17
Chapter IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter summarizes the results of the study. It presents the summary of
findings, conclusions and recommendations.
Summary of Findings
From the data gathered, analyzed and presented, the following findings
evolved after a thorough examination of the data through the different statistical
analysis employed.
The findings are presented below:
Profile of the buildings. Majority (20 percent) of the buildings constructed at the
year ranging from 1991-1995 which means the buildings were 25 years of existence,
while the least of them (4%) was fell at 1976-1980. Majority (44 percent), the distance
of structure from the fault line fell at the range of 4.0 kilometers to 4.9 kilometers
which is far from the fault line, while the least of them (16 percent) fell at the range of
3.0 kilometers to 3.9 kilometers. For the cracks and other structural failure for
columns, beams and girders, and walls were found to be very low of weighted mean
of 2.01, 1.95, and 2 respectively.
Fault Line in Naval Biliran. Based from the map presented at Appendix E the
approximate trace line of active fault line runs near in Calubian and 3.7 kilometers
distance away from Naval, Biliran.
Problems met by the building owner regarding their structure for the last past
five years. Cracking of wall surfaces were the problem of their structures which
18
ranked as 1, followed by the patterned cracking of walls which ranked as 2 and the
last rank (9) was the shaking of structure.
Conclusions
Based on the finding, the following conclusions were drawn:
Majority of the reinforced concrete structures were already 25 years of
existence and far from the fault line.
Cracks, delamination and spalling or structural failure in columns, beams and
girders, and walls were very low.
There was no active fault line with in Naval, Biliran but it was 3.7 kilometers
away from the fault line that runs along near Calubian, Leyte.
The number one problem met by the building owners was cracking of wall
surfaces.
Recommendations
In the light of the aforementioned results, the following are recommended.
1. There is a need in repairing the walls of concrete structures in Naval, Biliran.
2 .Another similar study needs to be undertaken with more variables to get better
results in assessing seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete structures in Naval,
Biliran.
19
Development Plan for the Improvement of the Reinforced Concrete Structure in
Naval, Biliran
Table 3
Development Plan
Proposed Activity/ Action
Persons Involved Source of Funding
taken
Evaluate the profile of the
Owner of the building
structure
LDRMM of Naval, Local Government Unit
Fault line determination
Biliran Funds
Identifying problems of the
Owner of the building
structures or building
Repair and Maintenance of the
structure Owner of the building Owner of the building
Improvement of the Structures
20
Literature Cited
Anand, A., Teddy, B., & Yuji, I. (2012). Guidelines for earthquake resistant non-
engineered construction
[Link]
Bombay, Guwahati, Kharagpur, Madras, &Roorkee (2013). Seismic Vulnerability
Assessment of Building Types in India Technicall Document (Tech- Doc) on
Typology of Buildings in
India[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
in-6-buildings-in-biliran-after-magnitude-4-9-quake.
[Link]
Kishor, J., David, W., & Keith, P. (2010) A Global Building Inventory for Earthquake
Loss Estimation and Risk Management.
Mohammad, M.A., Israt J., & Jahangir A. (2014). Earthquake Vulnerability
Assessment of Existing Buildings in Coxs-Bazar using Field Survey &
GIS International Journal of Engineering Research Technology (IJERT) Vol. 3
Issue 8, August 2014 [Link]
vulnerability-assessment-of-existing-buildings-in-coxs-bazar-using-field-
survey.
Rahman, M.A &Ullah, M.S (2012). Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of RC
Structures. Department of Civil Engineering Chittagong University of
Engineering & Technology.
Ravi,S., K.S.P. Aditya, &Achin, G. (2008). ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology,
Paper No. 497, Vol. 45, No. 3-4, Sept.-Dec. 2008 Gis-Based Urban Seismic
Risk Assessment Using [Link][Link]
[Link] & W.H. Schaad (2000). Assessment of earthquake vulnerability of
building. Earthquake Engineering, Tenth World Conference Balkema. ISBN 90
5410 060 5.
21
APPENDICES
22
Appendix A
LETTER OF REQUEST
Republic of the Philippines
NAVAL STATE UNIVERSITY
Naval, Biliran
September 22, 2016
MR. RAUL C. VILLORDON
Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Officer
Naval, Biliran
Sir:
Greetings!
We are fifth year Civil Engineering students of Naval State University, Naval Biliran
are on the process of conducting our research study entitled: Seismic Vulnerabilities
Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures in Naval, Biliran.
In connection to this, we would like to ask from your good Office a copy of Seismic
maps which indicates fault line in Naval, Biliran. This data will be great help in the
success of our study.
I hope this merit your kind approval.
Thank you so much and God bless.
Respectfully yours,
ACE CATANDIJAN
JANE D. BACALANDO
JOHN REY J. RIVERA
BSCE V Students
Noted by:
ROSSINI B. ROMERO, Ph. D.
Dean, College of Engineering
23
Appendix B
LETTER OF REQUEST
Republic of the Philippines
NAVAL STATE UNIVERSITY
Naval, Biliran
September 19, 2016
________________
________________
________________
Madam/Sir:
Greetings!
We are fifth year Civil Engineering students of Naval State University, Naval Biliran
are on the process of conducting our research study entitled: Seismic Vulnerabilities
Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures in Naval, Biliran.
In connection to this, we would like to ask a brief moment of your time to be one of
the respondents for this research endeavor. Rest assured that in accordance with the
ethics of research, your answer will be treated with utmost confidentiality.
I hope for your favorable response for this matter. Thank you and more power!
Respectfully yours,
ACE CATANDIJAN
JANE D. BACALANDO
JOHN REY J. RIVERA
BSCE V Students
Noted by:
ROSSINI B. ROMERO, Ph. D.
Dean, College of Engineering
24
Appendix C
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
SEISMIC VULNERABILITIES ASSESSMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURES IN NAVAL BILIRAN
General Direction: Please supply the needed data by filling up the line or
checking the box provided for your choice.
I. Profile of the Building
1.1) Year of the Building Constructed: ________________________________
1.2) Cracks or other structural failures at the following building parts
Scale: 4- High
3- Moderate
2- Low
1- Very Low
0- No Occurrence
Columns 4 3 2 1 0
Cracks
Spalling
Delamination
Beams and 4 3 2 1 0
Girder
Cracks
Spalling
Delamination
Walls 4 3 2 1 0
Cracks
Spalling
Delamination
1.3) approximate distance of the structure from the fault line: ______________
25
II. Problems met by the building owner regarding their structure for the last five
years.
[ ] Shaking of structures
[ ] Hogging and sagging of beams
[ ] Patterned cracking of wall, beams and girders, and columns
[ ] Falling of plasters or tiles
[ ] Bulging and falling off of concrete patches with reinforcement exposed
often rusty
[ ] Cracks with rust staining
[ ] Diagonals cracks up corners of window or doors
[ ] Long continuous cracks across width of wall
[ ] Cracking of wall surfaces
[ ] Debonding of finishes or tiles from wall structure resulting in hollow
sound when tapped.
Others please specify:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
26
Appendix D
Fault Line in Naval, Biliran
27
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Background
Name : ACE CATANDIJAN
Date of Birth : August 4, 1995
Place of Birth : Balite, Kawayan, Biliran
Present Address : Balite, Kawayan, Biliran
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father : Alexander C. Escano
Mother : Raquel D. Catandijan
Educational Background
College : Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Naval State University
Naval, Biliran
Secondary : Kawayan National High School
Kawayan, Biliran
March 2012
Elementary : Kawayan Elementary School
Kawayan, Almeria, Biliran
March 2008
28
Personal Background
Name : JANE D. BACALANDO
Date of Birth : June 13, 1995
Place of Birth : Tabunan, Almeria
Present Address : Tabunan, Almeria, Biliran
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Assemblies of God
Father : Emeliano L. Bacalando
Mother : Rowena D. Bacalando
Educational Background
College : Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Naval State University
Naval, Biliran
Secondary : Tabunan National High School
Tabunan, Almeria, Biliran
March 2012
Elementary : Tabunan Elementary School
Tabunan, Almeria, Biliran
March 2008
29
Personal Background
Name : JOHN REY J. RIVERA
Date of Birth : March 13, 1996
Place of Birth : Brgy. MabiniHigatangan, Naval, Biliran
Present Address : Brgy. MabiniHigatangan, Naval, Biliran
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : United Pentecostal Church
Father : Raymundo S. Rivera
Mother : Erlinda J. Rivera
Educational Background
College : Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Naval State University
Naval, Biliran
Secondary : Higatangan National High School
Higatangan, Naval, Biliran
March 2012
Elementary : Higatangan Elementary School
Higatangan, Naval, Biliran
March 2008
