0.0032 in (0,036/0,081 mm)
Steel Thickness . 0.060 in (1,524 mm) Max_
Aluminium Thickness 0.012/0.01225 in (0,305/0,311 mm)

Camshaft 4.108,4.107,4.99
No. 1 Journal Length 1.347/1.351 in (34,214/34,315 mm)
No.1 Journal Dia. 1.791/1.792 in (45,491/45,517 mm)
No.1 Cylinder Block Camshaft Bore Dia. 1.794/1.7955 in (45,568/45,606 mm)
No. 1 Journal Running Clearance 0.002/0.0045 in (0,051/0,114 mm)
No. 2 Journal Length 1,250 in (31,750 mm)
No. 2 Journal Dia. 1.781/1.782 in (45,237/45,26'3 mm)
No.2 Cylinder Block Camshaft Bore Dia. 1,784/1,787 in (45:314/45,390 mm)
No.2 Journal Running Clearance 0.002/0.006 in (0,051/0,152 mm)
No. 3 Journal Length 1.000 in (25,400 mm)
No. 3 Journal Dia 1.773/1.774 in (45,034/45,060 mm)
NO.3 Cylinder Block Camshaft Bore Dia. 1.776/1.778 in (45,110/45,161 mm)
NO.3 Journal Running Clearance ... 0.002/0.005 in (0,051/0,127 mm)
Cam Lift 0.2592/0.2622 in (6,58/6,66 mm)
Oilways for Rocker Shaft Lubrication No. 2 Journal

Camshaft Thrust Plates 4.108, 4.107, 4.99

Type 180' Oil Impregnated Sintered Iron
Thrust Plate Outside Dia. 2.555/2.557 in (64,897/64,948 mm)
Cylinder Block Recess Dia. for Thrust Plate 2.5585/2.5685 in (64,986/65,240 mm)
Clearance Fit of Thrust Plate in Recess 0.0015/0.013 in (0,038/0,330 mm)
Thrust Plate Inside Dia. 1.500 in (38,100 mm)
Thrust Plate Thickness 0.160/0.162 in (4,060/4,115 mm)
Cylinder Block Recess Depth for Thrust Plate 0.158/0.164 in (4,009/4,166 mm)
Thrust Plate Height in relation to Cylinder Block Face 0.004 in (0,102 mm) above or below
Camshaft End Float 0.003/0.009 in (0,076/0,228 mm)

Valve and Fuel Pump Timing

Refer to later section on timing (page K.1 ) .

CYLINDER HEAD 4.1 4.1 4.99

Overall Length of Cylinder Head 20.000 in (508,000 mm)
Overall Depth of Cylinder Head 2.617 /2.633 in (66,472/66,878 mm)
Skimming Allowance on Cylinder Head Face NIL-On no account can the cylinder head face be
skimmed
Pressure for Water Leakage Test 20 Ibflin 2 (1,4 kgflcm2) -138 kN/m 2
Valve Seat Angle 45
Bore in Cylinder Head for Guide 0.4995/0.5005 in (12,687/12,713 mm)
Bore in Cylinder Head for Combustion Chamber Inserts 1.250/1.252 in (31,750/31,801 mm)
Depth of Bore in Cylinder Head for
Combustion Chamber Inserts 0.373/0.376 in (9,474/9,550 mm)

Combustion Chamber Inserts 4.108, 4.101,4.99

Outside Dia. of Insert 1.248/1.249 in (31,699/31,724 mm)
Depth of Insert ... 0.374/0.375 in (9,499/9,525 mm)
Height of Insert in relation to Cylinder Head Face 0.002 in (0,051 mm) above or below
Clerance Fit of Insert in Cylinder Head Bore 0.001/0.004 in (0,025/0,102 mm)
Method of Location in Cylinder Head By Cylinder Block Face and Expansion Washer

Valve Guides (inlet) 4.108,4.107,4.99

Inside Dia. 0.3141/0.3155 in (7,978/8,014 mm)
Outside Dia. 0.5021/0.5026 in (12,753/12,766 mm)
Interference fit of Guide in Cylinder Head Bore 0.0016/0.0031 in (0,041/0,079 mm)
Overall length of Guide ." 2.130 in (54,102 mm)
Guide Protrusion Above Top
Face of Cylinder Head 6.800/0.815 in (20,320/20,701 mm)
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.B

Valve Guides (Exhaust) 4.10B, 4.107, 4.99

Inside Dia. 0.3141/0.3155 in (7,978/8,014 mm)
Outside Dia. 0.5021/0.5026 in (12,753/12,766 mm)
Interference fit of Guide in Cylinder Head Bore 0.001610.0031 in (0,041/0,079 mm)
Depth of Counterbore 0.380 in (9,650 mm)
Overall Length of Guide '" 2.440 in (61,980 mm)
Guide Protrusion above Top Face of Cylinder Head 0.80010.815 in (20,320/20,701 mm)

Valves (Inlet) 4.10B, 4,107, 4.99

Valve Stem Dia. 0.312/0.313 in (7,92511,950 mm)
Clearance fit of Valve Stem in Guide 0.0011/0.0035 in (0,028/0,089 mm)
Valve Head Dia. 1.410/1.414 in (35,814/35,916 mm)
Valve Face Angle 45'
Valve Head Depth Below Cylinder Head Face 0.028/0.039 in (0,711/0,991 mm)
Overall Length of Valve 4.592/4.608 in (116,637/117,043 mm)
Sealing Arrangement Rubber Oil Seal

Valve (Exhaust) 4.108,4.107,4.99

Valve Stem Dia. 0.3115/0.3125 in (7,91217,937 mm)
Clearance Fit of Valve Stem in Guide 0.0016/0.004 in (0,041/0,102 mm)
Valve Head Dia. 1.19111.195 in (30,251/30,353 mm)
Valve Face Angle 45
Valve Head Depth Below Cylinder Head Face 0.021/0.032 in (0,53'3/0,813 mm)
Overall Length of Valve 4.60014.616 in (116,840/117,246 mm)
Sealing Arrangement No Seal fitted to Exhaust Valve

Inner Valve Springs (where fitted)

Fitted Length 1.530 in (38,862 mm)
Load at Fitted Length 28.6 Ibf::'::: 2 Ibf (13,0 kgf::'::: 0,91 kgf)
Fitted Position Damper Coil to Cylinder Head

Outer Valve Springs 4.10B, 4.107, 4.99

Fitted Length 1.780 in (45,212 mm)
Load at Fitted Length 56.0 Ibf::':::2.8 Ibf (25,4 kgf::':::1,27 kg!)
Fitted Position Damper Coil to Cylinder Head

Rockel' level's 4.108, 4.107, 4.99

Length between Centre Line of Adjusting Screw and
Centre Line of Rocker Shaft 1.042/1.058 in (26,467/26,873 mm)
Length between Centre Line of Rocker Lever Pad and
Centre Line of Rocker Shaft 1.567/1.583 in (39,802/40,208 mm)
Inside Dia. of Rocker Lever Bore 0.71825/0.71950 in (18,243/18,275 mm)
Outside Dia. of Rocker Lever Bush 0.720510.7215 in (18,301/18,326 mm)
Interference Fit of Bush in Rocker Lever 0.00110.00325 in (0,025/0,082 mm)
Finished Inside Dia. of Rocker Lever Bush 0.6245/0.62575 in (15,862/15,894 mm)
Clearance of Rocker Lever Bush on Rocker Shaft 0.00075/0.0035 in (0,01910,089 mm)

Valve Clearances 4.108, 4.107, 4.99

Clearance between Valve Stem Tip and Rocker Lever 0.012 in (0,30 mm) Cold

Rocker Shaft 4.108, 4.107, 4.99

Overall Length of Shaft 14.5625 in (369,887 mm)
Outside Dia. of Shaft 0.62225/0.62375 in (15,805/15,843 mm)
Lubrication Oil Feed from Cylinder Head through Central
Passage to Individual Rocker Levers

Push Rods 4.108, 4.107, 4.99

Overall Length 8.527/8.560 in (216,58/217,42 mm)
Outside Dia. 0.250 in (6,350 mm)
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.9

Tappets 4.108, 4.107, 4.99

Overall Length 2.250 in (57,150 mm)
Outside Dia: of Tappet Shank 0.560/0.561 in (14,224/14,249 mll'l)
Cylinder Block Tappet Bore Dia. 0.56210.56325 in (14,275/14,307 mm)
Tappet Running Clearance in Cylinder Block Bore 0.001/0.00"325 in (0,025/0,082 mm)
Outside Dia. of Tappet Foot 1.245/1.255 in (31,623/31,877 mm)

TIMING GEARS 4.108, 4.107, 4.99

Note: Some engines are fitted with spur gears instead of helical gears, in which case the number of teeth on each
gear are given in brackets.
Camshaft Gear
Number of Teeth 48 (50)
Inside Dia. of Gear Boss ... 1.750/1.7514 in (44,450/44,486 mm)
Outside Dia. of Camshaft Hub 1.7496/1.7509 in (44,430/44,473 mm)
Transition Fit of Gear and Hub 0.000910.0018 in (0,023/0,046 mm)

Fuel Pump Gear

Number of Teeth 48 (50)
Inside Dia. of Cylinder Block Bore for Fuel Pump
Drive Hub Bearing 1.8125/1.8141 in (46,037/46,078 mm)
Outside Dia. of Fuel Pump Drive Hub Bearing 1.814511.8152 in (46,088/46,106 mm)
Interference Fit of Drive Hub
Bearing in Cylinder Block Bore ... 0.0004/0.0027 in (0,010/0,069 mm)
Inside Dia. of Fuel Pump Drive Hub Bearing 1.3125/1.3135 in (33,34/33,78 mm)
Outside Dia. of Fuel Pump Gear Drive Hub ... 1.3105/1.3115 in (33,287/33,312 mm)
Running Clearance of Drive Hub in Bearing 0.0031/0.0051 in (0,079/0,129 mm)
Drive Hub End Float 0.00210.010 in (0,051/0,254 mm)

Idler Gear and Hub

Number of Teeth 57 (42)
Inside Dia. of Gear Boss ... 1.7187/1.7197 in (43,655/43,680 mm)
Inside Dia. of Gear Boss with Bush Fitted ... 1.562511.5641 in (39,687139,728 mm)
Outside Dia. of Gear Hub 1.5612/1.5619 in (39,654/39,668 mm)
Running Clearance of Gear on Hub 0.0003/0.0016 in (0,008/0,041 mm)
Idler Gear Width 1.3105/1.3135 in (33,287/33,363 mm)
Hub Width 1.316511.3195 in (33,439/33,52 mm)
Idler Gear End Float 0.00310.008 in (0,076/0,208 mm)

Crankshaft Gear
Number of Teeth 24 (25)
Inside Dia. of Gear 1.25011.2512 in (31,750/31,780 mm)
Crankshaft Dia. for Gear ... 1.250/1.2506 in (31,750/31,756 mm)
Transition Fit of Gear on Crankshaft 0.000610.0012 in (0,015/0,030 mm)

Timing Gear Backlash

Clearance between Crankshaft!ldler and Camshaft!
Idler Gear 0.0015/0.0025 in (0,038/0,064 mm)

LUBRICATING SYSTEM 4.108,4.107,4.99

Lubricating Oil Pressure ... 30/60 Ibflin 2 (2,1/4,2 kgflcm2) -2071414 kN/m 2 at
maximum engine speed and normal working tempera-
ture.
Sump
Dipstick Position Camshaft side of engine opposite No.2 cylinder
Strainer Location End of suction pipe to lubricating oil pump.

Typical Sump Capacities

Refill Capacities-Engine Level Imp. pt U.S. pt Litre
Standard Sump ... 7.0 8.4 4.0
Vauxhall Motors 9.0 10.8 5.1
Chrysler Cars 8.6 10.3 4.9
Ford Motor Co .... 8.75 10.5 5.0

Note: The above sump capacities are intended to be used as a gUide and actual capaCities should be governed by
the level indicated on the dipstick.

When refilling the engine after an overhaul has been carried out a further 2 imp. pints, 2! U.S. pints or 1 litre approxi-
mately should be added to the capacities quoted, to allow for filling the pipes, oilways, filter assembly, etc.
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.10

Lubricating Oil Pump

Type Rotor Type
Number of Lobes-Inner Rotor Three or Four
Number of Lobes-Outer Rotor Four or Five
Method of Drive By Spiral Gears from the Camshaft

Pump Clearances
Inner Rotor to Outer Rotor 0.0005/0.0025 in (0,013/0,063 mm)
Outer Rotor to Pump Body 0.01110.013 in (0,28/0,33 mm)
Inner Rotor End Clearance 0.0015/0.003 in (0,038/0,076 mm)
Outer Rotor End Clearance 0.0005/0.0025 in (0,013/0,063 mm)
Inside Dia. of ~ore for Pump Shaft 0.50010.501 in (12,700/12,725 mm)
Outside Dia. of Pump Shaft 0.4983/0.4986 in (12,655/12,664 mm)
Running Clearance, Shaft in Bore ... 0.0014/0.0027 in (0,036/0,069 mm)

Lubricating Oil Pump Drive Gear

Number of Teeth 12
Inside Dia. of Gear Bore ... 0.496510.4970 in (12,611/12,624 mm)
Outside Dia. of Oil Pump Drive Shaft 0.4983/0.4986 in (12,655/12,664 mm)
Interference Fit of Gear on Shaft ... 0.001310.0021 in (0,033/0,053 mm)
Lubricating Oil Pump Drive Gear Backlash ... 0.0155/0.019 in (0,394/0,483 mm)

Relief Valve
Type Spring Loaded Plunger
Pressure Setting 50/65 Ibflin 2 (3,5/4,6 kgflcm2) - 344/448 kN/m 2
Length of Plunger 0.9375 in (23,813 mm)
Outside Dia. of Plunger ... 0.5585/0.5595 in (14,19/14,21 mm)
Inside Dia. of Valve Housing Bore ... 0.5605/0.5625 in (14,24/14,29 mm)
Clearance of Plunger in Bore 0.001/0.004 in (0,025/0,102 mm)
Outside Dia. of Spring 0.368/0.377 in (9,347/9,576 mm)
Spring-Free Length 1.5 in (38,10 mm)

Lubricating Oil Filter

Type Full Flow
Element Type Paper or Canister
By-Pass Valve Setting Open between 13-17 Ibflin 2
(0,91-1,2 kgflcm2) 90-117 kN/m 2 pressure differential

COOLING SYSTEM 4.108, 4.101, 4.99

Type Water Cooled
Cylinder Block and Head Thermo-Syphon Impeller Assisted
Engine Water Capacity (Less Radiator) 6 Imp. pt (7.2 U.S. pt or 3,4 Litre)

Thermostat
Type Wax Capsule
Opening Temperature 175-182F (79,5-83,5C)
Fully open at 200-205F (93,5-96C)
Minimum Travel at Fully Open Temp. 0.3125 in (7,94 mm)

Water Pump
Type Centrifugal-Belt driven from Crankshaft
Outside Dia. of Shaft for Pulley (Separate Bearing
Pump) 0.5905/0.5908 in (14,999/15,006 mm)
Inside Dia. of Pulley Bore (Separate Bearing Pump) 0.588/0.589 in (14,935/14,961 mm)
Outside Dia. of Shaft for Pulley (Combined Bearing
and Shaft) 0.6262/0.6267 in (15,808/15,920 mm)
Inside Dia. of Pulley Bore (Combined Bearing and
Shaft Pump) ... 0.6239/0.6247 in (15,849/15,869 mm)
Interference Fit of Pulley on Shaft .. . 0.0015/0.0028 in (0,038/0,071 mm)
Outside Dia. of Shaft for Impeller .. . 0.498/0.499 in (12,649/12,675 mm)
Inside Dia. of Impeller Bore 0.497/0.4975 in (12,624/12,636 mm)
Interference Fit of Impeller on Shaft 0.0005/0.002 in (0,013/0,051 mm)
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.11

Outside Dia. of Impeller 3.094/3.125 in (78,588179,375 mm)

Water Pump Seal Type Synthetic Rubber-Carbon Faced

FUEL SYSTEM 4.108,4.107,4.99

Approved Fuel Oil Specification

United Kingdom 8S.2869:1967 Class A1 or A2
United States VV-F-800a Grades OF-A, or DF-2.
AS.T.M.lD975-66T Nos. 1-0 or 2-D.
France (J.O. 14/9/57) Gas Oil or Fuel Domestique
India IS: 1460/1968 Grade Special or Grade A
Germany DIN-51601 (1967)
Italy CUNA-Gas Oil NC-630-01 (1957)
Sweden SIS. 155432 (1969)
Switzerland Federal Military Spec.
9140-335-1404 (1965)

Fuel oils available in territories other than those listed above which are to an equivalent specification may be used.

Fuel Lift Pump

Type AC Delco Diaphragm 'Y J' Series
Spring Colour Code Green
Method of Drive From Eccentric on Camshaft via Push rod
Total Stroke of Operating Lever 0.192 in (4,877 mm)
Static Pressure-No Delivery 4-7 Ibflin 2 (0,28-0,49 kgflcm2) - 28-48 kN/m 2
Pump to Distance Piece Gasket Thickness ... 0.018/0.022 in (0,457/0,559 mm)
Distance Piece-Lift Pump to Tappet Inspection Cover 0.256 in (6,502 mm)

Final Fuel Filter

Element Type Paper
Overflow Valve Type Gravity 8all Check Valve
Valve in Fuel Pump Drain Connection Spring Loaded Non-Return Valve set at 0.71-1.25
Ibflin 2 (0,0522-0,0875 kgflcm2) - 5-9 kN/m 2

Fuel Injection Pump

Make CAV.
Type D.P.A.
Rotation Clockwise (Viewed from Drive End)
Plunger Dia. 6 mm

Hydraulically Governed 4.108 4.107 4.99

Timing Letter A A
No. 1 Cylinder Outlet W W

Mechanically Governed
Timing Letter C c C
No. 1 Cylinder Outlet W W W
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.12

Static Timing Position

The static timing position varies according to application, but can be obtained by referring to the first group of letters
and digits of the fuel pump setting code (stamped on the fuel pump identification plate).
IOn the latest 4.108 engines the setting codes start with the fuel pump part number followed by the two code letters. Only the
Itwo code letters are used in the table for identification purposes.

(USING TIMING TOOL MS67B) ALTERNATIVE DROP VALVE METHOD

First Group of Engine Checking Fuel Pump Marking Static Timing Piston Displacement
Fuel Pump Code Angle (Degrees) Angle (Degrees) (Degrees) BTDC in (mm) BTDC

4.99
AH28 282 29S 26 0.226 (5,74)
BH26 287 300 26 0.226 (5,74)
CH3S 280~ 290 19 0.120 (3,05)
DH19 287 300 26 0.226 (5,74)
LH20 } 282 292 0.134 (3,40)
20
LH26
LH29 281 292 22 0.160 (4,06)
MH26 281 290 18 0.110 (2,79)

4.107
CH3S 280~ 290 19
0.120 (3,05)
LH23}
LH28 282 292 20
LH29 0.134 (3,40)
LH31 (exceptions
below)
LH31 1900/2/2770 }
LH31 1900/2/3130 281 292 22 0.160 (4,06)
LH31 1900/9/1880
MH27}
PH28 281 290 18 0.110 (2,79)
PH30
PH34 280 290 20 0.134 (3,40)
4.108
iEH
EH34E
EH39
281 290 18 0.11 (2,79)

LH30 281 292 22 0.160 (4,06)

IpH 281 290 18 0.1 0 (2,79)
PH23E (exceptions 281 290 18 0.110 (2,79)
PH25E below)
PH2SESOO/S/24S0}
PH2SESOO/9/1990 279~ 290 21 0.150 (3,81)
PH2SESOO/9/2090
PH27 ~ - 281 290 18 '0.110 (2,79)
i PH28 (exceptions
PH30 be/ow)
PH30/S00/5/24SO }
PH30/S00/6/1S70
279t 290 21 0.150 (3,81)
PH30/S00/9/1990
PH30/S00/9/2090

:RH
RH30E
SH33E
1 279~ 290 21 0.150 (3,81)

ITH } 281 291 20 0.134 (3,40)

ITH23E .

Note: For 4.107 and 4.99 mechanically governed engines r aled above 3,000 and 2,SOO rev I min respectively, the static
timing is altered to 22' B.T.C.D.' piston displacement 0.160 in (4,06 mmJ. For 4.108 engines prior to engine numbers
108U15973 and 108UD20214, the static timing was 19' B.T.D.C., piston displacement 0.120 in (3,05 mm). When re,
setting these pumps, it is advisable to set at the figures quoted in above table.

For 4.107 industrial engines having a fuel pump coding of PH30 and an idling speed at 1,000 rev/min, the static timing
is 21' B.T.D.C. and a piston displacement of 0.147 in (3,73 mm).
 TECHNICAL DATA-B.13

Atomisers
4.108 Veh., M., Ind., Comb.
4.107 M., Ind., TA
Make ... CAV.
Holder Type BKB40S05224
Nozzle Type BON 12S06236
Code Letter BG
Min. Working Pressure 135 atm (2000 Ibflin2 or 140 kgf/cm2)
Setting Pressure 150 atm (2200 Ibf/in2 or 155 k9f1cm2)

4.108M, Ind., Comb.

Make ... CAV.
Holder Type BKB40S05224
Nozzle Type BDN4SD6769
Code Letter GY
! Min. Working Pressure 135 atm (2000 Ibflin 2 or 140 kgflcm2)
I Setting Pressure 150 atm (2200 Ibflin 2 or 155 kgflcm2)

Note: Earlier atomisers bearing the identification code letter 'J' had a setting pressure of 140 atm. When servicing of
these atomisers is carried out, they should be reset in accordance with the settings quoted above.

4.99 Veh 4.99 Veh 4.99 Ind. & 4.107 Ind.

Make CAV. CAV. CAV.
Holder Type BKB40S5223 BKB40S5224 BKB40S5224
Nozzle Type BON12SD6236 BDN12SD6236 BDN4S6157
Code Letter BK BL BE
Min. Working Pressure 120 125 130
Setting Pressure 130 130 135

Starting Aid
Make CAV.
Type Thermostart
Voltage 12 Volt
Maximum Current Consumption 12.9 Amperes at 11.5 Volts
Fuel Flow Rate through Unit 4.3-4.9 cm 3 min at 70"F (21'C)
Height of Reservoir (where fitted) above Centre of 4.5-10 in (11,4-25,4 cm)
Thermostart ...

Make ... Lucas

Type ... C40
Max. Output 11A
Alternator
Make Lucas or C.A.V.
Type ... AC5 (12Vor24V), 11AC (12Vor24Vj,
15ACR (12V) and 17ACR (12V)

Max. Output (hot)

AC5 (12V) 53A
AC5 (24V) 30A
11AC (12V) .. 43A
11AC (24V) 23A
15ACR 28A
17ACR 36A

I Starter Motor
I Make ... Lucas
I
Type ... MG45 or 2M113
Max. Current 900A
",-(I!I'" Starter Cable Resistance ... 0.0017 ohms (Max.)
I No. of Teeth on Pinion ... 10
 SECTION C
Operating and Maintenance
Starting the Engine As soon as the engine starts, the switch should be
returned to the "R" position, and the tap on the start-
If the weather is warm or the engine has only been ing reservoir, when fitted, turned off.
stopped for a little while, place the accelerator in the
fully open position and engage the starter motor by NOTE: The above procedure is not necessary when
turning the starter switch in a clockwise direction to the engine is hot. To re-start, turn the switch in a
the "HS" position (See Fig. C.1). clockwise direction to the "HS" position which will
engage the starter motor.
If the battery is well up, enough to turn the starter
motor quickly, the engine should start.

Always be sure that the starter pinion and flywheel

have stopped revolving before re-engaging the starter,
otherwise the ring or pinion may be damaged.

Earlier Heat Start Switch

The cold start switch fitted to earlier engines is shown
in Fig. C.2.

With this switch, starting a warm engine is effected by

turning the switch in a clockwise direction to the "S"
position.

In cold weather, the switch should be turned to the

"H" position for fifteen to twenty seconds and then to
the "HS" position in order to engage the starter motor.
As soon as the engine starts, the switch should be
C1 returned to the "0" position.

Where this type of switch is used, it was customary to

1. Off Position
have a separate switch for the electrical circuits and
2. Run Position this should be turned on before starting the engine
3. Heat Position and turned off after stopping the engine.
4. Heat and Start Position

To Aid

In cold weather the procedure for the use of this

equipment is as follows:-

Ensure that the engine stop control is in the "run"

position.

Turn on the fuel supply tap of the starting aid reser-

voir, where fitted.

Tum start switch in direction to "H" position for fifteen

to twenty seconds.

With accelerator in the fully open position, turn the C2

switch a further clockwise movement to the "HS"
position thereby engaging the starter motor.
1. Off Position
If the engine does not start after fifteen seconds, return 2. Start Position
switch to "H" position for ten seconds and then re- 3. Heat Position
engage the starter motor. 4. Heat and Start Position
 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE-C.2

Alternative Method is turned to the "heat" position, the element should

become red hot, and upon engagement of the starter
With some engines, a different starter switch is pro- motor ignition of the fuel should take place.
vided and the cold start aid is operated by means of a
separate push button switch. 4.108, 4.107 and 4.99 engines are fitted with efficient
starting equipment and no responsibility can be
The cold starting procedure is the same i.e. accepted for any damage caused by unauthorised start-
Switch on by turning the starter switch in a clockwise ing aids.
direction to the first position.
To prevent thermostart damage, it is essential that the
Press the heater button for fifteen to twenty seconds thermostart is not operated DRY. After any operation
and then, with the heater button still pressed, turn the which allows fuel to drain from the the thermostart feed
starter switch in a further clockwise direction to engage pipe, the pipe must be disconnected at the thermostart
the starter motor. As soon as the engine starts, release and all air bled from the pipe before the thermostart is
switch and heater button. operated.

Where a thermostart starting aid has to be replaced,

I Glow Plugs care must be taken not to exceed the torque figure
Glow plugs are sometimes fitted to engines in applica- quoted on Page B.2. Excessive torque loading can crack
tions such as refrigeration units, fork lift trucks and the insulator adaptor causing an electrical short and
other certain 4.108 mechanically governed engines hard starting characteristics.
rated at 3,000 rev/min and below. As the buss bar
connecting these glow plugs may not be insulated,
extreme care must be exercised to keep pipes, clips Stopping the Engine
or other metal objects well clear as the consequences
A spring loaded stop control is located near the normal
of a direct short of this buss bar to earth when
engine controls and functions by cutting off the fuel
energised are obvious.
at the fuel injection pump.
It must be noted that in no circumstances should
either or any other unauthorised starting aids be used To operate, pull the knob and hold in mis position until
at the same time as glow plugs. the engine ceases to rotate. Ensure that the control
To operate, use the following procedure : - returns to the "run" position, otherwise difficutly may
Before operating the starter motor, press the "Heat" be experienced in re-starting the engine.
button for 20 to 30 seconds.
I With the "Heat" button still pressed, engage the Return latest cold start switch to the "0" position.
I starter motor until the engine starts.
I Continue to press the "Heat" button for a few seconds Some engines may have an electric solenoid stop
I after the engine has started until even running has control on the fuel injection pump operated by a switch
: been obtained. on the control panel.
Ilf the engine does not start, disengage the starter
I motor, but keep the "Heat" button pressed for a
I further 10 to 15 seconds, when a further attempt should Running In Procedure
I be made to start the engine, keeping the glow plugs
I energised whilst starting and for a few seconds after It is not necessary to gradually run-in a new or factory
ithe engine has fired until even running is obtained. rebuilt engine and any prolonged light load running
during the early life of the engine can in fact prove
harmful to the bedding in of piston rings and liners.
Points to Note
Full load can be applied On a new or factory rebuilt
Ensure that the electrical connection to the starting aid engine as soon as the engine is used, provided that the
is correctly made. engine is first allowed to reach a temperature of at
least 140F (60C).
Always ensure that the reservoir feeding fuel to the
starting aid is fully primed and is not leaking. With
some later engines, this fuel reservoir has been deleted, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
the cold start aid being fed direct from the fuel filter
I These preventive maintenance periods are general in
through a non-return valve.
I application. Check the periods given by the manu-
Extended use of the cold starting equipment above the I facturer of the equipment in which the engine is
time periods already stated should be avoided, other- 1 installed and, where necessary, use the shorter periods.
wise the starting aid in the induction manifold may be I These periods and procedures must also be adapted
damaged also continuous flaming will starve the I to ensure correct operation for any local machine
engine of oxygen. I regulations.
I It is good maintenance to check for leakage and loose
In the event of difficult starting, check that fuel is I fasteners at each service interval.
reaching the starting aid in the induction manifold by I 1 hese maintenance periods are only for engines that
unscrewing the inlet fuel connection. If fuel is reaching I are operated with fuel and lubricating oil to the
it satisfactorily, then it may be that the starting aid it- I specifications given in this manual.
self is not working correctly. This can be checked by I The schedules which follow must be applied at the
removing the air cleaner and watching the starting aid I interval (miles, kilometres, hours or months) which
whilst the equipment is used. When the starting switch I occurs first.
 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE-C.3

I On stop start low mileage work, the hours run are the first 500/1000 miles (800/1600 km) or 25/50 hours
more applicable than the mileage covered. in service.
It is also recommended that the following procedure
be adopted where an engine has been laid up for a
considerable period before it is again put into service.
Daily or every 8 hours
With the engine thoroughly warmed through, this
Check coolant level. checkover should comprise the following points.
Check sump oil level. 1. Drain lubricating oil sump. Renew lubricating oil
Check oil pressure (where gauge is fitted). filter element or canister. (Refer to Page L.5 or L.6) .
In extreme dust conditions, clean oil bath air cleaner 2. Remove the rocker assembly, check that the
and empty dust bowl on dry type air cleaner. cylinder head nuts are to the correct torque. (Refer
to Page B.2).
3. Refit rocker assembly and set valve clearances.
(Refer to Page B.8).
Every 4,000 miles (6,000 km), 4. Refill lubricating oil sump with clean new oil to
150 hours or 3 months the correct level. (Do not overfill).
5. Check fan belt tension. (Refer to Page M.1).
t Drain and renew lubricating oil (see list of approved 6. Check coolant level in radiator, inspect for any
lubricating oils Appendix). coolant leaks.
t Renew lubricating oil filter element or canister. 7. Check security of all external nuts, setscrews, hose
Clean oil bath air cleaner. clips, mountings, etc.
Empty dust bowl on dry type air cleaner. 8. Start engine and check for any fuel or lubricating
'Check drive belt tension. oil leaks.
Clean water trap. 9. Carry out test to check general performance of
Lubricate dynamo rear bush (where applicable). engine.
Thereafter routine maintenance should be in accord-
ance with Periodical Attentions which are given on
previous Page.
Every 12,000 miles (18,000 km)
NOTE: If the cylinder head is removed for any reason
450 hours or 12 months
e.g. top overhaul, then it is recommended that the
t Renew final fuel filter element - agricultural and in- cylinder head nuts are retorqued as shown in Fig. E.23
dustrial applications. after 500/1000 miles (800/1600 km) or 25/50 hours
Clean element of dry type air cleaner or renew (if not with the engine hot, to the setting given on Page B.2.
indicated earlier). It is assumed that electrical equipment will have
already been checked for such points as dynamo rate
of charge, effectiveness of connections and circuits,
etc.
Every 24,000 miles (36,000 km) or 900 hours
Renew final fuel filter element - vehicle applications.
ProtecUon of an engine not in service
The recommendations given below are to ensure that
miles (108,000 or hours damage is prevented when an engine is removed from
service for an extended period. Use these procedures
Arrange for examination and service of proprietary immediately the engine is removed from service. The
equipment, i.e., compressor, exhauster, starter, dynamo instructions for the use of POWERPART products are
etc. given on the outside of each container.
Service atomisers. 1. Thoroughly clean the outside of the engine.
Check and adjust valve clearance. 2. Where a preservative fuel is to be used, drain the
fuel system and fill with the preservative fuel.
POWERPART lay-Up 1 can be added to the
normal fuel to change it to a preservative fuel. If
t I Refrigeration unit engines have a larger capacity preservative fuel is not used, the system can be
I sump and larger lubricating oil filter canister, Kept charged with normal fuel but this will have
therefore the lubricating oil and filter change can be to be drained and discharged at the end of the
extended to 1000 hours. Also with a primary fuel oil period together with the fuel filter.
filter fitted, the main fuel filter element change period 3. Run the engine until it is warm. Correct any fuel,
can be extended to 1000 hours. lubricating oil or air leakage. Stop the engine and
drain the lubricating oil sump.
'The drive belt tension should be checked monthly on 4. Renew the lubricating oil filter canister.
engines rated above 3,000 rev/min. 5. Fill the sump to the tull mark on the dipstick with
c,ean new lubricating oil or with a correct
preservative fluid. POWERPART lay-Up 2 can be
POST DELIVERY CHECKOVER added to the lubricating oil to give protection
against corrosion curing the period in storage.
After a customer has taken delivery of his Perkins If a preservative fluid is used, this must be
Diesel engine, it is advisable, in his own interest, that drained and normal lubricating oil used when the
a general checkover of the engine be carried out after engine is returned to service.

4.108 Series Workshop Manual, June 1986

 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE-C.4

6. Drain the cooling system, see below. To give it must have an ethanediol (ethylene glycol) base
protection against corrosion, it is better to fill the with a corrosion inhibitor. It is recommended
cooling system with a coolant that has a corrosion that the corrosion inhibitor is of the sodium
inhibitor, see 'Engine Coolant' below. If frost nitrate/benzoate type. The antifreeze mixture
protection is needed, use an antifreeze mixture. must provide cooling/corrosion protection at
If no frost protection is needed, use water with least as good as the requirements of the
an approved corrosion inhibitor mixture. standards below:
7. Run the engine for a short period to send the UK: 8S.6580: 1985: "Specification for corrosion
lubricating oil and coolant around the engine. inhibiting, engine coolant concentrate (antifreeze)".
8. Clean out the engine breather pipe and seal the U.S.A. ASTM 03306-74 'Ethylene Glycol Base Engine
end of the pipe. Coolant'.
9. Remove the atomisers and spray POWERPART Australia AS 2108-1977 'Antifreeze Compounds and
Lay-Up 2 into each cylinder bore. If this is not Corrosion Inhibitors for
available, clean engine lubricating oil will give a Engine Cooling Systems'.
degree of protection. Spray into the cylinder When Perkins POWER PART antifreeze is used, the
bores 140 ml L1- pint) of lubricating oil divided correct mixtures of antifreeze and water are as
evenly between the four cylinders. given below. Perkins POWERPART Antifreeze
10. Slowly turn the crankshaft one revolution and then fully passes the above standards.
install the atomisers complete with new seat
Mixture Ratio by
washers. Lowest Temperature %Volume Volume
of of POWERPART
11. Remove the air filter and any pipe installed Protection Needed POWERPART Antilreeze Antifreeze:Water
between the air filter and induction manifold.
Spray POWERPART Lay-Up 2 into the induction
manioold. Seal the manifold with waterproof tape. -12C ( 10F) 25 1:3
12. Remove the exhaust pipe. Spray POWERPART -18C ( OF) 33 1:2
Lay-Up 2 into the exhaust manifold. Seal the 25C ( 13F) 40 1:1.5
manifold with waterproof tape. -37C (-34F) 50 1:1
13. Remove the lubricating oil filler cap. Spray
POWERPART Lay-Up 2 around tne rocker shaft The quality of the antifreeze coolant must be
assembly. Fit the filler cap. Where the oil filler checked at least once a year, for example, at
cap is not on the cylinder head cover, remove the start of the cold period.
the cover to spray the rocker shaft assembly. 3. When frost protection is not necessary, it is still
14. Disconnect the battery and put it into safe storage an advantage to use an approved antifreeze
in a fully charged condition. Before the battery is mixture as this gives a protection against
put into storage, give the battery terminals a pro- corrosion and also raises the boiling point of the
tection against corrosion. POWERPART Lay-Up 3 coolant. A minimum concentration of 25% by
can be used on the terminals. volume of antifreeze is necessary, but it is our
15. Seal the vent pipe of the fuel tank or the fuel recommendation that 33% concentration by
filler cap with waterproof tape. volume is used.
16. Remove the fan belt and put it into storage. If an antifreeze is not used, add a correct
17. To prevent corrosion, spray the engine with corrosion inhibitor mixture to the water.
POWERPART Lay-Up 3. Do not spray inside the Change the water/corrosion inhibitor mixture
alternator cooling fan area. every six months or check according to the
inhibitors manufacturer's recommendations.
NOTE: Before the engine is started after a period Note: Some corrosion inhibitor mixtures contain
in storage, operate the starter motor with the soluble oil which can have an adverse effect on
engine stop control in the 'off' position until some types of water hose.
oil pressure shows on the oil pressure gauge If the correct procedures are not used, Perkins Engines
or the oil warning light goes out. If a solenoid Ltd., can not be held responsible for any frost or
stop control is used, this will have to be corrosion damage.
disconnected for this operation.
If the engine protection is done correctly To Drain the Cooling System
accoding to the above recommendations, no
1. Ensure that the vehicle or machine is on level
corrosion damage will normally occur.
ground.
Perkins Engines Ltd. are not responsible for
2. Remove the radiator filler cap.
any damage that occurs in relation to a
3. Remove the drain plug from the side of the
service storage period.
cylinder block (see engine views) to drain the
engine. Ensure that the drain hole does not
have any restriction.
Engine Coolant 4. Open the tap or remove the drain plug at the
1 he quality of the coolant used can have a large bottom to drain the radiator. If a tap or plug is
effect on the efficiency and life of the cooling system. not fitted to the radiator, disconnect the bottom
The recommendations given below can be of assistance radiator hose.
in the maintenance of a good cooling system with 5. Where necessary, flush the system with clean
frost and/or corrosion protection. water.
1. Where possible, use clean soft water. 6. Fit the drain plugs and radiator cap. Where
I 2. If an antifreeze mixture, other than Perkins necessary, close the radiator tap or connect the
POWERPART, is used to prevent frost damage, radiator hose.
 SECTION D
Fault Diagnosis
Fault Possible Cause

Low cranking speed 1, 2, 3, 4.

Will not start 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 31, 32, 33.

Difficult starting 5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,18,19,20,21,22,24,29, 31, 32, 33.

Lack of power 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,31, 32, 33.

Misfirjng 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, '32.

Excessive fuel consumption 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33.

Black exhaust 11,13,14,16,18, 19,20,22,24,25,27,28,29,31,32,33.

Blue/white exhaust 4, 16, 18, 19, 20, 25, 27, 31, 33, 34, 35, 45, 56.

Low oil pressure 4, '36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 58.

Knocking 9, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 36, 45, 46, 59.

Erratic running 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, 21, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 35, 45, 59.

Vibration 13, 14, 20, 23, 25, 26, 29, 30, 33, 45, 47, 48, 49.

High oil pressure 4, 38, 41.

Overheating 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 24, 25, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,57.

Excessive crankcase pressure 25, 31, 33, 34, 45, 55, 60.

Poor compression 11,19,25,28,29,31,32,33,34,46,59.

Starts and stops 10, 11, 12.

Key to Fault Finding Chart

1. Battery capacity low. 31. Worn cylinder bores.

2. Bad electrical connections. 32. Pitted valves and seats.
3. Faulty starter motor. 33. Broken, worn or sticking piston ring/so
4. Incorrect grade of lubricating oil. 34. Worn valve stems and guides.
5. low cranking speed. '35. Overfull air cleaner or use of incorrect grade of
6. Fuel tank empty. oil.
7. Faulty stop control operation. 36. Worn or damaged bearings.
8. Blocked fuel feed pipe. 37. Insufficient oil in sump.
9. Faulty fuel lift pump. 38. Inaccurate gauge.
10. Choked fuel filter. 39. Oil pump worn.
11. Restriction in air cleaner or induction system. 40. Pressure relief valve sticking open.
12. Air in fuel system. 41. Pressure relief valve sticking closed.
13. Faulty fuel injection pump. 42. Broken relief valve spring.
14. Faulty atomisers or incorrect type. 43. Faulty suction pipe.
15. Incorrect use of cold start equipment. 44. Choked oil filter.
16. Faulty cold starting equipment. 45. Piston seizure/pick up.
17. Broken fuel injection pump drive. 46. Incorrect piston height.
18. Incorrect fuel pump timing. 47. Damaged fan.
19. Incorrect valve timing. 48. Faulty engine mounting (Housing).
20. Poor compression. 49. Incorrectly aligned flywheel housing, or flywheel.
21. Blocked fuel tank vent. 50. Faulty thermostat.
22. Incorrect type or grade of fuel. 51. Restriction in water jacket.
23. Sticking throttle or restricted movement. 52. Loose fan belt.
24. Exhaust pipe restriction. 53. Choked radiator.
25. Cylinder head gasket leaking. 54. Faulty water pump.
26. Overheating. 55. Choked breather pipe.
27. Cold running. 56. Damaged valve stem oil deflectors (if fitted).
28. Incorrect tappet adjustment. 57. Coolant level too low.
29. Sticking valves. 58. Blocked sump strainer.
30. Incorrect high pressure pipes. 59. Broken valve spring.
60. Defective exhauster/leaking vacuum pipe.
 SECTION E
Cylinder Head

E2

To Remove the Cylinder Head

E1
1. Completely drain the cooling system.
Before commencing to overhaul the cylinder head 2. Disconnect the battery terminals.
ensure that all joints, gaskets and any other parts ex- 3. Remove the securing nuts and detach the exhaust
pected to be required are available. pipe from the exhaust manLold. Blank off the end
Remove any external components from the vicinity of of the exhaust pipe to prevent entry of any
the cylinder head cover, atomisers and fuel pump. foreign matter.

E3
CYLINDER HEAD-E.2

E4 E6

4. Uncouple the water outlet connection on the front 7. Remove the cylinder head cover togther with the
of the cylinder head. breather pipe.
5. Remove the air cleaner and place somewhere level 8. Unscrew the oil feed pipe to the rocker shaft at
ready for servicing. the cylinder head end. (Refer to Fig. E.2 for its
6. Disconnect the fuel pipe and electrical connection location) .
to the starting aid located in the induction mani- 9. Remove the eight rocker shaft bracket securing
fold. (Refer to Fig. E.1). nuts evenly and remove the rocker shaft complete
with the oil feed pipe. (Refer to Fig. E.3).

E5
 CYLINDER HEAD-E.3

E7
E9
10. Remove the eight push rods and place somewhere
safe (possibly in the cylinder head cover) to 16. Remove the cylinder head securing nuts and lift
avoid the possibility of any being accidentally bent. off the cylinder head complete with the inlet and
11. Unscrew the small banjo bolts on the tops of the exhaust manifolds. (Refer to Fig. E.5).
atomisers and remove the leak-off pipe by unscrew- NOTE: On 4.99 and 4.107 engines, to prevent liner
ing the union on top of the fuel filter. movement should the engine be turned with the
12. Remove the low pressure fuel pipes between the cylinder head removed, it is suggested that the liners
fuel filter and the fuel pump, remove the fuel filter are held in position by suitable tubing placed over two
after disconnecting the feed pipe from the lift of the cylinder head studs and locked with nuts and
pump, blank off all pipes and ports to prevent washers.
ingress of foreign particles.
13. Remove the four high pressure fuel pipes from the To Remove the Valves
fuel pump to the atomisers. Blank off fuel pump
outlet ports. With earlier engines, the valves were numbered and the
14. Remove the atomiser securing nuts and carefully cylinder head was marked with corresponding numbers
remove the atomisers. (Refer to Fig. EA). (see fig. E.6).
Blank off the exposed ports on the atomisers. With current engines, the valves and seats are not
15. Uncouple the dynamo or alternator adjusting link. numbered and where a valve is to be used again, it
should be suitably identified to ensure it is replaced in
its original position.
1. Remove collets by compressing the valve springs
as shown in Fig. E.7.
2. Remove the spring caps, springs, seals (where
fitted) and spring seats. Remove valves.

E8 E10
 CYLINDER HEAD-E.4

E11

COMBUSTION CHAMBER INSERTS

These can be gently tapped out of their locations by
means of a short length of curved bar through the
atomiser bore. When refitting they must be located by
means of expansion washers in the recesses provided,
as shown in Figs. E.8 and E.g. E13

Cleaning
Remove any carbon from the cylinder head.
If the water jacket within the cylinder head shows VALVE GUIDES
signs of excessive scale, then a proprietary brand of
descaling solution may be used, if possible the The worn guides should be removed either by means
cylinder head should be tested for water leakage after of a press and a suitable "dolly" or the valve guide
such treatment at the pressure given on Page B.7. removal tool shown in Fig. E.10.
Before fitting the new guides remove any burrs from
VALVE SPRINGS the cylinder head parent bores, then smear the bores
with clean oil and either press in the new guides or
It is advisable to fit new valve springs whenever the pull them in by means of the tool shown in Fig. E.11,
engine undergoes a major overhaul. Where a top over- until the guide protrusion above the head top face is
haul only is being carried out the springs should be that quoted on Page B.7.
examined, paying particular attention to squareness of NOTE: Special care should be exercised during this
ends and pressures developed at specific lengths, the operation as the guides, being made of cast iron, are
details of which can be found on Page B.8. therefore comparatively brittle.

E12 E14
 CYLINDER HEAD-E.S

INLET
VALVE
EXHAUST
VALVE k

c tot _I

! I
;1
-i........ GRAD

E15
A
Inlet B
A-1.530 in to 1.531 in
8-0.3125 in to 0.3175 in
C-0.015 in chamfer at 45 (Max.)

Exhaust
A-1.296 in to 1.297. in
8-0.3125 in to 0.3175 in
C-0.015 in chamfer at 45 (Max.) F
t.
VALVES AND VALVE SEATS
The valves should be checked in their respective
\. 0 .1
guides for wear and replaced if wear has taken place.
(ensure that the wear is in fact on the valve stem and
E16
not in the guide bore before replacing the valve).
The valve and valve seat faces should be reconditioned Material EN32A Case Hardened and Ground
in the normal way using specialised equipment or with
grinding compound, according to their condition. A Inlet Dimensions
valve seat (hand operated) cutting tool is shown in A-2.75 in
Fig. E.12. Valves should always be refitted to their 8-2 in
original seats and any new valve fitted should be suit- C-0.75 in
ably marked to identify its position if removed at a later
0-0.309 in to 0.310 in
date. (Refer to Fig. E.6 for illustration of valve num-
bering) . E-1/16 in at 45
Before refitting the valves it should be ascertained
F-1/16 in at 45
whether the valve head depth relative to the cylinder G-1/32 in Radius
head face is within the limits given on Page B.2. This H-1.238 in to 1.239 in
depth can be checked, as shown in Fig. E.13, by J-0.222 in to 0.225 in
placing a straight edge across the face of the cylinder
K-1.523 in to 1.533 in
head, then by careful selection of feeler guages mea-
suring the distance between the straight edge and the
head of the valve.
Where vehicle engines have to conform with the smoke
Exhaust Dimensions
density regulation B.S.AU 141a: 1971, then valve depths A-2.75 in
must not exceed production limits as given on page 8-2 in
B.B. C-0.75 in
Where this depth exceeds the maximum limit and even 0-0.309 in to 0.310 in
the fitting of a new valve does not reduce this depth E-1 /1 6 in at 45
below the maximum limit, then the remedy is to fit a
F-1/16 in at 45
valve seat insert as detailed later.
G-1/32 in Radius
When refacing valves or valve seats care should be
taken to see that only the minimum amount of metal
H-1.018 in to 1.019 in
necessary to obtain a satisfactory seat is removed, and J-0.222 in to 0.225 in
that as narrow a valve seat as possible is maintained. K-1.287 in to 1.297 in

Hand Grinding After all the valves have been lapped in the valve head
depths relative to the cylinder head face should be
When grinding or lappingin valves make certain that checked to ensure that they are within the limits given
all signs of pitting are removed from the seats. on Page B.B.
CYLINDER HEAD-E.6

To Dismantle the Rocker Shaft Assembly

~ 1. Remove the retaining circlips from each end of

I the rocker shaft.

2. Withdraw the rocker levers, springs and support

brackets from the rocker shaft.
3. Unscrew the oil feed pipe from the banjo and re-
move the banjo. (When refitting this feed pipe it
should be noted that the end of the pipe locates
the banjo position on the shaft).
Examine the rocker bushes and shaft for wear. The
rocker levers should be an easy fit on the rocker shaft
without excessive side play.
New rocker levers are supplied complete with bush
E17 fitted and reamed to size.

NOTE: When fitting new bushes ensure that the oil

feed holes are in alignment before pressing home; and
when pressed fully home that the holes coincide.
(Refer to Fig. ,17).
VALVE SEAT INSERTS
Valve seat inserts are not fitted to production engines, To Re-Assemble the Rocker Shaft Assembly
but may be fitted in service.
When fitting inserts ensure that only genuine Perkins 1. Refit the oil feed banjo and locate with the feed
parts are used. pipe.
In order to fit these inserts proceed as follows: 2. Refit the rocker levers, springs and support
1. Fit new valve guides as described on Page E.4. brackets in the opposite order to which they were
2. Using the new valve guide bore as a pilot, machine removed. Lightly oil the components during re-
the insert recess in the cylinder head face to the assembly and ensure that each rocker lever does
dimensions shown in Fig. E.15. not bind on the shaft. The assembly should now be
3. Remove all machining swarf and thoroughly clean as shown in Fig. E.18.
the insert recess (removing any burrs which may
be present).
4. Using the valve guide bore as a pilot once again PUSH RODS
press the insert home with the inserting tool, this
tool is shown fully dimensioned in Fig. E.16. Check the push rods for straightness, if any are bent
NOTE: The insert must not under any circum- then fit new replacements.
stances be hammered in, neither should any lubri-
cation be used.
5. Visually inspect to ensure that the insert has been To Refit the Valves
pressed fully home, i.e. is flush with the bottom of
the recess. Lightly oil the valve stems to provide the initial lubrica-
6. Recut the valve seat at an included angle of 90' tion.
(which will give the normal 45' seat) until the Replace valves, springs, spring plates, washers, collars
valve head depth reaches the minimum limit which and collets, taking care that the numbers on the valves
is given on Page B.8. Lightly lap the valve to its correspond to the numbers stamped adjacent to the
new seat. valve seat (see Fig. E.6).

E18
 CYLINDER HEAD-E.1

NOTE: Valve springs incorporate a damper coil and

care should be taken to ensure that this damper coil
is to the bottom of the spring i.e., nearest the cylinder
1
II
head when fitted.
Inner valve springs are not required for engines rated
at 3,000 rev/min and below.
4.108 engines and 4.99 vehicle engines are fitted with F"t---2 - - - _
rubber sealing rings on inlet valves only.
All latest 4.107 and 4.99 agricultural and industrial
engines incoroporate oil deflectors on both inlet and
exhaust valves.
In the case of earlier 4.107 and 4.99 agricultural and
industrial engines which incorporate rubber sealing
rings on the inlet valves only, oil deflectors should be
fitted to both inlet and exhaust valves after the valve
assembly has been dismantled. With this arrangement,
3
a different valve spring seating washer is required for
exhaust vales.
Where a groove is cut on the inlet valve stem, a rubber
sealing washer should be fitted in addition to the de-
flector to stop the later from becoming canted on the
stem.
Oil deflectors should not be fitted to 4.99 vehicles and
some 4.108 engines.

CYLINDER HEAD GASKET

Always use a new cylinder head gasket. Ensure that
the correct type is used.

4.108 Engines
With this engine, the gasket is made of a black com-
posite material and is known as the Klinger type. It
MUST be fitted DRY and on no account should joint-
ing compound be used.
It is very important that the gasket is placed correctly,
otherwise the steel beading may be nipped between
the cylinder head face and the top of the liner.

4.107 and 4.99

These engines use a copper and asbestos or a copper,
steel and asbestos gasket. These gaskets should be
fitted with a light coating of Perkins (Hylomar) jointing
compound on both sides. 6
7 8
To Rem Cylinder Head
1. Place the cylinder head gasket carefully in posi-
tion on the cylinder block face (the gasket is
marked "TOP FRONT" to indicate how it should
be fitted). (Refer to Fig. E.22).
2. Lower the cylinder head into position on top of the
gasket ensuring that it lays perfectly level.
3. Lightly lubricate both cylinder head studs and nuts E19
with engine oil, then tighten the nuts progressively
in three stages in the sequence shown in Fig. E.23
1. Retaining Collets
to the torque given on page B.2. This final torque
tightening stage should be repeated to ensure that 2. Spring Caps
no loss of tension has taken place on any studs 3. Inner Valve Springs
earlier in the sequence. 4. Outer Valve Springs
5. Spring Seating Washers
With current engines, washers are fitted under the
cylinder head nuts which necessitates longer cylinder 6. '0' Sealing Ring (Inlet Valves only)
head studs. The cylinder head tightening torque re- 7. Inlet Valves
mains unaltered. 8. Exhaust Valve
CYLINDER HEAD-E.8

E20 E21

4. Fit the push rods in their locations then carefully 6. Adjust the valve clearances to 0.012 in (0.3 mm)
fit the rocker shaft assembly, noting that the valve as follows:-
adjusting screw ends locate in their respective Turn the engine so that the valves of No.1 cylinder
push rod cups and the oil feed to the rocker shaft are in the position of 'valve overlap', i.e. the period
is located correctly. between the opening of the inlet valve and the
5. Locate the oil feed pipe nut just finger tight at this closing of the exhaust valve. In this position, adjust
stage, then evenly tighten the rocker shaft bracket the clearances of No. 4 cylircder valves: similarly
securing nuts to a torque of 12 - 15 Ibf It (1,7 with the valves of No. 3 cylinder in the overlap
2 kgf m) now tighten the oil feed pipe nut. position, adjust the valves of No. 2 cylinder. With
When correctly located the oil feed pipe will be valves of No. 4 in the overlap pOSition, adjust the
as shown in Fig. E.2. valves of No. 1 cylinder and finally with valves of
NOTE: If the oil feed pipe nut is tightened before No.2 cylinder in overlap position, adjust valves on
the rocker shaft bracket securing nuts, :he pipe NO.3 cylinder.
will either be strained or the olive pulled off the 7. Replace the dynamo or alternator adjusting link
feed pipe. and tension the fan belt (Refer to Page M.1 i.

E22
 CYLINDER HEAD-E.g

10

E23
8. Replace the atomisers (Refer to Page N.l0) but do 10. positions again to ensure that they are still to the
not tighten the securing nuts. correct toque. During this last check, do not loosen
9. Replace the leak off pipe assembly and four high the nuts.
pressure fuel pipes to the atomisers. Tighten the Replace the rocker shaft as previously described and
atomiser securing nuts. set the valve clearances to 0..0.12 in (0.,30. mm) COLD.
NOTE: The correct tightening torque for high pres- Start engine and check oil flow to rocker levers, if
sure fuel pipe nuts is 15 Ibf It (2,1 kgf m) or 20. Nm satisfactory refit cylinder head cover and air cleaner.
and for the atom iser securing nuts is 12 Ibf It Finally check for oil leaks and rectify immediately if
(1,7 kgf m) or 16 Nm. any are visible.
1D. Replace the fuel oil filter and the low pressure
fuel pipes between filter and lift pump and filter It is important that the cylinder head nuts are re-
and fuel pump. tightened to the correct torque. in the correct
11. Reconnect the electrical and fuel supplies to the sequence, after the engine has completed between
starting aid. 500/1000 miles (800/1600 kmJ or 25/50 hours.
12. Reconnect the exhaust pipe to the manifold.
13. Reconnect the water outlet connection at the front
of the cylinder head.
14. Fill the cooling system with clean water ensuring
the drain taps are turned off. Check for water
leaks
15. Bleed the air from the fuel system as decribed on
Page N.11.
16. Reconnect the battery.

the

Proceed as instructed on Page C.1, with the engine

running at a fast idle check that the oil pressure is
satisfactory and that the oil reaches the rocker assem-
bly and oozes gently from the rocker levers at this
speed.
With the coolant outlet temperature higher than 170. F 0

(77 e C), tighten the cylinder head nuts in the order

given in Fig. E23 and to the torque given on Page B.2.
If a nut moves when checked, lighten it to the correct
torque.
If a nut does not move before the correct torque is
reached, loosen the nut by 1/12 to 1/6 (3D' to 60.')
of a turn and then tighten to the correct torque.
After all the nuts have been tightened, check the first E24
 SECTION F
Pistons and Connecting Rods

F1 F2

To Remove Pistons and Connecting Rods With 4.108 pistons there is a steel insert rolled
into the top ring groove during piston manufacture.
1. Remove the cylinder head assembly. (Refer to It should be regarded as an integral part of the
Page E.1). piston and no attempt should be made to remove
2. Remove the oil sump. (Refer to Page L.1 ). it from its location.
NOTE: Any ridges or carbon deposits around the 2. Remove the circlip retaining the gudgeon pin and
top of the cylinder bore should be removed with push out the gudgeon pin to release the con-
a suitable scraper before piston removal is necting rod.
attempted.
3. Rotate the crankshaft until one pair of big ends are NOTE: Should difficulty be experienced in re-
at bottom dead centre, then remove their respec- moving the gudgeon pin, warm the piston in a suit-
tive connecting rod cap securing bolts. able clean liquid (usually water) to a temperature
4. Remove the connecting rod caps and bearing of 100-120F, (40-50C), this will then enable
shells. (Refer to Fig. F.1). the pin to be pushed out quite easily.
NOTE: If the bearing shells are serviceable, they
should be suitably marked to identify them to their
original locations.
5. Push the pistons and connecting rods carefully out
through the top of the block and remove as shown
in Fig. F.2.
6. Rotate the crankshaft through 180 to bring the
Q

remaining pair of big ends to bottom dead centre

and repeat removal operations.
When piston removal has been carried out keep
each piston and rod assembly separate, each to
each as marked. Mark the pistons on the crown
(before removing the gudgeon pin) to indicate the
'FRONT' in relation to the 'FRONT' marking cast
on the connecting rods.

To Remove Pistons and Rings from the

Connecting Rods

1. Remove the piston rings from each piston, using a

suitable piston ring tool, such a tool is shown in
Fig. F.3.
NOTE: The laminated segments or spring loaded
rings fitted in the fourth ring groove should be
removed by hand. F3
 PISTONS AND CONNECTING RODS-F.2

!nspection
1. Examine the pistons for scoring and any signs of
groove damage.
2. Check the clearance of the piston rings in their
respective grooves by placing the ring outer face
into the groove and a suitable sized feeler between
the ring and groove face.
NOTE: All ring gaps, ring groove clearances etc.,
are given in the Technical Data Section on Page
B.4.
3. Check the fitted gaps of the piston rings, bearing
in mind that in worn cylinder bores these gaps
should be checked at the bottom of the bore.
4. Check the fit of the gudgeon pin in the small end
bush, if excessive, replace the small end bush.
5. To renew the small end bush, remove the old one
by means of a suitable press and 'dolly'. Press in
the new bush, ensuring that the oil holes coincide
when fitted. Ream out the new bush to suit the
gudgeon pin, then check the rod for parallelism
and twist. (Refer Page B.5).
6. Examine the big end bearing shells for any signs
of wear or pitting.

To Refit the Pistons to the Connecting Rods

If the original pistons are to be refitted they must be
re-assembled to the same connecting rods, i.e. No. 1
piston to No.1 connecting rod assembly. Refer to Figs.
F.4 and F.5 for location of piston and rod numbering.
Any new components fitted should be numbered the
same as those which they replace.
F4
Note: Where controlled expansion pistons are fitted, 2. Place No. 1 piston onto its head, noting the posi-
these have a 0.020 in (0,51 mm) off-set gudgeon pin tion of the mark previously made to indicate the
towards the camshaft side of the engine and when "FRONT".
replacing these pistons, they must be fitted the correct 3. Hold No. 1 connecting rod with the small end
way round, i.e., the word "FRONT" or arrow on the between the gudgeon pin bores so that the word
piston crown to the front of the engine. If these marks "FRONT" cast on the rod is towards the same
have been removed by machining the crown, then the side.
small round recess in the gudgeon pin bore 'A' Fig. 4. Push the gudgeon pin into the piston thus locating
F.6, must face the front of the engine. the connecting rod in position.
Where controlled expansion pistons with off-set 5. Fit the two retaining circlips ensuring that they
pins are fitted, the latest phosphated crankshaft pulley locate correctly in their recesses. (Refer to Fig.
setscrew must be used. F.7).
NOTE: If the engine has been in service for some
1. Warm the piston in a suitable clean liquid to a considerable time it is advisable to fit new circlips,
temperature of 100 - 120'F (40 - 50"C) which even if the old ones do not appear to be strained
will enable the gudgeon pin to be easily pushed or damaged.
into the piston bore when the piston and rod have 6. Repeat this procedure for the three remaining
been correctly aligned pistons and connecting rods.

F5

 PISTONS AND CONNECTING RODS-F.3

A----+--O
F6

Fitting the Piston Rings

Fit piston rings to the piston. Rings vary according to
engine type and application as follows: reading from
the top of the piston.

4.108 Engines
Standard Pistons
: 1. Plain parallel faced compression
12. Internally stepped compression
I
13 . Internally stepped compression
14. Laminated segment oil control'
15. Slotted scraper
I ,
I Engines rated at 3,000 rev/min and below have a
slotted scraper fitted in the fourth groove which
has the same width, clearance and gap as the
fifth piston ring.

; Controlled Expansion Pistons

: These have either four or three rings per piston as
I follows:
: 1. Chrome insert parallel faced
I 2. Internally stepped
I 3. Internally stepped F8
: 4. Spring loaded scraper

I 1. Chrome taper faced 4.99 Vehicle Engines

I 2. Internally stepped taper faced 1. Chrome parallel faced compression.
: 3. Spring loaded scraper 2. Internally stepped compression.
3. Internally stepped compression.
4. Slotted scraper.
5. Slotted scraper.

4.107 and 4.99 Agricultural and Industrial

Engines
1. Plain parallel faced compression.
2. Internally stepped compression. *
3. Internally stepped compression. *
4. Chrome spring loaded scraper.
5. Slotted scraper.

*4.99 agricultural engines have taper faced cast iron

compression rings fitted in the 2nd and 3rd ring
grooves.
After an appropriate period of service, when indica-
tions of piston ring and/or cylinder bore wear may be-
come apparent, a replacement ring pack has been
made available for fitting exclusively to 4.99 service
engines and includes a taper faced ring for fitting in
the top ring groove.

NOTE: All the rings quoted above except the laminated

F7 and spring loaded type may be fitted by means of an
PISTONS AND CONNECTING RODS-F.4

expanding tool of the type shown in Fig. F.3. These

rings, being made of cast iron are therefore com-
paratively brittle, so when fitting care should be taken
not to expand any ring more than is necessary to just
clear the piston.

PISTON CROWN

SECOND AND FOURTH SEGMENTS

FIRST AND THIRD SE.GMENTS F9

laminated Segment Rings

The procedure for fitting the laminated type is different, 2. Fit the second segment on top of the first, so that
in as much as the ring comprises four separate seg- when compressed as described above the ends
ments, these may be fitted by hand in the following point upwards. Position the gap at 180 to that of
0

sequence with the piston crown uppermost:- the first segment.

1. Fit the first segment to the piston so that when 3. Fit the third segment as in (1) above with the gap
held horizontally between the thumb and fingers immediately above the gap of the first segment.
and radially compressed the ring ends point 4. Fit the fourth segment as in (2) above with the
downwards (see Fig. F.9). gap immediately above the gap of the second seg-
Place this ring on the bottom face of the fourth ment. If all the segments have been fitted correctly
ring groove with the gap over the gudgeon pin then they will be positioned as shown above.
bore.

F10
 PISTONS AND CONNECTING RODS-F.S

The gaps of the remaining rings should be stag-

gered alternately along the gudgeon pin axis.
Liberally lubricate the rings in their grooves and
see that they can move freely in their locations,
this does not apply to the laminated type in the
fourth groove, which if correctly fitted should not
move freely due to the outward pressure of the top
and bottom segments on the ring groove walls.
When all the rings have been fitted, they should
be shown in Fig. F.9.

Always ensure that internally stepped or taper faced

rings are correctly fitted. They are marked TOP or
BTM (bottom) to ensure correct replacement.
The top compression and slotted oil control rings may
be fitted either way up.

F11

Spring loaded Scraper Ring 7. Fit the two connecting rod securing setscrews and
tighten evenly to the torque quoted on Page B.2.
When fitting the chrome plated spring loaded scraper NOTE: Locking tabs are not fitted to these set-
ring. (see Fig. F.1 0). the following procedure should screws.
be adopted:- 8. Repeat this procedure for No. 4 piston and con-
1. Fit internal expander (1). necting rod assembly.
2. Fit two rail rings (2) at the bottom of the groove. 9. Rotate the crankshaft to bring numbers 2 and 3
3. Fit spiral ring (3). crankpins to bottom dead centre.
4. Fit two top rail rings (2). 10. Repeat procedures 2 - 7 to fit the two remaining
When fitting rail rings, the gaps should be staggered. assemblies.
11. Refit the lubricating oil sump. (Refer Page L.4).
12. Refit the cylinder head assembly. (Refer Page
E.7).

To Fit Piston and Connecting Rod Assemblies Fitting New Pistons

Before fitting the piston and connecting rod assemblies With new 4.108 and 4.107 pistons a machining allow-
to their respective cylinder bores, thoroughly clean ance is provided on the crown of the piston to enable
and liberally coat each bore with clean engine oil. the necessary material to be removed by means of a
1. Turn the engine until the crankpins of numbers lathe so that when fitted the piston height above the
1 and 4 cylinders are at the bottom dead centre. cylinder block top face will be within the limits quoted
2. Using a suitable ring clamp of the type shown in on Page B.3.
Fig. F.11, carefully compress the rings of No. 1 To determine the exact amount to be removed from
piston and hold in this position. the piston crown, the piston, connecting rod and bear-
3. With the word 'FRONT' on the connecting rod ing assembly will have to be fitted to its respective
facing the front ot the engine, insert the rod care- cylinder bore as previously described, and the piston
fully into No.1 cylinder bore. height above the cylinder block top face measured
NOTE: The cylinders are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 with the particular piston at top dead centre. This
starting from the front (water pump) end of the piston height can be measured by means of a piston
engine. It is extremely important that these com- height gauge of the type shown in Fig. F.12. Repeat
ponents (marked as shown in Figs. F.4 and F.5), for each new piston to be fitted and mark each piston
are returned to their original locations. with the number of the cylinder bore it will belong to,
4. The piston head may be gently tapped with the (not on the top as any marking here will be removed
shaft of a hammer as shown in Fig. F.11 until all by the machining). When each piston has been
the rings have entered the cylinder bore. skimmed it should be checked again when finally re-
5. Draw the rod towards the crankpin, place the top fitted to ensure that any new piston fitted is now within
half bearing shell in position locating the tag in the limits quoted. Once the piston height is correct
the machined slot and liberally oil, draw the rod mark any such piston on the crown with the number
onto the crankpin. of its respective bore. (Refer to Fig. F.5).
6. Fit the lower half bearing shell to the connecting Pretopped pistons are available for fitting to 4.108
rod cap, locating the tag in the machined slot, vehicle engines and all 4.99 engines and are available
liberally oil and fit the cap to the crankpin, ensur- in three grades (see separate tables). For identification
ing that the numbers on the rod and cap coincide purposes, the grade letter is stamped on the piston
as shown in Fig. F.4. crown.
PISTONS AND CONNECTING RODS-F.S

Where pretopped pistons are used, then the piston

height can be slightly lower than the limits given.
It is important to note that where vehicle engines have
to conform to the smoke density regulation B.S.AU
141 a: 1971, then the piston height production limits
must be maintained.
It will of course be appreciated that grade F pistons
are suitable for topping to give other grades where
these are not to hand.
After fitting pre-topped pistons, the distance between
the cylinder block face and p:ston crowns should be
checked to ensure the limit is as already quoted (See
Fig. F.12).

4.108 Vehicle Engines

Production Grade Equivalent Service Grade
A to F F
G to L L
M to P P

4.99 Engines
Production Grade Equivalent Service Grade
B, D, & F F
H, J, & L L
N & P P F12
 SECTION G
Cylinder Block and Liners
CYLINDER LINERS (4.108 ENGINES)
The cylinder liners fitted to the 4.108 series engines are
centrifugally cast alloy iron, they are an interference
fit in the cylinder block parent bore and of the thinwall
dry type.
Reboring of these liners is not possible and new liners
should be fitted when a rebore would normally be con-
sidered necessary.
The exception is 4.108 refrigeration unit engines which
can be rebored to 0.020 in (0,51 mm) oversize. It must
be noted that the oversize pistons for these engines
are only suitable for this type of application due to the
special operating conditions.
Dimensional checks of the cylinder bore are carried
out by means of the gauge tool shown in Fig. G.1.
When checking liners each one should be measured
in three positions - top, centre and bottom; the read-
ings being taken parallel and at right angles to the
centre line of the cylinder block giving six readings
for each cyl inder bore.
When checking the fitted internal bore of a new thin-
wall liner it is advisable to allow a period of time to
elapse for the I iner to settle.

To Renew Cylinder liners

1. Remove all the various components from the cylin- G1
der block. (Refer to the appropriate sections for
details of their removal). Earlier 4.99 engines had only one seating ring at the
bottom of the liner (see Fig. G.3).
2. Using a shouldered metal disc slightly smaller on
the outside diameter than the parent bore dia- 4.107 and 4.99 cylinder liners have pre-finished bores.
meter and a suitable press, press the liners care- Under normal circumstances, the liner would only
fully out through the top of the cylinder block. need to be renewed during major overhaul, but should
NOTE: Support the block locally in the area of the it be necessary to remove the liner for any other
top of the liner. reason, this can be carried out without removal of the
3. Lightly lubricate the outside of the liner with clean crankshaft.
engine oil ready for fitting, If at any time, the cylinder liners are removed and
4. As the liner must protrude above the cylinder block these same liners are to be refitted, then before they
top face and not be pressed fully home when fitted are removed from the cylinder block, they should be
correctly, a solid stop washer should be available
designed to give the correct liner protrusion.
NOTE: The limits for liner protrusion are given on
page B.3 and may be checked as shown in Fig.
G.2.
5. Press the liner into the bore progressively until it
reaches the solid stop washer.
6. Bore and finish hone the liners to the dimension
quoted on Page B.3.
NOTE: Where boring equipment is mounted on tile
top face of the cylinder block fit a parallel plate
between the boring bar and cylinder block face.
Such a plate should be thicker than 0.027 in
(0,686 mm).
7. Re-assemble the engine components to the cylinder
block. (Refer to the appropriate sections for
assembly of these).

CYLINDER LINERS 07 and 4.99)

Cylinder liners fitted to 4.107 and 4.99 engines are of
the centrifugal cast iron wet type. They have flanges
at the top and are sealed at the bottom by means of
two rubber sealing rings which fit in machined re-
cesses in the cylinder block. G2
CYLINDER BLOCK AND LlNERS-G.2

G3 G4

suitably marked so that they may be refitted to their where difficulty is experienced, then the use of BARSEAL
original parent bore and in the same position in that in the cooling system (in accordance with the manu-
bore, that is, thrust side of the liner to the thrust side facturers instructions) is approved.
of the cylinder block.

Oversize Cylinder liners

To Renew Cylinder liners Oversize outside diameter cylinder liners are available
for service use on 4.108 engines, if the standard parent
Remove all components from cylinder block. bore has been made larger to remove damage.
Remove liners using a suitable liner removing tool (see Oversize Description
Fig. G.4). 0.010 in (0,25 mm) Cast Iron Flangeless Bore & hone
Once the liner has cleared the rubber sealing rings in Where a parent bore is made larger in service, it
the cylinder block, the liner can be removed by hand. should be machined to the dimension by adding 0.010
Remove any corrosion and burrs which may be present in (0,25 mm) to the standard parent bore diameter
at the inner ends of the landings. given on Page B.3. A chamfer must be machined at
Renew the rubber sealing rings in the grooves at the the top of the new parent bore.
bottom lands. When oversize liners are fitted at the factory, the liner
To ease fitting of the liners when the rings have been oversize is stamped on the top face of the cylinder
placed in position, smear the liners with soft soap or block between the liner and the edge of the cylinder
soapy water. block.
Place liner in position and press home by hand, ensur-
ing that the rubber sealing rings remain in their
grooves (see Fig. G.5).
The liners are a push fit and no force is required.
After fitting the liners, the cylinder block should be
water tested at a pressure of 20 Ibflin 2 (1,4 kgflcm2).
Re-assemble engine as required and to instructions
given for the various components.

Note: If engine is overheated, it could have an adverse

affect on the liner sealing rings.
All 4.107 and later 4.99 engines have four small holes
drilled along the fuel pump side of the cylinder block,
each one breaking through into the area between the
two sealing rings at the bottom of each cylinder liner.
These holes permit any coolant which may have leaked
past the upper sealing ring to escape thus relieving
the botiom sealing ring of any pressure above it and
preventing coolant from entering the engine sump.

In the case of a new engine, or where cylinder liners

and/or sealing rings have been fitted, it is possible
that a slight leakage of coolant could occur from these
holes. This should ease as the liners and sealing rings
settle down after the initial period of running, but G5
 SECTION H
Crankshaft and Main Bearings
(0.19 mm oversize) thrust washers are available which
if used on one side of the rear main bearing only
will reduce crankshaft end float by 0.0075 in (0.19
mm) and by 0.D15 in (0.38 mm) if used on both sides
The limits for the crankshaft end float are given on
Page 8.6.
The main bearing caps are numbered and are not
interchangeable. The main bearing shells are located
by means of tabs which locate in slots in the bearing
housings.

NOTE: Before renewal of the main bearings is

attempted make absolutely certain that the correct
replacements are available, reference to the relevant
parts list will ensure this, but for identification purposes
the new bearings should have an annular groove
machined in the inner (bearing) face along the centre
line of the feed holes, when the bearings are correctly
located these feed holes will correspond exactly with
those machined in the cylinder block.

On later 4.107 and 4.99 engines, the annular oil

groove in the main bearing parent bore (cylinder
block and bearing cap) has been deleted. Adequate
lubrication is maintained by repositioning the oil feed
holes radially in the shell bearings and continuing to
H1 machine the annular groove in the bearing on the
centre fine of these feed holes.
Description
These later type shell bearings may be used on both
The crankshaft runs in three pre-finished replaceable early and later type engines, whereas the early type
thinwall, steel backed, aluminium tin lined bearings. of shell bearings must NOT on any account, be fitted
Crankshaft end lIoat is controlled by thrust washers to later engines where the annular groove in the main
located either side of the rear main bearing. 0.0075 in bearing parent bore has been deleted.

H2
 CRANKSHAFT AND MAIN BEARINGS-H.2

H3 H4

To Renew Main Bearings and Thrust Washers 7. Rotate the bearing shell on the crankshaft until it
locates correctly with the tag in the machined slot.
Removal of the main bearings and thrust washers can 8. Locate the lower half bearing shell in the main
be carried out without removing the crankshaft by the bearing cap, liberally lubricate and refit.
following procedure:- 9. Tighten the two securing setscrews to positively
1. Remove the engine from its application. locate the bearing shells then slacken a turn or
2. Remove the sump and suction pipe assembly. two.
3. Slacken the setscrews which secure the main 10. Repeat items 3-8 for the remaining two bearings.
bearing caps. NOTE: To enable the rear main bearing cap to be
4. Remove completely one of the main bearing caps removed, first remove the two oil seal housing
and remove the bearing shell from the cap. setscrews as shown in Fig. H.3.
5. Remove the top half of the bearing shell by push- 11. Finally tighten the main bearings to the torque
ing it, on the opposite side to the one having the given on Page B.2.
locating tag, with a suitable strip of wood and
rotating it on the crankshaft as shown in Fig. H.1.
6. Inspect the bearing shells and if replacements are
necessary continue by lightly lubricating and in-
Renewal of the thrust washers is accomplished by
serting the new top half bearing shell, plain end
carrying out the following procedure:-
first, into the side having the tag location.

1. Remove the two setscrews securing the two rear

main bearing oil seal half housing as shown in
Fig. H.3 and remove the half housing from the
bearing cap.
2. Remove the rear main bearing cap securing set-
screws.
3. Remove the rear main bearing cap and from it the
two lower half thrust washers. (Refer Fig. H.4).
4. The single upper half thrust washer is removed by
rotating it with a thin piece of wood until it can be
I ifted out of its recess.
NOTE: The new thrust washers should be lightly
lubricated before fitting. The steel faces of the
lower thrust washers should face inwards towards
the bearing cap, (Refer Fig. H.5), the steel face
of the upper thrust washer should also face in-
wards.
5. Locate the upper thrust washer half as shown in
Fig. H.6, place the lower halves either side of the
rear main bearing cap as described and refit the
cap.
6. Tighten the setscrews evenly and finally to the
torque given on Page B.2.

H5
 CRANKSHAFT AND MAIN BEARINGS-H.3

7. Check that the crankshaft end T;oat is within the

limits given on Page B.6 by means of feeler
gauges as shown in Fig. H.7. If incorrect, oversize
thrust washers are available to give an overall
reduction of 0.015 in (0,38 mm) (Refer to Page
H.1 ).
8. Refit the rear main oil seal half housing.
NOTE: If any leakage of oil is apparent from this
seal then new seals should be fitted to the half
housing as described under the heading "Crank-
shaft Rear End Oil Seal" or fit a new assembly
9. Refit the suction pipe assembly and sump.

To Remove the Crankshaft

To remove the crankshaft it will be necessary to re-
move the engine from the vehicle or application.
1. Remove the starter motor, flywheel and flywheel
housing. (Refer to Page P.1 for details of flywheel
and flywheel housing removal)
2. Remove the crankshaft front pulley. timing case
cover, timing gears and fuel pump drive hub.
(Refer to Page J.1 for details of their removal)
3. Remove the timing case back plate.
H7
4. Remove the sump and lubricating oil pump com-
plete with suction and delivery pipes. (Refer to
Page L.1 for removal of these).
5. Remove all the connecting rod setscrews. con- Crankshaft Regrinding
necting rod caps and bearing shells. (Refer to
Page F.1). The crankshafts fitted to most 4.108 and some 4.107
NOTE: All the bearing shells should be marked to engines are Tufftrided and these crankshafts must be
indicate "top" or "bottom" and number of the rod re-hardened after regrinding. If facilities are not avail-
assembly. able for Tufftriding, the crankshaft can be re-hardened
6. Unscrew the main bearing cap setscrews. by the 20 hour nitriding process but if this cannot be
carried out, then a replacement crankshaft should be
NOTE: The rear seal half housing securing set-
fitted. The Tufftrided crankshafts can be recognised by
screws will require removal to enable the rear
the part number that is stamped on the crankshaft
main bearing cap to be removed. (Refer to Fig.
nose or No. 1 web. The part numbers of the Tufftrrded
H.3)
crankshafts are 31315741, 31315827, 31315828,
7. Lift out the crankshaft and place where it is not
31315829, 31315831. 31315836, 31315838. 31316111
likely to be damaged ready for inspection.
31316112. 31316113. 31316114. 31316122. 31316128and
8. Remove the top half main bearing shells.
31316121.
9. Finally, remove the top half oil seal housing.
The crankshafts fitted to 4.99 and most 4.107 and some
4.108 engines are induction hardened and do not
require re-hardening after regrinding.
The crankpin and main journal diameters can be re-
ground to 0.010 in (0.25 mm), 0.020 in (0,51 mm) or
0.030 in (0,76 mm) undersize. For crankshaft regrind
data, see Page H.5.
When regrinding, only very light cuts should be used
and adequate cooling must be maintained, especially
around the fillet radii. The crankshaft should be crack
detected and de-magnetised before and after regrinding
and the fillet radii and the surface finish must be main-
tained to within the limits given on Page B.6. After
regrinding and before polishing and where necessary,
rehardening, the oil holes should be chamfered 0.0201
0.060 in (0,51/1,52 mm) at 45 to blend smoothly into
the crankpin and main Journal diameters.

To Refit the Crankshaft

1. First ensure that crankshaft oilways are clear.

2. Place the three top bearing shells in position then
oil liberally with clean engine oil.
H6 NOTE: Unless a new set of main bearings is being
fitted, those removed must be returned to their
original locations.
CRANKSHAFT AND MAIN BEARINGS-H.4

3. Place the crankshaft in position.

4. Locate the upper thrust washer in position as
shown in Fig. H.6.
5. Fit the three lower bearing shells, oil, and fit the
three main bearing caps in their respective loca-
tions.
NOTE: Ensure at this stage that the two lower
thrust washer halves are positioned correctly either
side of the rear f\lain bearing cap when it is fitted.
6. Check the main bearing setscrews prior to fitting
for signs of stretch or thread damage. Where
damage or any doubt exists fit new replacements.
7. Fit the setscrews then tighten evenly to the torque
tension given on Page B.2.
8. Check that the crankshaft can be rotated freely, if
satisfactory check the crankshaft end float by
means of feeler gauges as shown in Fig. H.7.
Should it not be within the limits quoted on Page
B.6, then oversize thrust washers are available to
give the necessary adjustment. (Refer to Page H8
H.1J.
9. Fit new sealing strips to the rear main bearing oil
seal housings and refit the housings as described
under the heading "Crankshaft Rear End Oil Seal"
below.
10. Liberally oil the crankpins, locate the connecting
rod bearing shells, again ensuring their correct
relative positions, then fit the connecting rod caps
as described on Page F.5. The crankcase should 1. Set up a half housing in the vice with the seal
now be as shown in Fig. H.2. recess uppermost.

11. Refit the lubricating oil pump complete with suc- 2. Settle approximately 1 in (25 mm) of the strip, at
tion and delivery pipes. (Refer to Page L.4). each end, into the ends of the groove ensuring
that each end of the. strip projects 0.01010.020 in
12. Refit the sump using new seals and joints. (Refer (0,25/0,50 mm) beyond the half housing joint face.
to Page L.1).
3. With the thumb or finger press the remainder of
13. Refit the timing case back plate, fuel pump drive the strip into the groove, working from the centre,
hub, timing gears, timing cover and crankshaft then use any convenient round bar to further bed
front pulley. (Refer to later text commencing on in the strip by rolling and pressing its inner dia-
Page J.1 for their reassembly. meter as shown in Fig. H.8. This procedure takes
14. Refit and correctly align the flywheel housing as advantage of the friction between the strip and the
described on Page P.2. groove at the ends to compact the rope, whilst
ensuring that the projections of the end faces of
15. Refit the flywheel and starter motor.
the rope remain as set.
4. Fit the sealing strip to the other half housing in a
CRANKSHAfT REAR END OIL SEAL similar manner.

This sealing arrangement consists of two half housings 5. Remove all traces of the old joint from the cylinder
bolted around the rear of the crankshaft. The bore of block rear face and fit a new joint treated with a
these housings is machined to accommodate a rubber suitable jointing compound.
cored asbestos strip which, in conjunction with a right 6. Lightly coat the faces of the housing with a suit-
hand helix machined between the thrust collar and the able jointing compound.
flywheel mounting flange to the dimensions given on
Page B.6, acts to return the surplus oil reaching the 7. Spread a film of graphite grease over the exposed
seal. The two half housings fit over this helix and the inside diameter surface of the strip.
contact of the sealing strips with the crankshaft pre- 8. Assemble the half housings around the crankshaft
vents leakage beyond this point. rear journal and fasten together by the two set-
NOTE: When traces of oil become apparent from screws (See Fig. H.3).
behind the flywheel and a faulty rear oil seal is sus-
9. Swivel the complete seal housing on the shaft to
pected, first ensure that the crankcase is breathing
bed in the strips, and to establish that the assembly
normally. Any build up in crankcase pressure could
turns on the crankshaft.
cause oil to be forced past the rear sealing arrange-
ment. If crankcase pressure is normal and new seals 10. Bolt the seal housing in position on the block and
require to be fitted the following procedure should be the rear main bearing cap then finally tighten the
adopted with the crankshaft in position. securing setscrews.
 CRANKSHAFT AND MAIN BEARINGS-H.5
c E

Crankshaft Regrinding Data 0.20 in (0,51 mm)

0.010 in (0,25 mm) Undersize
Undersize 2.228/2.2285 in
Ai 2.238/2.2385 in (56.59/56,60 mm)
(56,85/56,86 mm) 2.2275/2.228 in
A2 2.2375/2.238 in (56,58/56,59 mm)
(56,83/56,85 mm) 1.9793/1.9801 in
B 1.9893/1.9901 in (50,27/50,29 mm)
(50,53/50,55 mm) 0.030 in (0,76 mm)
C 1.509 in (38,33 mm) maximum Undersize
D 1.1945 in (30,34 mm) maximum 2.21812.2185 in
E 1.516 in (38,51 mm) maximum (56,34/56,35 mm)
R1 0.12510.141 in (3,1713,58 mm) all journals 2.2175/2.218 in
R2 0.156/0.172 in (3,96/4,37 mm) all crankpins (56,32/56,34 mm)
1.9693/1.9701 in
(50,02/50,04 mm)

Surface finish of crankpins and journals 16 micro inches (0,4 microns) C.L.A. Maximum.
Surface finish of fillet radii 50 micro inches (1 ,3 microns)
Magnetic crack detection D.C. Flow 2 amps A.C. Current - 1000 amps
Limits of taper and out of round for pins and journals:
Taper 0.00035 in Out of Round 0.0004 in
(0,009 mm) (0,010 mm)
Maximum Run-out with crankshaft mounted on the end main journals
Independent readings:
Crankshaft Pulley Rear Oil Seal Flywheel Flange
Diameter T.I.R. Diameter T.I.R. Diameter T.I.R.
0.002 in (0,05 mm) 0.002 in (0,05 mm) 0.002 in (0,05 mm)
Journals T.I.R.
Number 1. Number 2. Number 3.
Mounting 0.003 in (0,08 mm) Mounting

4.108 Series Workshop Manual, June 1986

 SECTION J
Timing Case and Drive
case is of aluminium and the seal housing is 19,0
mm (0.75 in) deep there is a production and a
service position for the seal. The production
position is 6,3 mm (0.248 in) and the service
position is 9,3 mm (0.366 in) from the flat front
face of the seal to the front of the seal housing.
The production position may be used again if
there is no wear on the pulley. If the seal has a
protruding dust lip ensure that the fitting tool has
a suitable recess for the lip.

To Refit the Timing Case Cover

1. Using a new joint, lightly coated with a suitable
jointing compound, place the front cover in posi-
tion taking care not to damage the rubber lip of
the oil seal on the crankshaft pulley key.
2. Fit the timing case cover to the timing case back
J1 plate by the use of two opposite setscrews
loosely tightened. Ensure that the cover is
correctly aligned by the use of centralising tool
Note: There are a few engines fitted with spur gears PD.160 on the crankshaft and in the seal
instead of helical gears shown in this section. These housing and lightly tighten the assembly by the
spur gears have a different number of teeth, but fitting crankshaft pulley setscrew and washer. Tighten
and timing is the same as given. all the timing case cover setscrews and nuts and
To carry out the following procedure it is assumed that remove the tool. If a centralising tool is not
either working space exists with the engine 'in situ' or available, the crankshaft pulley can be used to
it is removed from the vehicle or application. align the cover.
Note: Where a centralising tool is used with a
pressed steel cover, the crankshaft front oil seal
To Remove the Timing Case Covel' has to be fitted after the cover is fitted.
3. Fit the crankshaft pulley retaining setscrew or dog-
1. Slacken the generator mounting bolts, release the nut and lighten to the torque given on Page B.2.
adjusting arm setscrew and remove the generator 4. Refit the fan belt and tension as described on
drive belt. Page M.1.
2. Remove the crankshaft pulley retaining setscrew
or dognut and withdraw the pulley which is a To Remove the Idler Gear and Hub
keyed or splined fit on the crankshaft.
3. Remove the securing setscrews and nuts from the 1. Remove the timing case front cover as previously
timing case and carefully remove the cover, taking described in this section.
care not to catch the rubber lip of the oil seal on
the crankshaft pulley locating key or splines.

To Renew the Crankshaft front Oil Seal

Oil seals which have a series of windback grooves on

I the face of the main and a shaft direction arrow on
the front face of the seal have the oil thrower
I removed and a spacer fitted in its place. Crankshaft
I pulleys which have a wear ring use a seal with a
I larger internal diameter.
I 1. Using a suitable dolly and press, push the oil seal
out through the front of the timing case cover.
If a centralising tool is to be used to align a timing
gear cover of pressed steel, then the seal should
not be fitted until the timing gear cover has been
I fitted.
I 2. Locate the new seal in position so that the garter
spring faces inwards. Where the timing gear
case is of pressed steel, push the seal into the
seal housing until it butts against the seal
retaining lip, giving local support to the cover as
the seal is pressed home. Where the timing gear J2
 TIMING CASE AND DRIVE-J.2

2. Tap back the locking tabs and unscrew the two

idler hub securing setscrews.
3. The setscrews, idler gear and hub may now be
removed together as shown in Fig. J.1.
4. Clean and thoroughly examine the gear and hub
for signs of excessive wear, cracks, pitting, etc.

To Refit the Idler Gear and Hub

1. After ensuring that the oilways in the hub and gear
are clear, hold the gear in position with the
timing marks correctly aligned.
NOTE: If the cylinder head assembly has not been,
disturbed, then the cylinder head cover and rocker
shaft should be removed in order to allow the
camshaft to be turned to facilitate the aligning of
the timing marks.
2. Insert the hub as shown in Fig. J.2 so that the
holes in the hub and the cylinder block are in
alignment and secure with the two setscrews. J3
NOTE: Clearance is provided in the setscrew holes
of the idler gear hub, to provide the necessary
backlash adjustment for the timing gears. To Refit the Camshaft Gear
Backlash should be set at the tightest point.
3. Using the adjustable idler gear, backlash between 1. Remove the idler gear and hub, cylinder head
both crankshaft gear/idler gear and camshaft cover and rocker shaft (if not previously removed).
gear/idler gear should be set within the range 2. Refit the gear to the camshaft ensuring that the
given on Page B.9 with the gears held together 'D' marks on the gear and camshaft hub respec-
in order to take up the effect of bearing clear tively align as shown !n Fig. J.6.
ance. Blacklash may be checked by the use of 3. Refit the three securing setscrews and tighten to
feeler gauges as shown in Fig. J.3. a torque of 19-21 Ibf ft (2,6-2,9 kg! m).
NOTE: Only the plain (non-slotted) holes in the
4. When the backlash has been correctly set. finally
camshaft gear are to be used and these will align
tighten the idler gear hub securing setscrews to
with the tapped holes on the camshaft hub when
the torque given on Page B.2.
the 'D' marks are alignment.
5. Check the gear end float as shown Fig. Refit the idler and gear, case
the limits are given on Page B.9. etc., as detailed section.
gear
the tabwashers.

NOTE: The gears

appear as shown Fig.

7. the timing case front cover. as pre

viously detailed in this section.

up to a
hydraulic

Remove
Remove the timing case front cover.
2. Remove the three securing setscrews and ease
gear away from its location.
3. Examine the gear for signs excessive
cracks, pitting, etc. J4
 TIMING CASE AND DRIVE-J.3

2. Refit the three securing setscrews, and tighten to

a torque of 19-21 Ibf ft (2,6-2,9 kgf m).
3. Refit the idler gear and hub, timing case front
cover, etc.

To Fit New Fuel Pump Gear

In the event of a new fuel pump gear being required,
this will be supplied without timing marks and to
ensure correct fitment of the gear and timing of the
fuel injection pump, the following procedure should be
adopted:-

Using Special Tool MS67B (see Fig. N.12)

1. Turn crankshaft until Nos. 1 and 4 pistons are at

T.D.C., No. 1 piston being on compression stroke.
2. Remove fuel pump gear.
3. Ensure that the timing marks on crankshaft gear,
idler gear and camshaft coincide.
4. Remove fuel pump.
5. Set special tool MS67B to the correct checking
angle (see Page B.12).
6. Fit special tool in place of fuel pump and line up
the slotted pOinter with the timing mark on the fuel
pump mounting flange.
J5 7. Fit the new fuel pump gear, holding gear against
the direction of rotation to take up backlash. Tighten
the retaining setscrews.
8. Mark the new fuel pump gear with a scribed line to
coincide with the scribed line on the fuel pump
driving hub. Also stamp two dots on the new gear
to coincide with the single dot on the idler gear
(see Fig. K.1).
9. Check backlash of timing gears and adjust within
the limits as detailed on Page J.2.

Where the special tool is not available, the following

method should be adopted.

1. Turn crankshaft until Nos. 1 and 4 pistons are at

T.O.C., Nos. 1 piston being on compression stroke.
2. Remove fuel pump gear and idler gear.
3. Replace idler gear ensuring that timing marks on
crankshaft gear, idler gear and camshaft gear
coincide.
4. Turn crankshaft in opposite direction to normal
J6
direction for about a quarter of a revolution. Then
turn in normal direction until No.1 piston is at its
static timing point (see Page N.7).
To Remove the Fuel Pump Gear 5. Remove fuel pump inspection plate (mechanically
governed pumps) or plate embodying fuel return
1. Remove the timing case front cover.
connection (hydraulically governed pumps)
2. Remove the idler gear and hub.
enabling the fuel pump rotor to be seen.
3. Remove the three securing setscrews and ease
6. Then turn fuel pump driving hub until scribed line
the gear from its location on the fuel pump driving
on the rotor marked "A" or "C" (for hydraulically
hub.
4. Examine the gear for signs of excessive wear, governed and mechanically governed pumps res-
pectively) coincides with the square end of the
cracks, piting, etc.
fuel pump timing circlip.
7. Ensuring timing gears and fuel pump shaft do not
To Refit the Fuel Pump Gear move, fit fuel injection pump gear and secure with
three setscrews.
1. Refit the fuel pump gear so that the timing marks 8. Turn crankshaft back slightly and then forward
on the gear and hub respectively are in alignment again to No. 1 piston on static timing point to
as shown in Fig. J.7. check that fuel pump timing is correct.
TIMING CASE AND DRIVE-J.4

J9
5. Examine the drive hub also the bearing in which
it runs for signs of excessive wear, surface cracks
J7 pitting etc. '

NOTE: The bearing is an interference fit in the

9. Bring crankshaft up to T.O.C. fer Nos. 1 and 4
cylinder block and replacement is carried out by
pistons, No. 1 piston being on its compression
means of a suitable dolly and puller or press if the
stroke and mark new fuel pump gear with a
block is completely stripped. the new one being
scribed line to coincide with the scribed line on
fitted in the reverse manner.
the fuel pump driving hub: also stamp two dots on
the new gear to coincide with the single dot on the The earlier bronze service bearing had a 0.010 in
idler gear. (0,25 mm) allowance for machining in situ. The
current steel bearing is fitted with 2 pre-finished
10. When replacing a fuel pump, it will be neces-
wrapped bushes.
sary to adjust the timing gem blacklash to within
the limits prescribed on Page J.2.
To Refit the Fuel Pump Drive Hub
To Remove the Fuel Pump Drive Hub 1. Replace the drive hub in the bearing and locate
with the circlip as shown in Fig. J.9.
1. Remove the timing case front cover and fuel pump
2. Check the drive hub end float by means of feeler
gear. gauges placed between the front face of the
2. Remove the low and high pressure fuel pipes from
bearing and the rear face of the drive hub. The end
the fuel (injection) pump.
float limits are given on Page B.9.
3. Remove the fuel pump securing setscrews and
3. Refit the fuel pump as detailed on Page N.6.
withdraw the pump. 4. Refit the low and high pressure fuel pipes to the
4. Remove the drive hub locating circlip and with-
fuel pump.
draw the drive hub from its bearing (Refer Fig.
5. Refit the fuel pump drive gear, idler gear and hub,
J.8) .
timing case front cover etc.

To Remove the Timing Case Back Plate

1. Remove the timing case front cover and timing
gears.
2. Remove the fuel pump and drive hub.
3. Remove the securing setscrews and studs (where
fitted) .
4. Lift the timing case back plate clear from the cam-
shaft and crankshaft gear.
NOTE: The crankshaft gear is an interferance fit
on the crankshaft. Should its removal become
necessary, then this can be accomplished by the
use of a suitable puller.

To Refit the Timing Case Back Plate

1. Fit the timing case back plate to the cylinder block
using a new joint and suitable jointing compound.
2. Refit any studs removed and secure with the set-
screws.
3. Refit the fuel pump drive hub and fuel pump.
J8 4. Refit the timing gears, timing case front cover etc.
 TIMING CASE AND DRIVE-J.S

plates as illustrated in Fig. J.14.

To Remove the Camshaft and Tappets
8. Ease the camshaft out from the back and catch
To remove the camshaft it may be necessary to remove the two thrust plates as they come out of their
the engine from the vehicle or application and place in recess in the cylinder block.
a suitable dismantling stand where it can be turned 9. Withdraw the camshaft as shown in Fig. J.10 taking
upside down. The purpose of this is to prevent the care to ensure that the cams and journals are not
tappets from falling out of their locations when the damaged during this operation.
camshaft is removed. If however, it is not possible to 10. The tappets may now be removed by lifting them
turn the engine over in this manner, then this problem out of their locations (Refer to Fig. J.12) or by
may be overcome by attaching suitable clips (when the removal of the retaining clips if the engine is still
tappet inspection cover has been removed) to each the normal way up.
tappet to hold them in their locations when the cam- 11. Examine camshaft and tappets for signs of exces-
shaft is withdrawn from the block. sive wear, surface cracks, pitting etc.

1. Remove the engine from the vehicle or application

and mount in a suitable dismantling stand (where
available) correct way up.
2. Remove the cylinder head cover, rocker shaft and
push rods.
3. Remove the timing case front cover and timing
gears.
4. Remove the fuel lift pump, tappet inspection cover
and fuel pump operating push rod.
5. Turn the engine over so that the sump is now
uppermost:
NOTE: At this stage if it is not possble to turn the
engine over then the tappets should be lifted to
the top of their locations and secure with suitable
clips.
6. Remove the sump and lubricating oil pump assem-
bly. (Refer to Page L.1 for details of their re-
moval).
7. Remove the timing cover back plate as previously
detailed this will show the camshaft and thrust J10

4.

J11
1. Drive Hub
2. Lubricating Oil Pump Drive Gear
3. Groove for reduced oil pressure feed to
Rocker Shaft
4. Bearing Journals
TIMING CASE AND DRIVE-J.G

To Refit the Tappets and Camshaft

1. If the tappets have been removed liberally lubri-
cate them with clean engine oil and return to
their resective locations. Secure with clips (if
applicable) .
2. Carefully refit the camshaft into the cylinder block
exercising the same care as used during its re-
moval.
3. Before the camshaft is pushed fully home locate
the two thrust plates (Refer to Fig. J.13) (one of
which locates on the dowel in the recess) in posi-
tion, either side of the camshaft hub, when correct-
ly located the camshaft can be pushed fully home
and will appear as in Fig. J.14.
4. Refit the timing case back plate as previously des-
cribed.
5. Refit the lubricating oil pump assembly and sump
as described on Pages L.1 and LA.
6. Turn the engine over so the cylinder block top
face or cylinder head (if fitted) is uppermost.
7. Refit the timing gears, timing case front cover etc.,
as previously detailed.
8. Refit the fuel lift pump operating push rod (Refer J13
to Fig. J.15), tappet inspection cover, (after re-
moving any retaining clips) and fuel lift pump.
Refer to Fig. N.9.
9. Re-assemble the remainder of the engine com-
ponents in accordance with the instructions given
for each in the relevant part of this section.
10. With later engines having a splined crankshaft
nose with no master serration, the crankshaft pulley
is marked with a centre punch mark which must be
aligned with the scribed line on the crankshaft
nose (see Fig. J.16).

J12 J14
 10C No's1&4
..,.."..~..---_..-l.-....'Lliming Groove
cran\<S1alt Nose

J16
 SECTION K
Timing

K1

General crankshaft is uppermost as shown in Fig. K.1.

(This will bring Nos. 1 and 4 pistons to T.D.C.)
As timing gears are employed, the factory setting
remains constant. It is also worth remembering that 2. Fit the camshaft gear to its hub ensuring that the
the removal of the cylinder head in no way effects 'D' marks are correctly aligned. (Refer to Fig. J.5).
either the fuel pump or the valve timing. Secure with the three setscrews.

3. Similarly, fit the fuel pump gear to the fuel pump

TIMING MARKS drive hub ensuring that the stamped timing marks
align as shown in Fig. J.6. Secure with the three
When the engine is originally timed at the factory, setscrews.
certains marks are stamped on the gears, so that if for
any reason the engine timing has to be disturbed, then 4. Replace the idler gear so that the double dots on
to reset to the original timing is quite straight forward. thE; idler gear are matched to the single dot on the
crankshaft gear and single line (or dot) on the
camshaft gear, whilst the single dot on the idler
To Reset the Engine to the Original Timing gear matches with the double dots on the fuel
pump gear. These timing marks when correctly
Before commencing the retiming procedure it is positioned will appear as shown in Fig. K.1.
assumed that (a) the camshaft, fuel pump and idler
gears have all been removed, and (b) the camshaft is 5. Locate the idler gear with the hub and the two
free to turn by hand. (If the cylinder head assembly is securing setscrews using a new tabwasher.
still in position, it is advisable to remove the atomisers
and rocker shaft to facilitate the retiming operations). 6. Backlash adjustment should be carried out as
described under the heading 'To Refit the Idler
1. Turn the engine until the keyway in the front of the Gear and Hub. (See Page J.1).
TIMING-K.2

T.O.C. position and the other for the static fuel pump
timing position.
Always return this pin to its normal location im-
mediately T.O.C. has been determined and before any
attempt is made to turn or start the engine.

Checking Fuel Pump Timing-See Page N.S

Checking Valve Timing

To check the valve timing proceed as follows:
1. Turn the crankshaft until the valves of No. 4
cylinder are 'on overlap'.

2. In this position set the valve clearance of No. 1

inlet valve to 0.039 in (1 mm).

3. Turn the engine slowly in the normal direction of

rotation until the clearance No. 1 inlet valve is
just taken up. (In this condition it will just be poss-
ible to rotate No. 1 inlet valve push rod between
the thumb and the forefinger).
K2
4. Nos. 1 and 4 pistons will now be at T.O.C. if the
timing has been correctly set.
NOTE: When the timing has been reset, great
NOTE: No adjustment is provided for valve timing,
care should be exercised when first turning the
should the timing be incorrect and the camshaft
engine, for should the timing be incorrectly set,
gear has been correctly fitted to the camshaft hub,
even by only one tooth, there is the possibility that
the error will probably be due to incorrect align-
a valve head will strike the piston crown.
ment of the original timing marks on the drive
gears. Recheck as detailed on Page K.1.
TIMING PIN
When valve timing is originally set and checked
A timing pin is fitted at the bottom of the timing case during production a timing tolerance of plus or
cover on the left hand side. When it is unscrewed it minus 2~ (flywheel) degrees is allowed for item
locates in a hole machined in the rear face of the (4) above. When the timing has been correctly
crankshaft pulley (as shown in Fig. K.2l, when Nos. 1 set, do not forget to reset No. 1 inlet valve clear-
and 4 pistons are at T.O.C. ance to the correct figure also to return the timing
With some applications, two holes are provided in the pin to its correct location if it has been used to
rear face of the crankshaft pulley, i.e., one for the check T.O.C.
 SECTION L
Lubrication System

To Refit the Sump

1. Lightly apply a coating of a suitable jointing com-
pound to the crankcase and sump faces, position
the joints so that all the holes align.
NOTE: When the joints are being placed in posi-
tion it is important that the mitred ends go right
up into the recesses in the front and rear main
bearing caps.

2. Lightly apply a coating of jOinting compound to the

cork strips, then press these strips into the
grooves provided in the main bearing caps.

3. Place the sump in position and fit all the retaining

setscrews, tighten evenly.

4. Replace the dipstick and sump drain plug, then

refill with clean new oil of an approved grade to
the correct level. Do not overfill.

To Remove the Oil Pump

L1 1. Drain the engine oil and remove sump.

2. Remove the stra;ner from the end of the lubricating

oil suction pipe. (Refer to Fig. L.1).

The importance of correct and clean lubrication 3. Unscrew the delivery pipe securing nut to the
cannot be stressed too highly and all references to cylinder block and the setscrew securing the suc-
engine oil should be taken to mean lubricating oil tion pipe assembly to the rear main bearing cap.
which falls within the specification given in the appen-
dix. Care should be taken to ensure that the oil chosen
is that specified for the climatic conditions under
which the engine is operated.

THE LUBRICATING OIL PUMP

The oil pump fits into a machined bore in the cylin-
der block and is located by means of a screw locked
by a tab washer. (Refer to No. 24 "Index to Engine
Photographs" for its location).
The oil pump is driven through spiral gears from
the camshaft, on the other end of the drive shaft is
pressed and pinned a four lobed rotor. This rotor
meshes with and drives a five lobed rotor which is free
to rotate within the cast iron pump body.

To Remove the Sump

1. Remove the sump drain plug and drain th.e oil.
2. Remove the dipstick, sump securing setscrews and
remove the sump. L2
r- ROCKER SHAFT ASSEMBLY .-c:
t
(.V
I I
SPLASH I AND 'OlL MIST TO VALVE AND I GUIDE ASSE~IBLlES I OJ
I I I I I I I I I , :0
(')

::!
REDUCED PRESSURE
FEED o
z
(f)
-<
(f)
-I
m
s:
t .-I
t ~ t + ~ ~ t i'->

\ I \ / /
SPLASH AND OIL MIST SPLASH AND OIL MIST SPLASH AND OIL MIST SPLASH AND OIL MIST

~ \1/ \ t, \ f, ,tI

IDLER
GEAR
AND
HUB

MAIN OIL GALLERY

DRAINS BACK TO [HI SUMP BY GRAVITY

FUEL OIL
PUMP
DRIVE
HUB

I' ~, . - - I ...
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM-L.3

L4 L5

1. Relief Valve Housing 2. Install the drive shaft complete with inner rotor,
2. Rotor Housing then the outer (driven) rotor ensuring that the face
which carries the chamfered edge enters the pump
3. Hole for Locating Screw
body first (Refer Fig. L.5), now carry out the three
4. Pump Drive Gear following dimensional checks.

(a) Check the clearance between the inner and

4. Tap back the tab washer locking the location outer rotors. (Refer Fig. L.6).
screw and support the lubricating oil pump assem-
bly (if the engine is the normal way up), whilst (b) Check the clearance between the outer rotor
the location screw is removed. and the pump body (Refer Fig. L.7).

5. Remove the lubricating oil pump assembly from (c) Check the clearance between the rotors and
the cylinder block as shown in Fig. L.2. the end cover assembly using a straight edge
and feeler gauges (Refer Fig. L.8).

To the Oil
1. Remove the delivery and suction pipes. The pump
will now be as shown in Fig. LA.

2. Withdraw the drive gear by means of a suitable

puller.

3. With the pump suitably held in a vice, (using

protective clamps) remove the four securing set-
screws and remove the end cover assembly.
N.B. This end cover assembly also incorporates the
pressure relief valve housing.

4. Withdraw the drive shaft complete with inner rotor.

N.B. It is advisable not to remove this inner rotor
from the shaft as this item is not available as a
separate part (See later note) ..

5. Withdraw the outer rotor.

Inspection
1. Inspect for signs of wear, cracks, pitting, etc. L6
LUBRICATION SYSTEM-LA

L9

1. Outlet to Main Oil Filter

2. Relief Valve Plunger
3. Plunger Spring
L7 4. Spring Cap
5. Retaining Splitpin
NOTE: The relevant clearances for these dimen-
sional checks are given on Page B.10, they are the
2. Insert the drive shaft complete with inner rotor
clearances applicable to a new pump and are in-
into the pump body.
tended to be used as a guide. Should a lubricating
oil pump be worn to such an extent that it ad- 3. Replace the end cover assembly and fit the four
versely effects the working oil pressure, then a re- securing setscrews. Ensure correct positioning so
placement pump should be obtained. that the suction and delivery pipes will locate
correctly.

To Re-Assemble the Oil Pump 4. Press the oil pump drive gear onto the shaft.

5. Finally rotate the pump by hand to ensure that it

1. Insert the outer rotor ensuring that the face which
turns quite freely.
carries the chamfered edge enters the pump body
first. (Refer Fig. L.5).
To Rem the Oil
1. Prime the lubricating oil pump with clean lubricating
oil.
2. Refit the suction and delivery pipes, do not tighten
the pipes at this stage.
3. Place the lubricating oil pump assembly in position,
locate with the securing screw and lock it with the
tab washer.
4. Tighten the delivery pipe at both ends, refit the
setscrew securing the suction pipe assembly.
5. Tighten the suction pipe at the pump end then
refit the strainer on the end of the suction pipe.
NOTE: The strainer which fits on the end of the
suction pipe should be thoroughly cleaned in a suit-
able cleaning fluid before being refitted. It is
good practice to remove this strainer and clean it
thoroughly on every occasion when the sump is
removed.
6. Replace the sump as previously detailed and
secure with the setscrews.
7. Fill the sump to the correct level with clean oil
of an approved grade.
L8
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM-L.S

NOTE: Caution should be exercised when restart- LUBRICATING OIL FILTERS

ing the engine, as it will take a moment or two for
the oil pump and pipes to prime, therefore the To ensure cleanliness of the lubricating oil a sump
engine speed should be kept to a minimum until strainer and a main full flow type of oil filter are fitted.
either gauge shows satisfactory pressure (where The sump strainer consists of a gauze wire container
fitted) or the oil pressure warning light is ex- which is fitted over the end of the lubrication oil pump
tinguished. suction pipe. All oil must pass through this strainer
before it reaches the oil pump.
The most satisfactory way to prime the lubricating oil
system is to motor the engine for approximately 10/20 The main full flow type oil filter is mounted externally
seconds with the stop control in the "no fuel" position on the side of the cylinder block. All the oil passes
until oil pressure is indicated before any attempt is through this filter after it leaves the pump, but before
made to start the engine. it reaches the bearings.

The full flow filter may incorporate a paper element in

OIL PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE a bowl or a screw on canister in which the element is
an integral part of the canister. At the appropriate time,
The oil pressure relief valve is contained in a housing as given on Page C.2, the paper element or the canister
integral with the oil pump end cover, which is secured should be renewed as detailed below.
to the rotor housing by four setscrews. This relief valve
controls the maximum oil pressure by allowing a spring
loaded plunger to move and by-pass excess oil back
to the sump when the pre-determined spring pressure To Renew the Paper Filter Element
given on page B.10 is exceeded.
1. Unscrew the filter bowl securing setscrew as shown
in Fig. L.1 O.
To Dismantle the Oil Pressure Relief Valve 2. Withdraw the filter bowl (Fig. L.11), remove the
element and .discard.
1. Drain the engine oil from the sump. 3. Clean the bowl in a suitable cleaning fluid.
2. Remove the sump securing setscrews and carefully 4. Renew the sealing ring in the filter head, where
remove the sump. necessary.
3. Continue as for removing the oil pump as pre- 5. Place the new element centrally in the bowl, posi-
viously detailed. tion the bowl and element assembly squarely and
4. Remove suction and delivery pipes. centrally on the filter head and tighten the bowl
5. Remove the four securing setscrews and remove securing setscrew.
the end cover assembly. 6. As the filter element will normally be changed at
6. Remove the split pin from the end of the housing the same time as the engine lubricating oil, refill
and withdraw the spring cap, spring and plunger. the sump with oil, run the engine and check for
An exploded view of the assembly is shown in Fig. oil leaks. Recheck the oil level after running the
L.9. engine and top up as necessary.
7. Thoroughly clean the parts, inspect for wear or The filter bowl securing setscrew should be checked
damage and renew if necessary. for tightness alter 1000 miles (1500 km) or 24 hours
running following a filter element change.

To ReAssemble the Oil Pressure Relief Valve

1. Replace the plunger, spring and spring cap then
secure with the split pin.
2. Secure to the lubricating oil pump body by means
of the four setscrews.
3. Continue as detailed for refitting the lubricating oil
pump.

Oil PRESSURE
Always ensure that with the engine running, oil
pressure is registering on the gauge or the oil pressure
warning light is extinguished.
Pressures do vary according to climatic conditions
and even between individual engines, but the oil pres-
sure range at normal working speed and temperature
is given on Page B.9. The pressure will drop whilst
the engine is idling and also a slight drop will be ex-
perienced when the oil is hot, this is quite normal. If,
however, the oil pressure is suspected of being too
high or too low then reference to the possible faults
listed under these headings given on Page D.1, may
prove helpful. l10
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM-L.6

To Renew the Filter Canister

1. Unscrew the canister from the filter head (see
Fig. L.12).
2. Check that the threaded adaptor is secure in the
filter head and discard the old canister. Clean the
filter head.
3. Using clean engine lubricating oil, lightly oil the
top seal of the new canister.
4. Prime the canister with lubricating oil allowing time
for the oil to filter through the element.
5. Screw the new canister on to the filter head until
the canister seal just touches the head and then
tighten by hand as detailed in the instructions on
the canister. Where a tool is available, tighten to 15
Ibf It (2,07 kgf m).
6. As the filter canister will normally be changed at
the same time as the engine lubricating oil, refill
the sump with oil, run the engine and check for oil
leaks. Recheck the oil level after running the
engine and top up as necessary.

L11
Oil Filter Assembly
In some instances the setscrews securing the filter
head to the cylinder block are enclosed within the
filter head and bowl assembly as shown in Fig. L.11.
With this arrangement, the filter bowl has to be re-
moved before the filter head can be detached from the
block.
When fitting the filter head joint, ensure that the holes
in the joint line up with the corresponding drillings in
the cylinder block.

ByPass Valve
Should the lubricating oil filter element be allowed
to become contaminated to the extent where the lubri-
cating oil has difficulty in passing through the element,
then a pressure difference will build up between the
inlet and outlet sides of the filter assembly. When this
pressure reaches the figure given on Page B.10, a ball
valve will open in the filter headcasting and allow un-
filtered oil to by-pass the filter element to prevent the
engine being starved of oil. l12
 SECTION M
Cooling System

The engine is cooled by water circulation through To Remove the Fan Belt
passages in the cylinder block and cylinder head. Cir-
culation is by thermo-syphon action, assisted by an 1. Slacken the generator adjusting lever setscrew.
impeller type water pump, belt driven from the crank- 2. Slacken the generator to bracket mounting bolts.
shaft pully. 3. Pivot the generator towards the cylinder block.
4. Turn the engine slowly by hand and work the fan
FAN BELT belt off the water pump pulley.
5. The belt can now be lifted from the generator and
To Adjust the Fan Belt crankshaft pulleys and removed from the engine.
6. Examine the belt for signs of fraying or cracks in
Fan belt adjustment is achieved by altering the posi-
the rubber and renew if necessary.
tion of the generator as detailed below.
1. Slacken the generator adjusting lever setscrew.
2. Slacken the two generator to bracket mounting
bolts.
3. Move the generator either towards or away from
the engine to either slacken or tighten the belt.
To Refit the Fan Belt
4. Lock in the desired position by tightening the
Refitting the belt is just a reversal of the removal
ge:1erator adjusting lever setscrew.
operation. Adjust the belt tension as previously
5. Belt tension must be adjusted so that, without detailed under the heading "To Adjust the Fan
undue pressure, the belt can be depressed '% in 8elt".
(10 mm) with the thumb at the centre of the If a new belt ha'. been fitt0d refer to the note given
longest free length (see Fig. M 1). after the details on fan belt adjustment.
6. If the tension is correct tighten the two generator
to bracket mounting bolts.
NOTE: When a new belt is fitted, it is advisable to
recheck the adjustment after only a comparatively
short running period. This is to allow for the initial
stretch which is common to new belts, once this WATER PUMP
initial stretch has taken place the belt may be
checked in accordance with Periodical Attentions. General
Two different types of pump are used, depending upon
the application. In one type of pump the impeller shaft
is supported by two separate bearings, as shown in
Fig. M.3 and in the other the bearings are combined
with the shaft to form one assembly, as shown in Fig.
M.4. The lastest pumps of both types incorporate a
stationary seal that registers on a ceramic counterface
revolving with the impeller. Earlier pumps incorporate
a revolving seal that registers on a stationary counter-
face fitled in an insert fixed to the pump body, as
shown in Fig. M.5. In earlier pumps to the type shown
in Fig. M.5, the seal registers directly on to the insert.

To Remove the Water Pump

1. Tap back the locking tabs, remove the fan securing
setscrews and remove the fan (and adaptor where
fitted) .
2. Remove the fan belt as previously detailed.
3. Unscrew the four setscrews securing the water
pump and back plate to the cylinder block.
4. Remove the water pump and backplate.
COOLING SYSTEM-M.2

0.000/0.006 in
(0,00/0,15 mm)

7 6
M2 M4

To Dismantle the Separate Bearing Type bearings, press out the shaft (8) through the rear
of the pump complete with the impeller (6)
Pump (Fig. M.3) counterface (7), seal (9) and thrower (10).
3. Press the impeller from the shaft and remove the
NOTE: On later pumps items 4, 5, 10 and 11 are no counterface, seal and thrower.
longer fitted and a longer distance piece has been 4. Hemove the bearing circlip (13) and using a suit-
introduced to accommodate the removal of the seal able adaptor, press the bearings (12) and distance
retaining flange (4). piece (2) out through the front of the body (3).
5. Remove the seal retaining flange (4), felt seal (11)
1. Where necessary remove the pulley circlip (14) and seal retainer (5).
and using a suitable puller, remove the pulley (1)
as shown in Fig. M.2. Make a note of the position
To Dismantle the Combined and
of any pump securing setscrew that has been
trapped in its location by the pulley. Shaft (
2. Using a suitable adaptor that will pass through the
Using a suitable puller, remove the pulley (1), as
shown in Fig. M.2. Make a note of the position of
any pump securing setscrew that has been trapped
in its location by the pulley.
2. Remove the clip (7) through the aperture in the
pump body (2).
3. Press the bearing and shaft assembly (8) out
through the rear of the pump complete with the
impeller (3), counterface (4), seal (5) and
thrower (6)
Ii 4. Press the impeller from the shaft and remove the
counterface, seal and thrower.

To Dismantle Earlier (
II This is the same as for the later types detailed above
~77?:;rz2:Z~st22~~j~iE~~~1_ except that the insert (1) will be pressed out with the
. ri 9 shaft and impeller.

Inspection
1. Examine the pump body for cracks, corrosion or
any other damage. Check that the seal housing
bore is not damaged. Renew where necessary.
2. Examine the shaft and bearing assembly for wear
or corrosion. Renew where necessary.
3. Examine the water thrower flange for damage or
corrosion. Renew where necessary.
M3
 COOLING SYSTEM-M.3

pressure will press the pulley on the shaft, a re-

placement pulley and lor shaft should be fitted.
8. Ensure that the carbon sealing face of the seal (9)
is clean and fit the seal squarely in its housing.
9. Check that the sealing face of the counterface (7)
is clean and position the counterface, by hand only,
with the sealing insert registering with the carbon
face of the seal.
0.029/0.033 in 10. With the pump resting on the front end of the shaft
(0,74/0,84 mm) and the pump body unsupported, press on the
impeller (6) until the rear face of the impeller
vanes is 0.000/0.006 in (0,00/0,15 mm) below the
rear face of the body.

To Assemble the Combined Bearing and

Shaft Type Pump (Fig. M.4)
1. Press the bearing and shaft assembly (8) into the
pump body (2), with the smaller diameter end to-
wards the rear, until the retaining clip grooves of
the bearing and body align. Fit the retaining clip
(7).
2. Locate any pump securing setscrews that cannot
be fitted after the pulley (1) is in position and
press the pulley on to the shaft until the front end
M5 of the pulley is flush with the front end of the shaft.
3. Press the thrower (6) into its position on the shaft.
4. Ensure that the carbon face of the seal (5) is
4. Examine the water pump seal, counterface or insert clean and fit the seal squarely into its housing.
for excessive wear, scoring or cracks on the sealing 5. Check that the sealing face of the counterface (4)
faces. Renew where necessary. is clean and position the counterface, by hand only,
5. Remove rust and scale from the impeller and ex-
with the sealing insert registering with the carbon
amine for excessive corrosion or other damage.
face of the seal.
Renew where necessary. 6. With the pump resting on the front end of the sheft
6. Examine the pump pulley for signs of cracks, and the pump body unsupported, press on the
corrosion or any other damage. Renew where impeller (3) until the rear face of the impeller
necessary. vanes is 0.000/0.006in (0,00/0,15 mm) below the
rear face of the pump body.

To A.ssemble the Separate Bearing Type

(fig. M.3)
To A.ssemble Earlier
I NOTE: On later pumps items 4, 5, 0
and 1 are no
longer fitted and a longer distance piece has been This is the same procedure as for the later types de-
introduced to accommodate the removal of the seal tailed above except for the following points.
retaining flange (4). Before assembly, thoroughly clean the insert recess
and drain hole in the body with cleaning spirit or
1. Position the thrower (10) in its compartment in the Locquic 'Q'.
pump body (3) with the central protrusion of the
After fitting the bearings and shaft assembly and the
thrower towards the rear.
thrower, lightly coat the locating diameter of the insert
2. Insert the seal retainer (5) and position the felt
(1) and the inner diameter of the insert recess with
seal (11) and seal retaining flange (4) with the
grade 'AVV' Loctite. Ensure that the counterface (2)
dish of the flange towards the felt seal.
is clean and press the insert home with the cQunterface
3. Press the bearings (12) and distance piece (2) on
to the rear of the pump. Clean off any surplus Loctite.
to the shalt (8) with the shielded faces of the
When pressing in the insert, ensure that the sealing
bearings facing outwards to the front and rear
face of the counterface is not damaged. Check that the
ends of the shaft and three quarters fiJi the bear-
carbon face of the seal (3) is clean and position the
ings and space between the bearings with high
seal with this face registering on the counterface.
melting point grease.
4. Press the bearings and shaft assembly into the With the pump resting on the front end of the shaft
body, ensuring that the shaft passes through the and the body unsupported, press on the impeller until
thrower. Fit the retaining circlip (13). the rear face of the impeller vanes is 0.029/0.033 in
5. Press the thrower into its position on the shaft. (0,7410,84 mm) below the rear face of the pump. On
6. Locate any pump securing setscrews that cannot earlier pumps where the seal face registers directly on
be fitted after the pulley (1) is in position. to the insert with no counterface fitted, the impeller
7. Press the pulley on to the shaft until it abuts the should be pressed on to the shaft until the clearance
front bearing and where applicable, fit the pulley between the front face of the impeller and the water
circlip (4). When the pulley is fitted during pro- pump body. is 0.005/0.010 in (0,12/0,25 mm). This can
duction, a pressure of 2~ - 3 tonflin 2 (3,94/4.73 be checked by means of a feeler gauge through the
kgflmm2) is required. If a substantially reduced outlet channel of the pump body.
COOLING SYSTEM-M.4

To Refit the Water Pump

1. Fit the backplate followed by the water pump to
the cylinder block, using new joints lightly coated
with suitable jointing compound.
2. Secure the water pump assembly to the cylinder
block with the four setscrews.
3. Refit the fan belt and adjust to the correct tension.
4. Refit the fan using new lockwashers.

Water Pump Seals

Where 'Ceramic counter face water pump seals are fitted,

if the engine is run without coolant, even for a few
seconds, the heat build-up between the carbon seal and
ceramic counter face is very rapid, resulting in the
cracking of the ceramic. This often creates the mis-
understanding that the cause of leakage is due to the
incorrect assembly of the sealing arrangement of the
water pump.

M6
THERMOSTAT
be as stamped on the unit by the manufacturers.
To Remove the Thermostat 3. If the unit does not function properly then a re-
placement thermostat will be required, as no
1. Drain the coolant from the radiator. adjustment of these units is possible.
2. Remove the water hose from the engine water out- Certain engine applications have an external bypass
let connection at the front of the cylinder head. which incorporates a thermostat with a bypass blanking
3. Remove the two nuts and washers securing the valve. This valve closes the bypass port as the thermo-
outlet connection to the thermostat housing. stat opens directing the coolant through the radiator.
4. Remove the outlet connection and joint. (see Fig. M.7). When replacing a thermostat, the cor-
5. Lift ouLthe thermostat as shown in Fig. M.6. rect type must be fitted. Failure to fit the correct
thermostat may result in the engine overheating.

To Test the Thermostat To Replace the Thermostat

1. Immerse the thermostat in a suitable container of Replacing the thermostat is a reversal of the removal
water and slowly heat. An accurate thermometer procedure. A new joint should be fitted between the
should be available to check the temperature of thermostat housing and the water outlet connection.
the water as it rises.
2. Note the temperature at which the valve in the When the radiator has been refilled with coolant, check
unit commences to open. This temperature should that no leaks are visible.

------ I===I=====~

M7
1. Thermostat

2. Thermostat Bypass Valve

3. Bypass Outlet

4. Outlet to Radiator
 SECllON N
Air Cleaners and Fuel System
AIR CLEANERS 2 3 4 5 6

Operating conditions play an important part in de-

ciding how frequently it is necessary to service the air
cleaner. If you are working in dusty conditions then
the air cleaner should be attended to every day. as
indicated under "Preventive Maintenance".
If not already fitted, you should consider the fitting
of an 18 in water gauge RESTRICTION INDICATOR in
the air trunking between the air cleaner and the engine
induction manifold. It indicates by means of a visual
signal when the air cleaner element needs servicing.
A means of visual signalling for the "Rotopamic"
type air cleaner failure is the use of the "DUST
SIGHT". A window in this device becomes cloudy
N1
when the system has failed', but this type of indicator is
usually only used with the two stage extreme heavy
duty cleaners.
'1. Body Assembly
The type of air cleaner fitted to your vehicle or
2. Element Assembly
machine depends upon the manufacturer of your equip- 3. Nut and Gasket Assembly
ment. Usually, guidance for the method of servicing is 4. Clamp Assembly
shown on the b'ody of the air cleaner. but the following 5. Baffle Skirt
advice will also help. 6. Cup Assembly

Inspect the element by placing a bright light in its

centre. Any pin holes, thin spots or ruptures render the
element unfit for further use. This cleaning procedure
reduces the effective life of the element.
Dry Type Two Stage "Cyclopac" See Fig. N.1
With all dry type elements, they should be renewed
The dust bowl collects the heavier particles which after six cleanings and at least once a year, which-
are thrown out by the centrifuge path of the air. This ever occurs first.
dust enters the bowl by the slot in the baffle plate. The Never use petrol (gasoline) for cleaning.
level of dust in the bowl must not be allowed to reach
to within half an inch of the slot in the baffle plate.
For cleaning purposes the assembly should be re-
moved from the engine. With horizontal installations the
slot in the baffle is located at the top.
Remove the dust bowl by releasing the pinch
screwed clamp. Remove the baffle from the interior of Dry Type Two Stage "Cyclone" See Fig. N.2
the dust cup by lifting it out, which gives access to the
dust for removal. The element can be removed by The AUTOMATIC DUST EJECTOR should always be
releasing the wing nut. kept clean and the lips of the rubber ejector checked
to see that they close but do not adhere together.
Renew the element or clean by back flow air pres-
sure no more than 100 Ibflin 2 or washing in a non To service the element, unscrew the clamping screw
foaming detergent as recommended by the air cleaner and remove the element retaining strip. Remove the
manufacturers. Allow the element to soak for at least seal plate (if fitted) and element.
ten minutes and then gently agitate. Rinse the element
If the element is contaminated by dry dust, clean
with clean water and allow to dry. Do not use oven
by carefully tapping by hand or by directing low pres-
heat.
sure compressed air on to the clean side of the ele-
WARNING: There is a danger that some of the dust ment. If the element is contaminated by oil or soot, it
remaining in the element after it is washed will be can be cleaned by washing in a suitable non-foaming
pulled through into the engine if the element is re- detergent. After washing, rinse out thoroughly by
placed in a wet condition. The reason for this is that directing clean water to clean air side of element and
the water acts as carrier for the dust. allow to dry - do not oven dry.
 AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM-N.2

N2 Oil Bath Air Cleaners - See Fig. N.4

Inspect cleaned element by placing a bright light To service the oil bath type cleaner, the lid should
inside and looking through element. Any thin spots, pin be removed and the element lifted out. The oil in the
holes or other damage will render the element unfit for container should be drained out and the dirt and
further use. sludge thoroughly cleaned out with a proprietary
The element should be renewed after six detergent cleaning fluid or Kerosene. Refill the container with
washes or annually, whichever occurs first. Clean the clean new engine lubricating oil, to the indicated level.
inside of the element body and dry thoroughly. Inspect The woven filter element should be cleaned in a bath
joints, hoses and clips and renew where necessary. of Kerosene. Do not use petrol (gasoline) as this
Re-assemble cleaner ensuring that all jOints are leak highly volatile fuel could cause explosive damage
proof. within the engine. The indicated filling mark level
should never be exceeded, otherwise oil can be drawn
up into the engine which could lead to uncontrolled
engine speeds, and excessive engine wear.
Extreme Heavy Duty Two Stage,
with Multiple Elements "Rotopamic" -
See Fig. N.3
The "Rotopamic" type air cleaner may be fitted
where the application is designed to work in heavy
concentrations of dust and a restriction indicator must
be fitted.
The air cleaner elements are replaceable and no
attempt should be made to clean or re-use dirty ele-
ments or cartridges.

N4

The heavy duty oil bath air cleaners are usually

fitte.d with a centrifugal pre-cleaner mounted on top of
the main cleaner, this should be removed and the air
inlet vanes in the bottom plate of the assembly, the
ejection slots on the side of the cone and the vanes
in the outlet tube, cleaned of dust and dirt. The de-
tachable element is accessible by lowering the oil
container which may be attached by clips or a pinch
screwed clamp.
Thoroughly clean the container and refill to the in-
N3 dicated level with new engine lubricating oil. The
separate element should be cleaned in a Kerosene
For cartridge replacement, unclamp and remove the bath.
moisture eliminator or pre-cleaner panel, pull out the The upper element which is permanently attached
dirty cartridges and insert the new ones. Refit the pre- inside the body should be periodically cleaned by
cleaner. washing in a Kerosene bath. Drain the element
Never use petrol (gasoline) for cleaning any of the thoroughly before reassembly and do not use petrol
air induction system. (gasoline) for cleaning purposes.
 AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM-N.3

FUEL OIL FILTERS

The element in this f:lter is of the paper type ane.
therefore no attempt should be made to clean it. Its
life will be governed by the quality and condition of
the fuel passing through it. but under average con-
ditions the element should be renewed in accordance
with the recommended Periodical At:entions given on
Page C.2. This period would naturally be reduced if it
was apparent from the condition of the element if
removed and inspected. that conditions warranted it.
I On early engines the filter element is contained inside
I a filter bowl, (Fig. N5). On later engines the filter
I element is situated between the filter head and the
I bottom cover, (Fig. N6).

To Renew the Filter Element

1. Clean the outside of the filter.

2. Release the setscrew in the centre of the filter
head.
3. Lower the filter bowl, (Fig. N5) or the bottom
.J cover, (Fig. N6) depending on which type of filter
J is used and discard any fuel together with the
used filter element.
J
1 4. Clean the inside of the filter head and the inside
of the filter bowl or bottom cover.
5. Inspect the seals and renew them if they are N6
damaged.
6. Place the new filter element inside the bowl or
put the bottom cover on the bottom of the new
2. Rotate the engine and note if there is a well
filter element. Offer up the filter bowl or element
defined spurt of fuel from the outlet port once
assembly to fit centrally on the seal in the filter
every two eng ine revolutions.
head.
7. Hold in this position whilst the securing setscrew NOTE: As an alternative the pump may be
is located and tightened. Do not overtighten. operated by means of the hand primer as shown
8. Prime the fuel system as detailed in page N. 11. in Fig. N.7, which should give the same result
every time the priming lever is operated. However
should the engine happen to have stopped in such
a position that the eccentric operating the lift
FUEL LIFT PUMP pump is in the maximum lift position, then it will
the in Position not be possible to operate the hand primer
properly. If such a condition arises the remedy is
1. Disconnect the outlet pipe (lift pump to filter) to rotate the engine one complete revolution.
leaving a free outlet from the pump.

N5 N7
 AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM-N.4

Pressure Checking of Fuel Lift Pump 4. Examine the rocker arm, operating lever, rocker
in Position arm retaining pin and rocker arm return spring
for wear. Replace any parts where necessary.
Fit a 0-10 Ibflin 2 (0-0,7 kgflcm2) or 0-70 kN/m 2 pressure 5. Replace all joints, seals and washers as routine
gauge to the outlet of the pump. Ensure that there are procedure.
no leaks at the connections between pump and gauge.
Crank the engine for 10 seconds and note the maximum 6. Examine upper and lower castings for wear or
reading on the gauge. If the pressure recorded is less distortion. Slight distortion of flanges can be
than 75% of the minimum production static pressure remedied by grinding the flange face to restore
shown below, then rectify the pump. Also observe the flatness.
rate at which the pressure drops to half the maximum
figure obtained when cranking has ceased. If less than To Re-Assemble the Lift Pump
30 seconds, rectFfy the pump.
Examine the casting and ensure that there is
Minimum Production Minimum Test Pressure sufficient material to provide a sound staking when
Static Pressure (75% of Minimum new valves are fitted.
Production Pressure)
Ibflin 2 kgflcm2 kN/m 2 Ibflin 2 kgflcm2 kN/m 2 Clean the valves recesses to allow the new valves
to be correctly fitted.
4 bolt type 6 0,42 41 4.5 0,31 31
2 bolt type 6 0,42 41 4.5 0,31 31 1. Insert a new valve gasket in each valve recess.

2. Place the new valves in the recesses. The valve

in the inlet port should be fitted with the spring
To Remove the Lift Pump outwards (i.e., towards the diaphragm flange) and

1. Disconnect the pipes from the inlet and outlet

ports. Seal the ends of the pipes to prevent the
entry of foreign matter.

2. Remove the two nuts and washers holding the

pump to the tappet inspection cover. Withdraw the
pump, distance piece and joints.

To Dismantle the Lift Pump

1. Before dismantling, make a file mark across the

flanges for location purposes when the pump
is being re-assembled.

2. Remove the five cover screws and separate the

two main castings, then remove the diaphragm
assembly from the lower half by turning the dia-
phragm through 90' in either direction.

NOTE: The diaghragm and pull rod assembly is a

permanent assembly and no attempt should be
made to separate the parts.

3. Remove the retaining clip from one side of the

pump body and push out the rocker arm retaining
pin. Withdraw the rocker arm, etc., from the body.

4. Prise out the valves with a screwdriver or other

suitable tool.

Inspection

I. Check the diaphragm assembly and renew if the

material is split or cracked, or if serious wear is
apparent in the link engagement slot.

2. The diaphragm spring should be replaced if faulty

or corroded. A new spring should have the same
colour identification (Refer to Page B.11).

3. Replace the valves unless they appear to be in per-

fect condition. N8
 AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM-N.S

the valve in the outlet port fitted in the reverse

position.

3. Press the valves home with a suitable piece of

tubing. approximately 9/16 in (14,29 mm) inside
diameter and {f in (19,05 mm) outside diameter.

4. Stake the casting in six places (between the

original stakings) round each valve, with a suitable
punch.

NOTE: Valves fitted to earlier lift pumps were

held in position with a retaining plate and two
screws. On no account should attempts be made
to stake the valves of this earlier type pump.
5. Place the rocker arm retaining pin in the appro-
priate hole in the lower casting and push through
until it protrudes slightly inside.

6. Fit one packing washer and the link into the casting
moving the pin in slightly to retain them.

7. Fit the rocker arm and return spring and retain by

moving the pin in further, ensuring that the spring
seats correctly. N9
8. Fit the remaining packing washer, then push the
rocker arm retaining pin through the link, washer
and casting until the ends protrude equally beyond
the outside of the casting.

9. Retain by securing with the two clips.

10. Insert the new rubber sealing washer followed by

the steel seating washer and diaphragm return
spring.

11. Place the diaphragm assembly over the spring

with the pull rod downwards, locating the top of
the spring in the diaphragm protector washer.

12. Now position the pull rod so that the flat notched
blade has one of its thin edges facing the rocker FUEL INJECTION PUMP
arm. Press downwards on the diaphragm assembly
and twist it through 90" in either direction, this Description
action will engage and retain the pull rod in the
fork of the link. The fuel injection pump is of the D.P.A. distributor
type. It is a precision built unit incorporating a simple
13. Operate the rocker arm against the diaphragm hydraulic governor or alternatively one of the mech-
spring pressure until the diaphragm is level with anical flyweight type depending upon the application
the body flange. to which the engine is fitted.
14. Place the cover assembly in position and line up the
file marks made on the flanges prior to dismantling.

15. Still holding the diaphragm level with the body To Remove the Fuel Injection Pump
flanges, fit the five flange securing screws, tighten
evenly and securely. 1. Remove the four high pressure pipes between the
pump and the atomisers and blank off all ports to
prevent the ingress of foreign particles.

2. Remove the low pressure fuel pipes from the inlet

and outlet connections and blank off all ports.

To Refit the Fuel lift Pump 3. Disconnect the stop and throttle controls and their
return springs.
1. Fit the distance piece using a joint on either side.
4. Remove the two nuts and the socket headed set-
2. Enter the pump operating lever into the recess in screw which secure the fuel pump to the mount-
the tappet inspection cover as shown on Fig. N.9 ing flange together with their spring and plain
and secure with the two nuts and washers. washers.

3. Reconnect the low pressure fuel pipes to the inlet 5. Carefully withdraw the fuel pump from its mount-
and outlet ports. ing.
 AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM-N.6

To Refit the Fuel Injection Pump The checking of the scribed line on the fuel pump and
drive housing mounting flanges can be checked by
1. Replace the fuel pump mounting flange Joint means of special tool MS67B (see Fig. N.12) as
(where necessary). follows : -

2. Offer up the pump as shown in Fig. N.10 ensuring

To Check Engine Marking Angle on
that the master spline on its quill shaft is correctly
positioned to engage with the female splines within Fuel Pump Drive Housing
the fuel pump drive hub.
NOTE: This master spline ensures that the pump 1. Turning engine in normal direction of rotation,
will only locate in the drive hub in one position position No.1 piston at TD.C. compression stroke
for timing purposes. by means of the timing pin or pointer.

3. When the splines are in correct alignment the 2. Remove fuel injection pump.
pump can be pushed in until the mounting flanges
meet and the securing nuts and setscrew with their
washers can be fitted.

4. Before tightening, align the timing marks scribed

on the fuel pump mounting flanges as shown in
Fig. N.11. Tighten the setscrew and nuts.

5. Refit the low pressure pipes to the inlet and outlet

connections.

6. Refit the high pressure fuel pipes.

7. Reconnect the throttle and stop controls together

with their return springs.

8. Prime the fuel system with fuel oil as detailed on

Page N.10.

9. Fuel pump timing can be checked as detailed in

the following text.

N11

FUEL INJECTION PUMP TIMING

3. Release screw (5, Fig. N.12) and position splined
Reference should be made to the details given on shaft (6) in tool so that relevant spline is to front
Page K.1 covering engine timing. If this timing of tool.
sequence has been followed regarding the timing
4. Ensure that slotted pointer (2) is positioned with
gears and the timing marks on the mounting flanges
slot to front of tool and chamfered sides of slot
are correctly aligned as shown in Fig. N.1 then the
outwards. At this stage. slotted ends of pointer
fuel pump timing should be correct.
should be kept well back from front of body. Ensure
that flat in washer fitted behind pointer securing
screw (3) is located over pointer.

5. Release bracket screw (4) and set bracket so that

the chamfered edge is in line with the relevant
engine checking angle (see Page B.12).

N10 N12
 AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM-N.7

6. Fit timing tool to engine in fuel pump position To check Marking Angle of
ensuring firstly that splined shaft with master spline
Fuel Injection Pump
is fully located in pump drive shaft and then that
register of tool is seated in fuel pump locating
1. Release screw (5, Fig. N.12) and remove splined
aperture (see Fig. N.13). Lock splined shaft in tool.
shaft (6).
If pointer is 180" from timing mark, engine is pro-
bably on wrong stroke in wh ich case, remove tool 2. Ensure that slotted pointer (2) is positioned with
and set engine on correct stroke. slot to rear of tool and chamfered side of slot out-
wards. At this stage, slotted end of pointer should
7. Slide slotted pointer forward so that slot is half way
be kept well back towards body of \001. Ensure that
over mounting flange.
flat in washer fitted behind pointer securing screw
(3) is located over side of pointer.

~ 3. Connect NO.1 outlet of r:;ump body to an atomiser

test rig and pump up to a maximum pressure of
30 atm (31 kgflcm2) or 440 Ibflin 2

4. Release bracket screw (4) and set bracket so that

chamfered edge is in line with relevant marking
angle as given on Page B.12.

- 5. Position timing tool on pump drive shaft with master

splines engaged and tool locating on spigot (see
Fig. N.15).

N13

8. Turn timing tool by hand in opposite direction to

pump rotation (shown on pump nameplate) to take
up backlash and check that timing mark on mount-
ing flange is central in slot of pointer (see Fig.
N.14) .

9. If timing mark is not central, position of fuel pump

drive gear should be altered as detailed on Page
J.3 so that the mark is central in slot with backlash
taken up.

10. When engine timing is correct, remove tool.

11. Refit fuel pump in engine with timing marks in line.

6. Turn pump in normal direction of rotation as shown

on nameplate until pump locks.

7. In this position, slide pointer forward until it is

halfway over pump flange and check that tool timing
mark is central to slot in pointer.

Alternative Method where No Tool is

Available
A further check is possible and utilises the internal
timing marks within the pump body. To be able to see
these marks necessitates the removal of the inspection
cover.

On the fuel pump rotor inside the fuel pump are a

number of scribed lines. each one bearing an indi-
vidual letter. A timing circlip, one end of which has a
straight edge is --positioned inside the pump body and
has to be preset so that when the appropriate scribed
line on the fuel pump rotor aligns with the straight end
N14
 AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM-N.S

of the circlip, it denotes commencement of injection turn and then forward until the required position
(static timing) see Fig, N,16. is registered on the clock gauge. This enables
the backlash in the timing gears to be taken up.
To set the timing circlip, it is necessary to remove the NOTE: The above setting is for 4.108 vehicle
pump from the engine and fix the position of the cir- engines. For other applications and engines see
clip by connecting No. 1 cylinder outlet connection Page B.12.
(marked W) to an atomiser tester and pump up to 30
7. Remove the inspection plate on the fuel pump
atm (31 kgflcm2) or 440 Ibflin 2. Turn the pump by
enabling the rotor to be seen. (Fig. N.16).
hand in the normal direction of rotation until it "locks
up". The squared end of the circlip should now be 8. With No. 1 piston at the static timing point on its
lined up with the letter A (for hydraulically governed compression stroke, the scribed line on the rotor
pumps) or C (for mechanically governed pumps) on marked 'A' (for hydraulically governed engines) or
the pump rotor. 'c' (for mechanically governed engines) should
align with the straight edge or scribed line on the
NOTE: On earlier pumps, the timing circlip had a timing circlip.
scribed line on one end and on these pumps, the
9. If the timing is incorrect proceed by either:-
scribed line on the fuel pump rotor should be aligned
with the scribed line on the circlip. (a) making any necessary adjustments by means
of the holes in the fuel pump gear, they are
slotted enabling the drive shaft to be turned
relative to the gear when the securing set-
screws are slackened. (Refer to Fig. J.6) or
(b) by slackening the two nuts and socket headed
setscrew which secure the fuel pump to the
mounting flange and turning the pump body
in the direction required.
10. When the fuel pump timing has been set, turn the
engine against the normal direction of rotation
once again to the appropriate piston displacement
to check that the squared end of the circlip is now
aligned with the line on the rotor.
11. When the fuel pump tmiing has been correctly set,
slowly turn the engine to T.O.C. in the normal
direction of rotation, remove the clock gauge and
refit the valve springs.
12. Refit the push rod and reset the valve clearance.
N16
1. Ensure the pump circlip is correctly positioned as
previously described and that the fuel pump is cor-
rectly fitted to the engine with the scribed line on
the mounting flange aligning with the adjacent
mounting flange on the cylinder block (see Fig.
N.11) .
2. Position the crankshaft so that No. 1 piston is at
T.O.C. on its compression stroke.
3. Remove the cylinder head cover.
4. Slacken the valve adjusting screw No. 1 exhaust
valve sufficiently to allow the rocker lever to be
moved to one side and the push rod removed,
rotate the rocker lever on the shaft so that the
valve spring cap is accessible for using the valve
spring compressor.
5. Remove the collets, spring cap and springs from
No.1 exhaust valve and allow the valve to'rest on
the top of the piston. A suitable ring should be
fitted to the valve stem to prevent the valve falling
completely into the cylinder.
6, With the aid of a clock gauge in contact with the
end of the valve now resting on No. 1 piston, it
will be necessary to position the crankshaft so
that the piston will be 0.108 in (2,75 mm) B.T.D.C.
this being the equivalent of 18 on the engine fly-
C

wheel. Refer Fig. N.17.

To do this, zero the gauge to piston T.O.C. and
then turn the crankshaft in the opposite direction
to normal rotation, approximately an eight of a Ni7
 AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM-N.9

Maximum Speed Setting IDLING SPEED ADJUSTMENT

(Refer to Figs. N.18 and N.19)
This adjustment is carried out by means of the idling
adjustments screw (4), it is carried out in conjunction
The maximum speed screw (5) is set and sealed by
with the setting of the anti-stall device with the engine
the manufacturers and must not be altered or tam-
warmed through as detailed in the following text.
pered with in any way, unless factory authority is first
obtained and any adjustments necessary are carried
out by experienced personnel. As with all seals on the Anti-Stall Device
pump unauthorised removal may render the guarantee (Refer to Figs. N.18 and N.19)
void.
(a) Slacken the locknut (2) sufficiently to enable the
The maximum no load speed may vary according to anti-stall device body (1) to be unscrewed two
the vehicle or application to which it is fitted, reference complete turns.
may be made to the code number stamped on the fuel
pump data plate. The last four numbers in the code (b) Adjust idling speed to 625 rev/min* with the idling
indicate the maximum no load engine speed, therefore adjustment screw (4).
in the case of the following example it would be 4480
(c) Now screw down the anti-stall device body (1)
rev/min. Code Example EH39/1200/0/4480.
until there is a very slight increase in engine
NOTE: If the fuel pump data plate is damaged or de- speed, bring back half a turn and lock with the
faced so as to make it impossible to read accurately, lock nut (2).
or if there is no code stamped on the plate you are
(d) Accelerate the engine to maximum no load rev!
advised to contact your nearest C.A.V. Distributor, or
min and immediately return to idling.
alternatively, Service Department, Perkins Engines Ltd.,
Should the period of return from maximum rev/min
Peterborough, to obtain the required information.
to idling exceed three seconds the device has been
NOTE: The engine must not be allowed to operate at screwed in too far.
a speed in excess of that specified Of severe damage
may occur.
However should stalling occur, then the device has
not been screwed in far enough. Therefore the neces-
sary adjustment should be made to suit whichever is
the case.

*This idling speed may vary according to application,

refer to relevant manufacturers service literature or to
Perkins Engines limited, Peterborough if in doubt.

Ni8
Earlier Fuel Pump

1. Anti-stall device body

2. Anti-stall device body locknut
Later Fuel Pump 3. Air vent screw
N19 4. Idling adjustment screw
5. Maximum Speed Screw
 AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM-N.10

ATOMISERS
::4------1
General

When replacing atomisers in the cylinder head, it is

essential that a new, correct type copper washer is .......- - - - - 2
fitted between the nozzle body and cylinder head,
The correct torque for the atomiser securing nuts is
12 Ibf It (1,7 kgf m) or 16 Nm,
The first symptoms of atomiser, trouble usually come
under one or more of the following headings:-

Misfiring,

2, Knocking in one (or more) cylinders, [!!ooIII~----5

3, Engine overheating,

4, Loss of power,

5, Smoky exhaust (black),

6, Increased fuel consumption,

Testing for Faulty Atomiser

If an atomiser is suspected of being faulty, try this

method to isolate it.
Slacken the union nut at the atomiser end of the
high pressure fuel pipe, If each atomiser is isolated
in turn in this way, (with the engine running at approxi-
mately 1,000 rev/min) tightening each union nut
firmly before proceeding to the next, then the faulty
atomiser, when isolated in this manner, will have little
or no effect on the running,

10
Warning

Great care should be taken to prevent the hands or

face from getting into contact with the spray, as the
working pressure will cause the oil to penetrate the .......------11
skin with ease,

.......- - - - 1 2
Atomiser Pressures
Details of holders and nozzle types together with
pressure settings are given on Page 8,12,
~ ... 13
NO ATTEMPT SHOULD BE MADE TO ADJUST THE
INJECTION PRESSURE WITHOUT AN ATOMISER
1. Capnut N20
TESTING PUMP, IT IS QUITE IMPOSSIBLE TO ADJUST 2, Spring cap
THE SETTING OF ATOMISERS WITH ANY DEGREE OF 3, Shim washer
ACCURACY WITHOUT PROPER EQUIPMENT. 4, Nozzle spring
5, Identification tab washer
6, Spindle
7, Fuel inlet union
Atomiser Identification 8, Nozzle holder body
9. Securing flange
Atomisers can be identified by code letters stamped 1O, Nozzle needle
on a tab washer fitted under the spring cap nut (see
11, Nozzle body
Fig, N,20) or alternatively, the code is stamped on the
atomiser body, Details of codings can be found on 12, Nozzle capnut
Page 8,12, 13, Copper sealing washer
 AIR CLEANERS AND FUEL SYSTEM-N.11

Fuel Pipes (High Pressure)

When replacing the fuel pipes it should be noted that
no two pipes are the same, each is formed to suit an
individual atomiser position. This is important when
ordering a replacement pipe, as each one has a
different part number.

High pressure fuel pipes are now supplied with formed

ends instead of olives. The earlier pipes supplied with
olives were fitted as shown in Fig. N.21. Originally the
olives were fitted in the reverse position, but both
positions are satisfactory if undamaged.

N22

3. Ensure that the stop control is in the 'run'

position. if an electric solenoid stop control is
used, turn the key of the start switch to the 'R'
position. Set the throttle to fully open.
N21 4. Loosen the vent screw on top of the control gear
housing, on hydraulically governed fuel pumps
(see Fig. N 19) or on the rear of the governor
The pipes should be clean, (wash in clean fuel oil and housing on mechanically governed fuel pumps,
blow through the fine bore with compressed air if (1, Fig. N23). Loosen the vent screw in the
there is any doubt), the olives at each end should not locking bolt of the hydraulic head, (2, Fig. N23),
be split or unduly compressed, otherwise leakage will for both types of fuel pump.
result and a new pipe will be needed. Operate the priming lever on the fuel lift pump
until fuel, free of air, flows from the vents.
Ensure when fitting, that the pipe fits squarely at both Tighten the vent screw in the locking bolt of the
ends and that the union nuts are tightened firmly but hydraulic head and then the vent screw on the
not over-tightened. governor housing or control gear housing.
The correct tightening torque for high pressure fuel 5. Where a Thermostart cold starting aid is fitted
pipe nuts is 15 Ibf ft (2,1 kgf m) or 20 Nm. and the fuel pipe has been drained, loosen the
pipe connection at the starting aid. Operate the
When changing an atomiser always remove the pipe priming lever of the lift pump until fuel, free of
completely. air, flows from the connection and tighten the
connection.
6. Loosen the pressure pipe connections at
two of the atomisers. Ensure that the manual
The air must be vented from the fuel system whenever stop control, if fitted, is in the run position.
any part of the system between the fuel tank and in- Operate the starter motor until fuel, free of air,
jection pump has been disconnected for any reason, comes from the pipe connections, tighten the
or when the system has been emptied of fuel. high pressure pipe connections. The engine is
now ready to start.
No attempt must be made to start the engine until the If after priming the fuel system, the engine
injection pump has been filled and primed as serious starts, runs satisfactorily for a few minutes and
damage can be caused to the pump due to lack of then loses power, misfires or stops and when
lubrication. checked the system is found to be full of air,
The method of priming detailed below, ensures that then a leak on the suction side is indicated.
only fuel which has passed through the paper filter
element can reach the interior of the pump.

1. Loosen the vent screw (1, Fig. N22) on top of

the filter. Where a vent screw is not fitted,
loosen the return to tank banjo bolt (2) on top of
the filter.
2. Operate the priming lever on the fuel lift pump
(see Fig. N7) and when fuel, free of air, flows
from the vent or banjo connection, tighten the
vent screw or banjo bolt. If the drive cam of the
fuel lift pump is at maximum lift it will not be
possible to operate the lift pump and the
-' crankshaft must be turned through one
revolution. N23
4.108 Series Workshop Manual, June 1986
 SECTION P
Flywheel and Flywheel Housing

To Remove the Flywheel

1. Remove the gearbox, clutch assembly and any
linkage as detailed in the service literature applic-
able to the particular vehicle or application.
2. Knock back the locking tabs from the flywheel
securing setscrews.
3. Remove the securing setscrews and carefully re-
move the flywheel from the crankshaft flange.

To Renew the Flywheel Ring Gear

1. The flywheel ring gear is a shrunk fit on the fly-
wheel, its removal is carried out by partially cut-
ting through the gear and chisel cutting it from
the flywheel. An alternative method is to apply
localised heat to the ring gear to expand it
sufficiently to enable it to be tapped evenly from
the flywheel.
2. The locating faces of the flywheel should be P1
thoroughly cleaned to ensure a positive location
when the new ring gear is fitted.
3. Clean, then heat the new ring gear to a tempera- 3. Set up a dial test indicator (clock) gauge with the
ture not exceeding 480F (250 C).Q base secured against the rear face of the flywheel
4. Fit the ring gear over the flywheel with the lead on housing and the gauge stylus at right angles to the
the teeth facing uppermost, i.e., facing away from periphery of the flywheel. Turn the crankshaft and
the engine when the flywheel is fitted. Rotate the check the run out, the flywheel should run truly
gear quickly on its location immediately it is fitted within 0.012 in (0,30 mm) total indicator reading
to ensure it is laying flat, then allow to cool.

To Refit the 1"1",.11'.. "" .. 1

It is most essential to ensure that the crankshaft flange

face and periphery are perfectly clean and free from
burrs, similarly the mating face of the flywheel itself
before refitting of the flywheel is attempted. Failure to
ensure this may make it impossible to fit the flywheel
satisfactory within the various limits quoted hereafter.
It will be noted that there is a sixth (untapped) hole in
the crankshaft flange which will be at B.D.C. when
Nos. 1 and 4 pistons are at T.O.C.
The flywheel can only be fitted in one position due to
the irregular spacing 01 the setscrew holes.
1. It is advisable to screw a short stud into the crank-
shaft flange just finger tight, so that when the fly-
wheel is offered up this stud can take the weight
of the flywheel whilst the securing setscrews are
fitted, this stud can then be removed and re-
placed by the fifth setscrew.
2. Tighten the securing setscrews to the torque given
on Page B.2 but do not lock with the tab washers
at this stage. P2
FLYWHEEL AND FLYWHEEL HOUSING-P.2

4. Carefully examine the housing for any signs of

cracks, fretting or other damage.

To Refit the Flywheel Housing

1. Ensure that the rear face of the cylinder block
and the mating face of the flywheel housing are
perfectly clean and free from burrs, etc.
2. Locate the flywheel nousing carefully on the two
dowels and refit the securing setscrews.
3. Mount a dial test indicator (clock) gauge with the
base on the crankshaft flange and the gauge stylus
on and perpendicular with the inner face of the
housing aperture as shown in Fig. P.2. Rotate the
crankshaft, the inner bore should be truly central
with the crankshaft within the limits listed towards
the end of this section.
4. With the gauge base still mounted in the same
position adjust the stylus so that it is at right
angles to the vertically machined rear face of the
flywheel housing as shown in Fig. P.3. Turn the
P3 crankshaft and check that this face is at right
angles to the cranshaft axis to within the follow-
ing limits.
Check dowel location in block and housing, ream
and fit oversize dowels where necessary.

Diameter of Max.
4. Check the alignment of the flywheel face by posi-
Housing Bore Allowance
tioning the gauge as shown in Fig. P.1. Turn the
(total indicator
crankshaft and the total indicator reading for the
reading)
flywheel being truly at right angles to the crank-
Up to 14{ in 0.006 in (0,15 mm)
shaft axis should not exceed 0.001 in (0,025 mm) (362 mm)
for every inch (25 mm) the gauge stylus is reading
141 to 201 in 0.008 in (0,20 mm)
from the centre of the flywheel, i.e. if the flywheel
(362 to 511 mm)
has a diameter of approx. 20 in (500 mm) then the
201. ot 25! in 0.010 in (0,25 mm)
stylus will be approx. 10 in (250 mm) from its
(511 to 648 mm)
centre, therefore the total indicator reading should
25! to 31 in 0.012 in (0;30 mm)
not exceed 0.010 in (0,25 mm).
(648 to 787 mm)
5. When the flywheel is correctly aligned, lock the
securing setscrews with the tabwashers.
NOTE: Any adjustments which may be necessary
to bring the flywheel housing within the limits
quoted must be carried out on the housing, under
no circumstances may the rear face of the cylinder
To Remove the Flywheel Housing block be interferred with.

1. Remove the flywheel (Refer to previous text). 5. When the housing is correctly aligned finally tighten
2. Remove the starter motor. the securing setscrews.
3. Unscrew the securing setscrews and carefully tap 6. Refit the flywheel as previously discribed on Page
the housing clear of the locating dowels. P.i.
 SECTION Q
Electrical Equipment

ALTERNATOR (d) Remove any dirt accumulated on the regulator/

control box housing, and ensure that cooling air
Models AC5, HAC, 15ACR and 17 ACR can pass freely over the casing.

3. Fault Finding on AC5

1. Precautions The AC 5 alternator is so designed that a flow of
current indicated either by the extinguishing of the
The diodes in the alternator function as one-way valves warning light, or as shown on the ammeter, is suffiicient
and the transistors in the regulator/control box operate evidence that the system is in proper working order.
as fast switches. Both are accurate and sensitive. Therefore, no open circuit, voltage or current output
They do not wear out and seldom require adjustment, checks should be performed in the installation UN-
but because they are sensitive to voltage changes and LESS:-
high temperature, the following precautions are vital to
prevent them from being destroyed. (a) The warning light fails to illuminate when the
generator is stationary, and the switch is closed
(a) DO NOT disconnect the battery whilst the engine
OR fails to become extinguished when the alter-
is running. This will cause a voltage surge in the
nator is running.
alternator charging system that will immediately
ruin the diodes or transistors. (b) No charging current is shown on ammeter.
(b) DO NOT disconnect a lead without first stopping (c) The battery is flat.
the engine and turning all electrical switches to (d) The battery is "boiling", indicating loss of voltage
the off position. control.
(c) DO NOT cause a short circuit by connecting leads
If any of the above symptoms occur, the procedure in-
to incorrect terminals. Always identify a lead to its
dicated below should be followed.
correct terminal. A short circuit or wrong con-
nection giving reverse polarity will immediately (a) Connect a good quality moving coil voltmeter
and permanently ruin transistors or diodes. 0-50 volts range across the battery or regulator
negative terminal, and one of the three positive
(d) DO NOT connect a battery into the system without
terminals marked LO, MED, HI. Disconnect alter-
checking for correct polarity and voltage.
nator output terminal. Fit a good quality moving
(e) DO NOT "flash" connections to check for current coil 0 - 100 amp ammeter in series with the
flow. No matter how brief the contact the tran- alternator terminal and output lead. The battery
sistors may be ruined. should be in a charged condition.
(b) Close the warning light switch (master electric
switch on dashboard) when the warning lamp
should light up.
2. Maintenance
(c) Switch on a 10-15 amperes load such as lights,
The alternator charging system will normally require etc. for fifteen minutes.
very little attention, but it should be kept free from (d) Start engine and run at fast idle speed with fans,
build-up of dirt, and a check made if it fails to keep the
etc, for fifteen minutes.
battery charged.
1. The warning light should go out.
(a) Regularly inspect the driving belts for wear and
correct tension. It is important to ensure that all 2. The ammeter records a small charge depen-
belts on a multiple belt drive have equal tension dant on engine speed.
and are each carrying their share of the load. Slack (e) Increase engine speed momentarily to maximum
belts will wear rapidly and cause slip which will speed, when the charging current should be about
not drive the alternator at the required speed. 30 Amperes for 24 Volt, and 53 Amperes for 12
Drive belts which are too tight impose severe side volt systems.
thrust on the alternator bearings and shorten their
(f) With the alternator running at approximately half
life. Periodically ensure that the alternator is
speed, (engine speed about 1,500 rev/min) switch
correctly aligned to the drive.
off electrical load. Depending on the connection
(b) Do not replace faulty belts individually in a mUlti- selected for the positive sensing wire LO; MED
belt system. A complete matched set of drive belts or HI, the voltage should rise to between 26 and
must always be used. 28 volts on 24 volt systems and 13-14 volts on 12
(c) Keep the alternator clean with a cloth moistened in volt systems and then (emain constant. At the
kerosene or cleaning fluids. Ensure that ventilation same time the current reading should drop
slots and air spaces are clear and unobstructed. appreciably.
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT-Q.2

Any variance in the above data could indicate a fault 4. Fault Finding on 11 AC
and the following procedure should be adopted before
disconecting any components. If the alternator does not produce its rated output of
The regulator is a sealed unit and is non-repairable 43 amperes for 12 volt and 23 amperes for 24 volt
and if found to be faulty it must be replaced. circuit, the failure may be due to any unit or the
associated wiring, and the following procedure should
be followed.

Warning Lamp does not light when switched "On". TEST 1

Checking the Field Isolating Relay
Check the bulb.
Disconnect the earthed battery terminal and the cable
If no fault from the alternator main output terminal. Connect a
0-60 DC ammeter between the terminal and dis-
connected cable. Link terminals 'C1' and 'C2' on the
Check all wiring connections at regulator, alternator
field relay. Reconnect the battery cable. Close the
and battery.
master switch and start engine and run at charging
speed. If ammeter shows a charge the relay is faulty,
If no fault or its wiring and connections.
If ammeter shows no charge, carryon with Test 2.
Switch off, disconnect 'F' lead at regulator and connect
it to the negative terminal. TEST 2
Switch on. If warning lamp lights up, the regulator is
faulty. If lamp fails to light up, the alternator is faulty. Checking the Alternator and Control Box

Leave the test ammeter connected, and disconnect

cables 'F' and ' - ' from control unit and join them
Warning Lamp does not go out and Ammeter shows no together. Remove link from field relay terminals and
output when running. ensure they are connected to 'C1' and 'C2'. Start
engine and run at charging speed.
Check all regulator, alternator and battery connections. Ammeter should indicate current values at 35 amps or
more for 12 volt circuit or 22 amps or more for 24
volt circuit. A zero or low reading indicates a faulty
If no fault
alterator.
If satisfactory output is recorded, a faulty control unit
Switch off, disconnect 'F' lead at regulator and connect is indicated.
to regulator negative terminal.
Switch on, and run at fast idle. TEST 3
If no output, alternator is faulty.
If output appears, regulator is faulty. Checking or Adjusting the Voltage Setting
The regulator of the 4 TR control unit must be set on
CLOSED CIRCUIT, when the alternator is under load.
Also, the system must be stabilised before checking or
Warning Lamp does not go out when running and
resetting is carried out, and the battery must be in a
Ammeter shows reduced output with full output only at
well charged condition. Check the battery to control'
maximum speed or Warning Lamp goes out but
unit wiring, to ensure that the resistance of the com-
Alternator delivers reduced output. Full output only at
plete circuit does not exceed 0.1 ohm. Any high resist-
maximum speed.
ance must be traced and remedied. Connect a test DC
voltmeter (suppressed zero type) scale 12 15 volts
Alternator faulty. Remove from installation and apply for 12 volt installations or 24-30 volts for 24 volt in-
open circuit diode check. stallations, between the battery terminals, and note the
reading with no electrical load. Disconnect battery
earth cable and connect test ammeter between alter-
Warning Lamp flashes intermittently and Ammeter nator main terminal and disconnected cable. Re-
needle oscillates when Battery is fully charged and no connect battery earth cable, and switch on an electrical
loads are switched in. load of approximately two amps, such as, side and tail
lights. Start engine and run at about 2000 rev/min for
at least eight minutes. If the charging current is still
Check for excessive resistance in regulator negative
greater than 10 amps, continue to run engine until
sensing lead.
this figure is reached. Then compare the voltmeter
If no fault, regulator is faulty.
reading with the appropriate setting limits, as specified
for the particular control unit as follows.

Batteries overcharging and Ammeter indicates high or 12 V (37423)/(37449) 13.9 - 14.3 volts
full output all the time. 24 V (37444)/(37502) 27.9 - 28.3 volts
12 V (37429) 13.7 -14.1 volts
Check regulator positive sensing lead and its connec-
tion at regulator. (Part no. marked on upper edge of the moulded cover
If no fault, regulator is faulty. of Control Unit).
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT-Q.3

Low-Unsteady Charging Rate

If reading obtained is stable but outside the appropriate
limits the unit can be adjusted as follows. (a) Check driving belt for correct tension and wear.

(b) Check for high resistance at battery terminals

ADJUSTMENT OF VOLTAGE SETTING and in the circuit wiring and connection.
Stop the engine and remove the control unit from its
(c) Check all connections made to earth.
mounting. At the back of the unit is a sealed potentio-
meter adjuster. Carefully scrape away the sealing com-
(d) Apply Test 2.
pound. Then start the engine, and while running the
alternator at charging speed, turn the adjuster slot -
CLOCKWISE to INCREASE the setting or ANTI-
CLOCKWISE to DECREASE it - until the required set- Flat Battery or Low State 01 Charge
ting is obtained.
(a) CHECK condition of battery with hydrometer and
high rate discharge tester.
Recheck the setting by stopping the engine, then start
again and slowly "run-up" to charging speed. If set- (b) Check driving belt for correct tension and wear.
ting is now correct, remount the control unit, dis-
(c) Check that the field isolating relay contacts open
connect test meters and restore original wiring con-
nections. If, after adjustment, the voltmeter reading re- when master switch is off, otherwise battery will
mains unchanged, or increases in an uncontrolled discharge through rotor winding.
manner, then the control unit is faulty and a replace-
ment must be fitted. (d) Check that flat or low battery is not caused by
insufficient alternator output caused by abnormal
electrical loads by applying Test 4.

Excessive Charge Rate to a Fully Charged Battery

TEST 4
(a) Apply Test 3.
Check Alternator Output

Disconnect battery earth cable, and connect test Noisy Alternator

ammeter between the alternator main terminal and
disconnected cables. Reconnect battery earth cable, (a) Alternator loose in mounting brackets.
and switch on the vehicles full electrical load and
leave on for 3 or 4 minutes. Leave load on and start (b) Worn frayed or loose drive belt.
engine and run at approximately 2000 rev/min. The
alternator output should balance the load, and at the (c) Worn bearings, fully out of alignment.
same time show a charge to the battery.
(d) Rotor damage or pulley fan loose on shaft.

(e) Open circuited, or short circuited rectified diodes,

Check Warning Ught Control or stator winding open-circuit.

If warning light does not function either by remaining (f) Loose pulley.
"on" or "off", but the system is charging satisfactorily,
connect voltmeter between the alternator "AL" terminal
and earth. Reading should be 7.0-7.5 max (12 volt
alternator) or 14.0-15.0 (24 volt alternator). Con-
nect leads 'E' and 'WL' together. If warning lamp lights 6. Testing the 15ACR and 17ACR Alternator
the warning light control is faulty and should be re-
placed. in Position

First check the driving belt for condition and tension.

The nominal hot outputs at 6,000 rev/min (alternator
speed) are 28 amps and 36 amps for 15ACR and
17 ACR alternator respectively. These figures may be

5. faun Diagnosis Procedure for 11 AC exceeded slightly when the alternator is running cold.
To avoid misleading results, the following test pro-
Alternator Fails to Charge cedure should therefore be carried out with the alter-

(a) Check driving belt for correct tension and wear. nator running as near as possible to its normal opera-
(b) Apply Tests 1 and 2. ting temperature.
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT-Q.4

Alternator Output Test with Regulator Regulator Test

Inoperative
The following test assumes the alternator to have been
Withdraw the two-part connector from the alternator, tested and found satisfactory.
remove the moulded cover (secured by two screws) Disconnect the variable resistor and remove the link
and link together regulator terminals 'F' and '-'. bridging regulator terminals 'F' and '-'.

Connect an external test circuit to the alternator output With the remainder of the test circuit connected as for
terminals as shown in Fig. Q.1. the alternator output test, start the engine and again
run the alternator up to 6,000 rev/min until the ammeter
B + + INO shows an output current of less than 10 amperes. The
voltmeter should then give a reading of 14.0 - 14.4
volts. Any appreciable deviation from this (regulating)
voltage means that the regulator is not functioning
properly and must be replaced.
'--------iAI------.
If the foregoing tests show the alternator and regulator
to be satisfactorily performing, disconnect the test cir-
cuit and reconnect the alternator terminal connector.
Now connect a low-range voltmeter between the posi-
0) tive terminal of the alternator (the moulded terminal
connector is open-ended to faciltate this) and the posi-
tive terminal of the battery. Switch on battery load
(headlights etc.), start the engine and increase speed
until the alternator runs at approximately 6,000 rev/min.
Note the voltmeter reading.
CD
~--------iVI_------_1I Transfer the voltmeter connections to the negative
terminals of alternator and battery and again note the
meter reading.

If the reading exceeds 0.5 volt on the positive side or

0.25 volt on the negative side, there is a high resistance
in the charging circuit which must be traced and
01 remedied.

DYNAMO
1. 12 volt 2.2 watt Bu Ib
The following information in concerned with the Lucas
2. 0-40 or 0-60 Ammeter C40-1 model. Should information be required in con-
3. 12 volt Battery nection with any other type of dynamo then the rele-
vant manufacturer should be contacted.
4. 0-20 Voltmeter
The C40-1 is of extruded yoke construction and is a
5. 0-15 ohm 35 amp Variable Resistor ventilated type. Holes in each end bracket allow a
pulley mounted fan to draw cooling air through the
dynamo.
Observe carefully the polarity ot battery and alternator
terminals - reversed connections will damage the
Description
alternator diodes.
It is a shunt wound, two pole, two brush machine
The variable resistor across the battery terminals must designed to work in conjunction with a compensated
not be left connected for longer than is necessary to
voltage control regulator unit. A ball bearing supports
carry out the following test.
the armature at the driving end and a porous bronze
bush at the rear supports the commutator end.
Start the engine. At 1,500 rev/min (alternator speed),
the test circuit bulb should be extinguished. Increase The output of the dynamo is controlled by the regulator
engine speed until the alternator is running at 6,000 unit and is dependent on the state of charge of the
rev/min approximately, and adjust the variable resist- battery and the loading of the electrical equipment in
ance until the voltmeter reads 14.0 volts. The ammeter use. When the battery is in a low state of charge, the
reading should then be approximately equal to the dynamo gives a high output, whereas if the battery is
rated output (See previous paragraph). Any appreci- fully charged, the dynamo gives only sufficient output
able deviation from this figure will necessitate the to keep the battery in good condition without any
alternator being removed from the engine for further possibility of overcharging. An increase in output is
examination. given to balance the current taken by lamps and other
accessories when in use.
Failure of one or more of the diodes will be indicated
in the above test by effect on alternator output, and When fitting a new control box, it is important to use
also in some instances by abnormally high alternator only an authorised replacement. An incorrect replace-
temperature and noise level. ment can result in damage to the dynamo.
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT-Q.S

LUBRICATOR IN COMMUTATOR END BRACKET

2. Routine Maintenance
(a) Lubrication
Every 4,000 miles (6,000 km) or 150 running hours,
inject a few drops of high quality S.A.E.30 engine oil
FELT RING
into the hole marked "OIL" at the commutator end RETAIN ER
bearing housing (Refer to Fig. Q.2).
(b) Inspection of Brushgear
Every 72,000 miles (108,000 km) or 2,700 running hours,
the dynamo should be removed from the engine and INJECT _-----\_..:::..:.
OIL HERE
the bushgear inspected by a competent electrician.
( C) Belt Adjustment
FELT RING
Every 4.000 miles (6.000 km) or 150 running hours. in-
spect the dynamo driving belt, and if necessary. adjust
to take up anv slackness by turning the dynamo on its
POROUS
mounting. Care should be taken to avoid overtightening BRONZE BUSH
the belt (see Page M.1).
02
3. Performance Data
The cutting in and maximum output speeds quoted 4. Start the engine and set to run at normal idling
below are production test figures and refer to cold speed.
machines with brushes only partly bedded. 5. Clip the negative lead of a moving coil type volt-
Model C40-1. meter, (calibrated 0-20 volts) to one dynamo ter-
Cutting-in Speed. minal and the positive lead to a good earthing point
1450 rev/min (Max.) at 13.0 dynamo volts. on the yoke.
Maximum Output. 6. Gradually increase the engine speed, when the
22 amp at 2250 rev/min (Max.) at 13.5 dynamo volts voltmeter reading should rise rapidly and without
and a resistance load of 0.61 ohms. fluctuation. Do not allow the volt meter reading to
Field Restistance. reach 20 volts, and do not race the engine in an
6.0 ohms. attempt to increase the voltage. It is sufficient to
run the dynamo up to a speed of 1,000 rev/min. If
4. Servicing the voltage does not rise rapidly and without
fluctuation the unit must be dismantled for internal
Testing in Position examination.
1. Inspect the driving belt and adjust if necessary. Excessive sparking at the commutator in the above
(Refer to Page M.1). test indicates a defective armature which should
2. Check the connection on the commutator end be replaced.
bracket. The larger connector carries the main NOTE: If a radio suppression capacitor is fitted
dynamo output, the smaller connector the field between the output terminal and earth, disconnect
current. this capacitor and re-test the dynamo before
3. Switch off all lights and accessories, take off the dismantling. If a reading is now given on the
cables from the terminals of the dynamo and con- voltmeter, then the capacitor is defective and must
nect the two terminals with a short length of wire. be replaced. If the dynamo is in good order,

MODEL C40~1 GENERATOR. DISMANTLED

POROUS flSRE YOKE SHAFT COLLAR FELT SHAn SHAFT

BRONZE THRUST CUP RING KEY NlfT
BUSH WASHER

OUTPUT ORIVE END PULLEY

'TERM I ""'L 'D' BOLTS RETAINING BRACKET SPACER
PLATE.

03
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT-0.6

remove the link from between the terminals and

restore the orig inal connections.

STARTER MOTORS
General
The following information is concerned with the M45G
starter motor. Two types of drive are available and both BRUSH
are covered fully in the following section. Should in-
formation be required in connection with any other type
of starter motor then the relevant manufacturer should
be contacted.

STARTER MOTORS
Run-off Helix Drive (See Fig. 0.4)
1. Description-Model M45G Type RF 17
This electric starter motor is a four-pole four-brush
machine having an extended shaft which carries the
engagement gear, or starter drive as it is more
generally known.
The starter motor is of a similar construction to the
dynamo except that heavier copper wire is used in the
construction of the armature and field coils. The field
05
coils are series-parallel connected between the field
terminal and the insulated pair of brushes.
gently on the flexible connectors (Refer to Fig.
The armature has 23 winding slots. The drive portion
0.5). If movement is sluggish, remove the brush
incorporates a special overload protective device
from its holder and clean its sides with a fluffless
known as the Run-off Helix.
petrol moistened cloth. Replace the brush in its
2. Routine Maintenance original position. Brushes which are worn to less
than 9/16 in (14 mm) long must be renewed.
(a) The starter motor requires no routine maintenance NOTE: This is the length when half the available
beyond the occasional inspection of the electrical wearing length has worn away. The time taken to
connection which must be clean and tight, the reach this stage normally extends well beyond that
brush gear, and the commutator. to reach the point of major engine overhaul. After
(b) After the starter motor has been in service for this time, the rate of wear accelerates due to re-
some time remove the starter motor from the ducing spring pressure.
engine and submit it to a thorough bench in-
2. Check the tension of the brush springs using a
spection.
spring scale. (Refer to Fig. 0.6). The minimum
1. Check that the brushes move freely in their holders tension is 43 ozf (0,61 kgf). New springs should
by holding back the brush springs and pulling be fitted if the tension is low.

MODEL M45G TYPE RF 17

BRUSHES COMMUTATOR END COVER BAND COVER BAND FIELD COILS DRIVE END BEARING BUSH
BRACKET NUT BRACKET

I
THRUST WASHERS
.......,.. j

~
SEARING BUSH

FIXED SLEEVE PINION RESTRAINING SPRING PINION & SLEEVE MAIN SPRING SHAFT NUT
04
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT-Q.7

NOTE: This is applicable to a brush when half the Check first that the circuit up to the supply ter-
available wearing length has been worn away. minal on the starter motor is in order.
3. The commutator must be clean and have a polished If no voltage is indicated. check the circuit from
appearance. If necessary, clean It by pressing a the battery to the motor via the starter switch.
fine dry cloth agaiinst it whilst the armature is Ensure that all the connections are clean and
turned by hand. If the commutator is very dirty, tight. If the switch is found to be faulty fit a ser-
moisten the cloth with petrol. viceable replacement.
4. Keep all the electrical connections clean and tight. A normal voltage supply reaching the starter motor
Any which have become dirty should be cleaned terminal indicates that the starter motor has an in-
and the contacting surfaces lightly smeared with ternal fault and must be removed for examination.
petroleum jelly. If the starter motor operates but does not crank
the engine, the starier drive may require cleaning
or may have developed some other fault. In either
case the starter motor requires removal from the
engine for a full examination.

"S' TYPE STARTER DRIVE ASSEMBLY

(a) Operation
This drive incorporates a protective feature known as
the 'Run-off Helix'. The purpose of this feature is to
prevent possible damage occuring to the starter motor
through excessive torque being applied while the
pinion is in engagement, as would arise for example
in the event of an engine back-fire during starting.
Under normal conditions of engagement, axial move-
ment of the pinion is arrested when, in th'3 one direc-
tion, the first cup washer has fully compressed the re-
straining spring and is abutted hard against the second
cup washer and, in the opposite direction, the helically
screwed sleeve is pressing the thrust washer hard
against the main spring.
06 In the 'Run-off Helix' drive, the main spring is capable
of greater compression than is the equivalent stan-
dard 's' pattern drive spring. In addition, the trailing
3. Servicing faces of the pinion and helically screwed sleeve are
machined to form indented rachet recesses.
(a) Testing in Position
In the event of a back-fire occuring during starting,
If the starter motor does not operate or fails to crank the pinion (being able to rotate but incapable of fur-
the engine when the starting button is used, switch on ther axial movement) forces the heiically screwed
the head lamps. When these are not fitted connect a sleeve along the straight-splines of the starter shaft.
good quality 0-20 voltmeter across the battery ter- This further compresses the main spring and permits
minals, operate the starter button and watch for the axial movement of the screwed sleeve to continue until
following symptoms: it is clear of the interior of the pinion. At this stage,
1. The headlamps dim (or the voltmeter reading falls axial movement of the screwed sleeve ceases and the
appreciably) but the motor does not crank the pinion, now jointly supported by the fixed sleeve and
engine. the recessed end of the screwed sleeve, is free to be
This may be caused by the starter drive pinion rotated by the engine ring gear. In this way, excessive
being jammed in mesh with the engine flywheel. torque is harmlessly dissipated by the ratchetting
The pinion can usually be freed by engaging a low action of the pinion and screwed sleeve against the
gear and gently rocking the engine. It is advisable reaction pressure of the main spring.
to remove the starter motor from the engine and The operation of a 'Run-off Helix' drive can be checked
inspect the starter drive as described later in this by securing the armature and drive assembly in a vice
section. (using wooden vice-clamps) and applying a torque
Sluggish action of the starter motor may be due to a wrench to the pinion. The rachet action must occur at
discharged battery, check this by disconnecting the a torque of not less than 36 Ibf ft (5 kgf m).
existing cables and reconnecting the motor to a
battery known to be fully charged. If the starter (b) Routine Maintenance
motor now functions normally then the battery
must be examined. Should the starter motor still If any difficulty is experienced with the starter motor
not function normally then it should be removed not meshing correctly with the flywheel, it may be that
from the engine and examined. the drive requires cleaning.
2. The head lamps do not dim (or the voltmeter read- The pinion should move freely on the screwed sleeve;
ing remain unaffected) and the motor does not if there is any dirty or other foreign matter on the
crank the engine. sleeve it must be washed off with paraffin.
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT-0.8

STARTER MOTOR-PREENGAGED DRIVE 4. Check bearings for excessive side play of arma-
(See Fig. 0.7) ture shaft.
5. Check pinion movement.
1. Description-Model M45G or 2M113 with 6. Clean and lubricate the indented bearing inside
the pinion sleeve using a bentonite based grease
Model 7S Solenoid. for this purpose.
This starter motor is a four-pole, four-brush earth re- 7. Clean and lubricate the indented bronze bearing in
turn machine with series-parallel connected field coils. the intermediate bracket. Use Ragosine 'Molypad'
A solenoid-operated pre-engaged drive assembly is Molybdenised non-creep oil for this purpose.
carried on an extension of the armature shaft.
The main feature;" of this type of drive are as follows:
(a) Positive pinion engagement preventi,ng the pinion 3. Servicing
being thrown out of mesh whilst starting.
(b) Dual-purpose plate clutch incorporated in the drive (a) Testing in Position
assembly giving over-speed and over-load protec-
Switch on the lamps. If the vehicle is not equipped
tion.
with lighting, then connect a 0-20 voltmeter across the
(c) Self-indexing pinion to ensure smooth engagement
battery terminals before proceeding. Operate the starter
between the pinion and the flywheel teeth before
control and watch for the following symptoms:-
the starter motor begins to rotate.
(d) Armature braking system to ensure rapid return The lamps dim or voltmeter rearling drops to about
to rest when the starter button is released. 6 volts. and the motor does not crank the engine.
Check battery (must be at least half-charged) and
2. Routine Maintenance battery lugs, (clean and a good earth connection).
Check by hand that engine turns freely.
(a) The starter motor requires no routine maintenance 2. The lamps do not dim, the voltmeter reading re-
beyond the occasional inspection of the electrical mains steady at about 12 volts, and the motor does
connection which must be clean and tight, the not crank the engine.
brush gear, and the commutator. Connect voltmeter from solenoid terminal 'BAT',
(b) After the starter motor has been in service for and starter yoke, operate starter:-
some time, remove the starter motor from the
engine and submit it to a thorough bench inspec- No volts indicated
tion. (a) Poor lug connections at battery.
1. Brush wear (this is a fair indication of the amount
(b) Bad earth connection.
of work done). Renew brushes worn to, or ap-
proaching, 5/16 in (7,9 mm) in length. (c) Broken starter lead, battery to starter.
2. Brush spring tension. Correct tension is 30 - 40
Full volts i.e., 12-14 volts indicated.
ozf (0,85-1,13 kgf). Renew springs if tension has
dropper below 25 ozf (0,71 kgf). (a) Faulty solenoid switch.
3. Skim commutator if it is pitted or badly worn. (b) Open circuit in starter-check brushes.

COPPE.R SOLENO 10 ENGAGEMENT ECCENTR Ie

LI~ UNIT LEvER PIVOT PIN

~b BEARING
BUSH

DRIvE EN'O
BRACKET

: \
I RETAiN!NG RING

~~~~~~~~~=iiiiiiiiiilINTER.MEOIATE
~ BEARING BUSH
BRACKET

COMMUTATOR END ARMATURE

BRACKET

Q7
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT-Q.9

CHECKING GLOW PLUGS To Check for Continuity of Glow Plugs

(a) Remove leads from glow plugs.
(b) Connect test lamp (A) as shown, to live (+ VEl
terminal.

Positive Term. of Battery (c) Check operation of lamp by earthing end (X) to
.."y" or other supply engine head .
(d) Connect test point "X" to each glow plug terminal
in turn, lamp will light on 'good' glow plugs and
will not light on open circuit (faulty) glow plugs.
'A'
Test Lamp with 12v. Automotive
lamp of low wattage.l6w.)

x To Check Supply to Glow Plugs

Connect test lamp (B) between point 'd' and earth
(engine mass).
When heater switch is operated the lamp should light.

From 'Heater'
Switch 'B'-~II'
Engine Mass
Checking Glow Plus Using a Voltmeter
1. Disconnect glow plug interconnecting links and
Glow Plugs main feed wire.
Where glow plugs are used as a starting aid, the bus
2. To check each glow plug individually connect a
bar connecting the four plugs is electrically energised
30-0-30 ammeter in series with main feed cable
when the equipment is used. and glow plug terminal.
As this bus bar is not insulated, extreme care must
3. Connect a 0-20 voltmeter from Glow Plug terminal
be exercised in as much as all pipes, clips and other to earth.
metal objects must be kept well clear.
4. Press heater button and observe ammeter and
The consequences of a direct short of this bus bar voltmeter readings. A current of about 9 amps will
to earth when energised are obvious.
be seen when the voltage is in the region of 11 to
On early engines the glow plugs are screwed into 12 volts. Energise plugs for about 20 to 30
adaptors which are fitted to the cylinder head. On seconds.
later engines the adaptors are removed and glow 5. If the reading is low, or non existent, plug should
plugs are screwed directly into the cylinder head. The be replaced.
latest engines have the holes in the cylinder head for
the tip of the glow plugs increased to accept glow 6. If no volt-meter reading is observed, a defective
plugs with a larger tip diameter. feed cable or switch is the probable cause.

4.108 Series Workshop Manual, June 1986

 SECTION R
Engines for Refrigeration Units
4.108 engines supplied for the driving of refrigeration Lubricating System
units are similar to those engines described in this
4.108 workshop manual and in the main, can be ser- Due to the fact that the lubricating oil sump capacity
viced in accordance with the instructions given in this has been increased to 28 pints and a much larger full
publication. The following differences should however, flow lubricating oil filter is used, also the addition of a
be noted:- by-pass lubricating oil filter, the lubricating oil and
filter element change period is extended to 1,000 hours.

Cold Starting Procedure (Refer Figs. R.1, R.2) Fuel System

Glow plugs are fitted in the cylinder head to assist
A mechanically governed fuel injection pump is
starting under cold conditions (see Page C.2).
fitted. The fuel pump rotor timing letter is "C", No.1
On early engines the glowplugs are screwed into outlet is Wand static timing is 21 0 B.T.D.C. or
adaptors which are fitted to the cylinder head. Later 0.150 in (3,81mm) displacement B.T.D.C.
engines have the glowplugs screwed directly into the
Two timing holes are provided in the rear of the
cylinder head. For further information refer to page
09. crankshaft pulley, which when engaged with the
timing pin, denote T.D.C. and 21 0 B.T.D.C. (static
timing point).
When this method of timing the fuel injection pump is
Cylinder Liners used, ensure that the fuel pump circiip is correctly
The cylinder liners fitted to 4.108 refrigeration unit set. For how to set the circiip, refer to the first part of
engines can be rebored 0.020 in (0,51 mm) oversize "Alternative method where no tool is available,"
to the standard bore dimensions given on Page 8.3. page N.7.

COMBUSTION GLOW PLUG ADAPTOR

CHAM

(
.+ GLOW PLUG

,
---; _ _ . ----J{ ._.J
,---I

R1

4.108 Series Workshop Manual, June 1986

ENGINES FOR REFRIGERATION UNITS-R.2

R2

General
The following major differences between the standard
4.108 vehicle engine and the 4.108 refrigeration unit
engine may be of interest:-

4.108(V) 4.108 for

Refrigeration
Units

Crankshaft Tufftrided Non-tufftrided

Cylinder head No glow plug bosses Glow plugs in
combustion
chambers
Piston ring, top Plain cast iron Chrome plated o.
Chrome Inserted
Piston ring, Internally internally
2nd and 3rd stepped stepped
Piston ring, 4th Cords Microland
Piston ring, 5th Maxigroove Microland or spring loaded
Piston Narrow 4th Wide 4th groove
groove for cords for Microland
rings ring
Inlet valve seal Fitted Fitted
Exhaust valve seal None fitted Fitted
Valve spring inner Fitted None fitted
Fuel pump Hydraulically Mechanically
governed D.P.A. governed D.P.A.
Lubricating oil system Much increased
oil and filter
capacity as
detailed on
previous page
 ENGINES FOR REFRIGERATION UNITS-R.3

A later controlled expansion piston with a 0.020 in

Timing Gear Cover and Oil Seal (0.50 mm) off-set gudgeon pin has been introduced
and details of these are given on Pages B3. B.4. F.2
Early engines use a black nitrile or a red silicone seal and F.3.
in a timing gear cover of pressed steel. An oil thrower
is used with a nitrile seal, but a spacer is used in place
of the oil thrower with the silicone seal. The silicone A controlled expansion piston has been introduced
seal has a series of spiral grooves set into the front into the 4.108 refrigeration specification engine. These
face of the main lip and a shaft rotation arrow marked pistons have a closer tolerance to the cylinder bore.
on the front face of the seal. This type of seal is therefore extreme care must be taken during handling.
known as a 'Spiroseal'. There is also a dust lip storing and refitting as any distortion or damage to the
forward of the main lip. piston skirt could lead to a seizure.

Later engines use a red or brown silicone 'Spiroseal' An interim controlled expansion piston was introduced
in a timing gear cover of cast aluminium which is from Engine No. 108U113592 and a final specification
dowelled to ensure centralisation of the seal. The piston from Engine No. 108U119423. The final specifica-
crankshaft pulley has been lengthened and the oil tion piston will be the only one supplied as a spare
thrower or spacer has been removed. part. and when used as a replacement for the interim
or the older type five ring piston. they should only be
The latest engines have a wear ring fitted to the fitted in complete engine sets using the correct piston
crankshaft pulley and use a black viton seal which ring pack.
has a larger internal diameter. The latest viton seal is
a 'Spiroseal' with a protruding dust lip. For Details of the controlled expansion pistons and their
information on fitting the oil seal and timing gear respective ring layouts are as follows: -
cover refer to page J.1.

Piston

Type Flat Topped - Controlled Expansion

Piston Height in Relation to Cylinder Block Top Face ... 0.002/0.006 in (0,05/0.15 mm) above
Bore Dia. for Gudgeon Pin 1.0627/1.0629 in (26.994/26.999 mm)
Compression Ring GroOve Width - Top 0.080/0.083 in (2,03/2.10 mm)
Compression Ring Groove Width - 2nd & 3rd 0.064/0.065 in (1.64/1.65 mm)
Oil Control Ring Groove - 4th 0.188/1.189 in (4,79/4,81 mm)

Piston Rings

Top Compression (marked 'TOP') ... Chrome Plated Taper Faced

Second and Third Compression (marked 'BTM') Internally Stepped
Fourth Oil Control Spring Loaded Scraper
Top Compression Ring Width 0.077/0.078 in (1.96/1,98 mm)
Ring Clearance in Groove 0.003/0.005 in (0.08/0.13 mm)
Second and Third Compression Ring Width ... 0.0615/0.0625 in (1.56/1.59 mm)
Ring Clearance in Groove 0.0015/0.0035 in (0.04/0.09 mm)
Fourth Scraper Ring Width 0.186/0.1865 in (4.72/4.74 mm)
Ring Clearance in Groove 0.002/0.0035 in (0.05/0.09 mm)
Ring Gap Top Compression 0.012/0.020 in (0.30/0.50 mm)
Ring Gap Second and Third Compression 0.009/0.017 in (0.23/0,43 mm)
Ring Gap Fourth Scraper 0.010/0.018 in (0.25/0,46 mm)
 Lubricating Oils
Lubricating oils should meet the requirements of the U.S. Ordnance Specifications MIL-L-46152
or MIL-L-2104C. The lubricating oils for use in Perkins Diesel engines should have a minimum
Viscosity Index of 80.

Note: Operators are advised not to use a lubricating oil to the MIL-L-2104C specification for the
first 500/1,000 miles (800/1600 km) or 25/50 hours of operation.

Some of these oils are listed below and on the following page. Any other oils which meet these
specifications are also suitable.

MILL46152 OILS

S.A.E. Designation

OaF (-18C) 30F (-1C)

Company Brand
to to Over
30F (-1C) 80F (27C) 80F (27C)

B.P. Ltd. Vanellus M 10W 20W 30

Vanellus M 20W/50 20W/50
Castllol Ltd. Castrol/Deusol CRX 10W 20 30
Castrol/Deusol CRX 10W/30 10W/30 10W/30
Castrol/Deusol CRX 20W/50 20W/50
Deusol RX Super 20W/40 20W/40
A. Duckham & Co. Ltd. Fleetol HDX 10 20 30
Fleetol Multi V 20W/50 20W/50
Fleetol Multilite 10W/30 10W/30 10W/30
Farmadcol HDX 20 30
Hypergrade 15W/50 15W/50
Fleetmaster 15W/40 15W/40
Esso Petl'loleum Co. Ltd. Essolube XD-3 10W 20W 30
Essolube XD-3 15W/40 10W/30
Mobil Oil Co. Ltd. Delvac 1200 Series 1210 1220 1230
Delvac Special 10W/30 1 10W/30
Shell Rimula X 10W 20W/20 30
Rimula X 10W/30 10W/30 10W/30
Rimula X 15W/40 15W/40
Rimula X 20W/40 20W/40
Rotella TX 10W 20W/20 30
Rotella TX 20W/40 20W/40
Total Oil Co. Ltd. Total Super HD 20W/20 30
Total HD2-M 10W/30 20W/40 20W/50
Total HD3-C (Rubia S) 10W 20W/20 30
Total HD3-C
(Rubia TM) 15W/40 15W/40
Total Universal Tractor
Oil (Multagri) 20W/30 20W/30
Total Super Universal
Tractor Oil
(Multagri TM) 20W/30 20W/30
 MILL2104C OILS

S.A.E. Designation

Company Brand OaF (-18C) 30F (-1C)

to to Over
30F (-1C) 80F (27C) 80F (27C)

B.P. Ltd. Vanellus C3 10W 20W/20 30

Castrol Ltd. Castrol/Deusol CRD i0W 20 30
Deusol RX Super 20W/40 20W/4J
Agricastrol HOD 10W 20 30
Agricastrol MP 20W/30 20W/30
Agricastrol MP 20W/40 20W/40
A. Duckham & Co. Ltd. Fleetol3 3/10 3/20 3/30
Farmadcol3 3/10 3/20 3/30
Hypergrade i5W/50 15W/50
Fleetmaster i5W/40 15W/40
Esso Petmleum Co. Ltd. Essolube D-3HP 10W 20W 30
Essolube XD-3 10W 20W 30
Essolube XD-3 15W/40 15W/40
Mobil Oil Co. Ltd. Delvac 1300 Series 1310 1320 1330
Shell Rimula CT 10W 20W/20 30
RimulaX 10W 20W/20 30
RimulaX 10W/30 10W/30 10W/30
Rimula X 15W/40 15W/40
Rimula X 20W/40 20W/40
Rotella TX 10W 20W/20 30
Rotella TX 20W/40 20W/40
Total Oil Co. Ltd. Total HD3-C (Rubia S) 10W 20W/20 30
Total HD3-C
(Rubia TM) 15W/40 15W/40
Total Super Universal
Tractor Oil
(Multagri TM) 20W/30 20W/30

oils for use in Perkins Diesel should have a minimum index of 80.

The above specifications are subject to alteration without notice.

 Approved Service Tools
Available from V. L. Churchill & Co. Ltd., Daventry, Northamptonshire, NN11 4NF, England.

Tool No. Description

PD.1D VALVE GUIDE REMOVER AND

REPLACER (MAIN TOOL)

PD.1D-1A ADAPTOR FOR PD.1D

A pair of puller bars fitted with knurled
nuts. Suitable for,Q6" and r guides.
The necessary distance piece from the
adaptors below should also be used.

PD.1D-2 ADAPTOR FOR PD.1D

A 20,5 mm (: r ) distance piece used
to replace valve guides to a set height.

No. 8 PISTON RING SQUEEZER

PD.41 B PISTON HEIGHT AND VALVE DEPTH

GAUGE
A simple method of quickly checking
piston height.

PD.130A FUEL PUMP ALLEN SCREW KEY

Assists access to the otherwise
inaccessible screws on D.P.A. pump.

PD.150A CYLINDER LINER REMOVER/

REPLACER (MAIN TOOL)
For Field Service replacement of
single liners. Not advised for complete
overhaul. For this work use adaptors
) with a hydrauliC ram unit.
 Tool No. Description

PD.1505 ADAPTORS FOR PD.150

Suitable for cylinders of 3.125" dia.
Removal and replacement.

155B BASIC PULLER

The cruciform head with multiple holes
at different centres is used with
adaptors listed below.

PD.1551 ADAPTORS FOR PD.155A

Used to remove water pump pulleys.

MF.20026 WATER PUMP OVERHAUL KIT

Used with 370 Taper Base and Press.

()~
.'~

)~,
355 CON ROD JIG & 336 MASTER ARBOR

~~t/j
: ~

336101 ARBOR ADAPTOR

Used with 335.

clJ)
6118B VALVE SPRING COMPRESSOR

PD.61181 ADAPTOR FOR 6118B

 Tool No. Description

MS678 TOOL FOR CHECKING FUEL

INJECTION PUMP TIMING

MS.73 ADJUSTABLE VALVE SEAT CUTTERS

0
(for 45 seats)

PD.160 TIMING TOOL COVER CENTRALISING

TOOL
-.
..--
 POWER PART Consumable Products

To give assistance in the correct operation, service and maintenance of

your engine and machine, Perkins Engines Ltd. have made available the
products shown below.

The instructions for the use of each product are given on the outside of
each container.

These products are available from your Perkins distributor.

POWERPART Antifreeze
Gives corrosion protection and also a more efficient coolant in hot
conditions. See Page C4.

POWERPART Lay-Up 1
A diesel fuel additive for protection against corrosion. See Page C.3.

POWERPART Lay-Up 2
Gives inside protection to the engine and other closed systems. See
Page C.3.

POWERPART Lay-Up 3
Gives outside protection to any metal parts. See Page CA.

POWER PART De-leer

To remove frost.

POWERPART Silent Spray

Silicone lubrication to lubricate and prevent noise from hinges, slide
doors, etc.

POWERPART Damp Displacer

To make damp electrical equipment dry and give future protection.

POWERPART Hylomar
Universal sealing compound to seal joints.

POWERPART Hylosil
Silicone rubber sealant to prevent leakage.

POWERPART Impact Adhesive

To keep joints in position during installation and other general attachment
purposes.

POWER PART Solvent

To thoroughly clean metal faces before assembly.

POWERPART Locking Agent

Used to securely install fasteners, sleeves, etc.
 Index
Aid, Starting - Data B.13 Engine, Failure to Start - Fault Diagnosis 0.1
Aid, Starting - To Operate C.1 Engine Number Location 3
Air Cleaners N.1 and N.2 Engine Photographs A.3 and A.4
Alternators - Precautions and Maintenance 0.1 Erratic Running - Fault Diagnosis D.1
AC5 Fault Finding 0.1 Engine, Runs only Momentarily-
11AC Fault Finding 0.2 Fault Diagnosis 0.1
Testing 15ACR and 17 ACR in Position 0.3
Output Test with Regulator Inoperative 0.4
Regulator Test 0.4
Antifreeze C.5
Approved Service Tools Appendix Fault Diagnosis D.1
Atomisers - Data B.12 Filter, Fuel Oil - Data B.11
Atomisers - General and Refitting N.10 Filter, Fuel Oil - To Renew Filter Element N.3
Atomisers - Identification N.10 Filter, Lubricating Oil - To Remove Element L.5
Atomisers - Testing on Engine N.10 Filter, Lubricating Oil - To Remove Head Casting L.5
Atomisers - Troubles N.10 Filter, Lubriciating Oil - To Renew Filter Element L.6
Flywheel and Flywheel Housing -
To Remove and Refit P.1 and P.2
Foreword 3
Fuel Injection Equipment - Data B.11
Batteries C.3 Fuel Oil Specification B.11
Backlash, Timing Gear - Data B.9
Backlash, Timing Gear Setting and Checking J.2
Bearing, Connecting Rod Data B.6
Bearing, Connecting Rod - To Renew F.1
Bearing, Crankshaft Main - Data B.6 Gasket, Cylinder Head E.7
Bearing, Crankshaft Main To Renew H.2
Gear, Camshaft - Data B.9
Belt, Fan To Adjust M.1
Gear, Camshaft - To Remove J.2
Belt, Fan - To Remove and Refit M.1
Gear, Camshaft - To Refit J.2
Block, Cylinder - Data B.3
Gear, Crankshaft - Data B.9
Bush, Connecting Rod Small End - Data B.4
Gear, Fuel Pump - Data B.9
Bush. Connecting Road Small End - To Renew F.2
Gear, Fuel Pump - To Remove and Refit J.2 and J.3
Gear, Idler and Hub - Data B.9
Gear, Idler and Hub To Remove and Refit J.1
Gear, Lubricating Oil Pump Drive - Data B.10
Camshaft - Data B.7 Gear, Lubricating Oil Pump Drive To Remove L.3
Camshaft - To Refit J.6 Gear, Lubricating Oil Pump Drive - To Refit L.4
Camshaft - To Remove J.5 Glow Plugs - General C.2
Capacity, Lubricating Oil - Data B.9 Glow Plugs - Checking 0.9
Capacity, Water (Coolant) - Data B.10 Guide, Valve (Inlet and Exhaust) - Data B.7
Case, Timing - To Refit Backplate J.4 Guide, Valve (Inlet and Exhaust)
Case, Timing - To Remove Backplate J.4 To Remove and Refit E.4
Case, Timing - To Remove and Refit Cover J.1
Checkover, Post Delivery C.3
Cooling System Data B.10 Hand Grinding (Lapping-in Valves) E.5
Cooling System - General C.4 Head, Cylinder - Data B.7
Crankcase Pressure (Excessive) Head, Cylinder - To Refit E.7
Fault Diagnosis 0.1 Head, Cylinder - To Remove E.1
Crankshaft Data B.6 Heater (Starter) Switch C.1
Crankshaft - To Refit H.3 Hub, Fuel Pump Drfve To Remove and Refit J.4
Crankshaft - To Remove H.3
Crankshaft and Main Bearings Description H.i

Index to Engine Photographs A.2

Insert, Combustion Chamber - Data B.7
Data, Technical B.1 Insert, Combustion Chamber -
B.1 To Remove and Refit E.4
De-Rating for Altitude
0.1 Insert; Valve Seat E.6
Difficult Starting
Dynamo, C40-1- Insert, Valve Seat To Fit E.6
Description 0.4
Maintenance 0.5
Performance Data 0.5
Servicing 0.5 Knocking, Engine - Fault Diagnosis 0.1
 INDEX Continued

Levers. Rocker - Data B.8 Pump. Fuel Lift - Data B.11

Liner. Cylinder - Data B.3 Pump. Fuel Lift - Dismantle NA
Liner. Cylinder - Description G.1 Pump. Fuel Lift - To Re-assemble NA
Liner, Cylinder - To Renew G.1 and G.2 Pump. Fuel Lift To Refit N.5
Lack of Power Fault Diagnosis D.1 Pump. Fuel Lift - To Remove NA
Lubrication. Engine - Diagram L.2 Pump. Fuel Lift - To Test in Position N.3
Lubricating Oils Appendix Pump. Lubricating Oil - Data B.10
Pump. Lubricating Oil - Description L.1
Pump. Lubricating Oil - To Dismantle L:3
Pump. Lubricating Oil - To Re-assemble LA
Manufacturing Data and Dimensions B.3 Pump. Lubricating Oil - To Refit LA
Misfiring - Fault Diagnosis D.1 Pump. Lubricating Oil - To Remove L.1
Motor, Starter - M45G (Run-Off Helix Drive) Pump. Water - Data B.10
Description 0.6 Pump. Water - To Dismantle M.2
Maintenance 0.6 Pump, Water - To Re-assemble M.3
Servicing 0.7 Pump. Water - To Refit MA
"S" Type Drive Assembly Pump. Water - To Remove M.1
Operation 0.7
Routine Maintenance 0.7
Motor, Starter - M45G (Pre-engaged Drive) Rating Details B.1
Description 0.8 Refrigeration Units
Maintenance 0.8 Cold Starting Procedure R.1
Servicing 0.8 Lubricating System R.1
Fuel System R.1
General R,2
Ring Gear. Flywheel - To Renew P.1
Oil Change Period Periodical Attention C.2 Rings, Piston - Data BA
Oil. Fuel System Inhibiting CA Rings. Piston - To Refit F.3
Oil Pressure. High Fault Diagnosis D.1
Rings. Piston - To Remove F.1
Oil Pressure. Low - Fault Diagnosis D.1 ROd. Connecting - Alignment B.5
Overheating. Engine - Fault Diagnosis D.1 Rods, Connecting - Data B.5
Overseas Companies 2
Rods. Connecting - To Refit F.5
Rods. Connecting - To Remove F.1
Rods. Push - Data B.8
Rods, Push - To Replace E.6
Periodical Attentions C.2 Running-in Procedure C.2
Pin. Gudgeon - Data BA
Pipes, Fuel High Pressure N.11
Pistons - Data B.3 Safety Precautions 4
Pistons - To Fit New Replacements F.5 Seal. Crankshaft Front End Oil - To Renew J.1
Pistons - To Remove from Connecting Rods F.1 Seal. Crankshaft Rear End Oil To Renew H.4
Pistons - To Refit to Connecting Rods F.2 Seal, Inlet Valve Stem E,6
Pistons - To Remove from Cylinder Block F.1 Service Instruction Page 6
Piston - To Refit to Cylinder Block F.5 Smoking Exhaust - Fault Diagnosis D.1
Plates, Camshaft Thrust -- Data B.7 Shaft. Rocker - Data B.8
Plates, Camshaft Thrust - To Remove J.5 Shaft. Rocker - To Dismantle E.6
Plate. Camshaft Thrust - To Refit J.6 Shaft, Rocker - To Re-assemble E.6
Preparation. Engine for Return to Service CA Shaft. Rocker - To Refit E.8
Pressure. Lubricating Oil - Data B.9 Shaft. Rocker - To Remove E.2
Pressure. Lubricating Oil - General L.5 Springs. Valve EA
Preservation of Laid-up Engine C.3 Springs, Valve - Data B.8
Protection of Engine not in Service C.3 Springs. Valve - To Refit E.6
Priming the Fuel System N.11 Springs. Valve To Remove E.3
Priming the Fuel System after Fuel Filter Starting Procedure C.1
Element Change N.11 Stopping the Engine C.2
Pumps. Fuel Injection Strainer. Lub. Oil Pump L.1
(Hydraulically and Mechanically Governed) Sump. Lubricating Oil Data B.9
Coding N.9 Sump. Lubricating Oil To Remove and Refit M.1
Description N.5 Switch, Starter C.1
Anti-stall Device (Hydraulically Governed) N.9
Data B.11
Idling Speed Adjustment N.9 Tappets - Data B.8
Maximum Speed Setting N.9 Tappets To Refit J.6
To Refit (Fuel Pump) N.6 Tappets To Remove J.5
To Remove (Fuel Pump) N.5 Thermostat - Data B.10
 INDEX Continued

Thermostat To Test MA
Thermostat - To Remove MA
Thermostat - To Replace MA
Timing Case and Drive J.1
Timing Gears - Data B.9
Timing - General L.1
Tim ing Marks L.1
Timing Pin L.2
nming, Fuel Injection - To Reset and Check N .. 6
Timing, Valve - To Check K.2
Timing, Valve - To Reset K.1
Timing, Fuel Injection Static Position B.12
Torque, Recommended Tensions B.2

Valve Clearances - Data B.8

Valve Clearances-
Method of Adjustment and Adjusting
Sequence E.8
Valves, Inlet and Exhaust Data B.8
Valves - To Refit E.6
Valves - To Remove E.3
Valves and Valve Seats E.5
Valve, Lub. Oil Filter By-pass - Data B.10
Valve, Lub. Oil Filter By-pass - Operation L.6
Valve, Oil Pressure Relief - Data B.10
Valve, Oil Pressure Relief-
To Remove and Dismantle L.5
Valve, Oil Pressure Relief-
To Re-assemble and Refit L.5

Washers, CrankshaftJ Thrust - Data B.6

Washers, Crankshaft Thrust - To Renew H.2
Weights, Engines - Data B.1
Wear Limits B.2
This publication is published by the Technical Publications
Department of Perkins Engines Limited and every endeavour
is made to ensure that the information contained in this
Manual is correct at the date of publication but, due to
continuous developments, the manufacturers reserve the
right to make alterations without notice.

PERKINS PARTS
lor
PERKINS PRODUCTS
TO ENSURE YOU OBTAIN THE BEST RESULTS FROM
'OUR ENGINE AND TO SAFEGUARD YOUR OWN
GUARANTEE, FIT ONLY GENUINE PERKINS PARTS.
THESE ARE READILY OBTAINABLE THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD.