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GENERALWORKFLOWBRIDGEDESIGN

ProjectWorkStepbyStep

ThegeneralworkflowsequenceinsideSOFiSTiKusingSSDandSOFiPLUSisrecommended
asfollows:

Prepareallprojectdataforinputintothesoftware
CreateanewSSDprojectfile
Defineprojectname
Selectdesigncode
Selectsystem
Definematerials
Definestandardcrosssections
Defineprestressingsystems
SystemandloadgenerationwithinSOFiPLUS
Defineabridgeaxis
Definehorizontalalignment
Defineverticalalignment
Defineplacements
Definesecondaryaxisifnecessary
Definevariablesforcrosssections
DefinebridgecrosssectionswiththeCrossSectionEditorinsideSOFiPLUS
Definebridgegeometryusingthepredefinedaxisgeometry

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Definetendongeometryandtendons
DefineactionsandloadcaseswithLoadcaseManager
Defineallloadssuchasadditionaldeadweight,settlementandtemperatureloads
Meshsystem
LinearAnalysisofalreadydefinedloads
GenerateenvelopesfromtrafficloadswithSSDTaskTrafficLoader
DefineconstructionstagesandstartautomaticanalysiswithinCSM
DefinecombinationsandsuperpositionswithCSMDESI
Intermediate Superpositioning (all variable actions/ loadcases) of inner forces
relatedtothetotalcrosssection(finalstage).
FinalSuperpositioning (Dead load, superimposed dead load, prestress,
creep&shrinkage&relaxation,envelopesofvariableloads)ofinnerforcesrelatedto
thepartialcrosssections.
Design Code Checks * ULS Design for required reinforcement, bearing capacity
calculation and other ultimate cases. * SLS Design: Serviceability checks (fibre stress
checks,crackwidthcheck,displacementsofthestructure,fatigue,dynamicsetc.)
GenerateReport
Saveprojectfiles

For practical examples and further information about the detailed input please see the
availablebridgetutorials.

StartNewSSDProject

TostartanewprojectpleaseopentheSSDandgotomenuFile>NewProject.Nowthe
System Information dialogue opens. Please define project title, project name and project
directoryfirst.

Note:Werecommendtousealocaldirectoryforyourprojectfilestospeedup
communicationbetweenprogramanddatabase.Lateronyoucanzipandsaveyour
projectdataonacompanyserver.

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Nowselectthecode.Firstselectthecountryflagandthenthecode.Incaseyouliketouse
thepureEurocodewithoutanynationalannexusetheEuropeanflag.ForfurtherInformation
aboutavailabledesigncheckspleasereadthemanualsAQBandBEMESSchapterNORM.

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Warning:IfyouleavetheSystemInformationdialoguewithOKtheselectedcountry
codeisfixedandsavedinsidethedatabase.YoumayNOTchangethecodelateron.

Withtheorientationofthedeadloadyoudefinetheglobalcoordinatesystem.Weareusinga
red arrow for the xdirection, a green arrow for the ydirection and a blue arrow for the z
direction.Thesecolourswillbeusedinallourprogrammodules.

WorkingwithSOFiPLUSyouhavetwomajoroptions:
workingwithstructuralelements(automaticmeshgeneration)
workingwithfiniteelements(manualmeshing)

Warning:Youmustselectoneoptiontogenerateyoursystem.Amixofbothmethodsis
notallowedinthegraphicalinput,butcanbedonewithscriptlanguageinsideTEDDY.

Warning:IfyouleavetheSystemInformationdialoguewithOKtheglobalcoordinate
directionisfixedandsavedinsidethedatabase.YoumayNOTchangethedirectionlater
on.

Note:Forbridgedesignwerecommendtousea3dsystem.

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MaterialDefinition

InsidetheSSDtasktreethetaskMaterialsisoneofthedefaultsettings.

Simplyusetherightmouseclickfunctiontogenerateasmuchnewmaterialsasnecessary.

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Note:Incaseyouhavedifferentconstructionstagesinyourcrosssection(e.g.composite
section),itisnecessarytodefineseparatematerialsforeverystageevenifthematerial
propertiesarethesameforbothparts.

Extra material constants may be defined for any type of material (AQUA:MEXT record).
PleaserefertoAQUAmanualformoredetails:

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CrossSectionDefinition

InsidetheSSDtasktreethetaskCrossSectionsisoneofthedefaultsettings.

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Fewoptionsareavailable:

Crosssectionvalues
Plate
Rectangle
TBeamsection
Circle/annularsection
Tube
Cablesection
Rolledsteel

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Hint:Simplyusetherightmouseclickfunctiontogenerateasmanystandardcrosssectionsas
necessary.SpecificbridgecrosssectionswillbegeneratedlaterviaSOFiPLUSCross
SectionEditor.

PrestressingSystem

PleaseaddanewSSDtaskPrestressingSystemstoyourproject.Witharightmouseclick
on this task you open the context menu. Select the option New and generate a new
prestressingsystem.Youmayselectoneofseveralsystemoutoftheavailablelibrary.

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Alternativelyitispossibletouseselfdefinedprestressingsystems.Inthatcasecreateanew
prestressingsystemandselectUserdefined.

SystemGenerationwithinSOFiPLUS

OpenSOFiPLUSfromtheSSDtaskSOFiPLUS(X)GUIModelcreation.

Note:Itmaybeusefultocollectandwritedownallnecessaryprojectdatabeforestarting
withthesystemgeneration.E.g.:

bridgegeometryinformationincludingaxesinformation
crosssectiongeometry
constructionsequenceincludinginfluenceoncrosssectionsandbridgestructure
conceptforelementgroupnumbering.Allelementssuchasbeams,quads,springs,
couplingsareorganisedingroups.

InsidetheSOFiPLUSwindowallnecessarycommandsareorganisedinaSidebarontheleft
side. Tab System repeats the options from SSD to define materials, cross sections and
prestressingsystems.Youalsofindthecommandtodefinenewgeometricaxes.

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DefineBridgeAxis

Firstwedefineanewbridgeaxis.Gotosidebar>tabSystemandusetherightmouseclick
on the command Geometric Axes. From the possible commands we use the option New
Axis...

Nowdefineanewnameforyouraxis.

Warning:Thereareonly4lettersand/ornumbersallowedfortheaxisname.

Confirm the name with OK and you will get into the first dialogue, where you define the
horizontal alignment of the new bridge axis. Most important is to understand the concept of
stations along the axis. Just imagine you start walking along the axis for 15.0 m and you
started at station 10.0 m. Now you stop at station 25.0 m = 10.0 +15.0 m . For further
descriptionpleaseseetheSOFiPLUSmanual.

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Note:Werecommendtodefineyouraxislongerthanyourrealbridgelength.Usuallyan
extensionof10.0matthebeginningand>10.0mattheendofthebridgeissufficient.
Thisisnecessarytoaddbridgeelementslateron,becauseyouarenotallowedtouse
negativestationvalues.

After the horizontal alignment you define the vertical alignment. Usually you can use the
informationfromthebridgelayoutdrawing.

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A very important option is to define variables along the bridge axis. These variables can be
usedforthecrosssectionsgenerationlateron.Theideaistodefineamastercrosssection
with all necessary variables inside. During the meshing process the program will use cross
sectionandvariableinformationtogenerateallnecessaryinterpolatedcrosssectionsforthe
finalfiniteelementmesh.

Warning:Youarenotallowedtousevariableformaterialnumbersinsidethecrosssection.
Itisalsonotpossibletousevariablesfortheareaoflongitudinalreinforcementalongthe
bridgeaxis.

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A next important step is to define placements along the bridge axis. Placements represent
specialpointsalongthebridgeaxistodefinesupports,constructionpoints,beginningandend
of a bridge structure. We will use these placements later on for an easy and fast system
generation with structural lines and structural areas. They are also very important for the
influence line evaluation later on. Support placements will be used together with the cross
memberseditorlaterontogeneratesupportelementsandalignthemautomaticallywiththe
placementsandtheaxis.

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Thelastsettingduringtheaxisgenerationistheoptiontodefinesecondaryaxes.Secondary
axescanbeusedforgridstructurestodefinethepositionsofmultiplebeamsparalleltothe
bridgeaxis,oralsoforshellbridgestodefinetheboundaryofthebridgeincludingtheposition
wheretheshellthicknesschanges.

Note:Atthemomentthesecondaryaxisarealwaysparalleltothemainbridgeaxis.Itis
onlypossibletodefineaconstantoffsetinyandzdirection.

DefineCrossSections

Besidesthestandardcrosssections,wealreadydefinedinsidetheSSD,wewillnowdefine
morecomplexbridgecrosssections.ThiswillbedonewithintheCrossSectionEditorinside
SOFiPLUS.FirstgototheSystemtabandusetherightmouseclickonCrossSections.
Wewanttodefineanewsolidcrosssectionforreinforcedconcrete.

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DefineBridgeGeometry

Whetheryouwillusebeamorshellelements,definingthebridgegeometryfollowsthesame
principlesbasedonanexistingbridgeaxis.GotothetabStructuralElementsandselecta
commandLineorArea.Usetherightmouseclicktoopenthecontextmenuandselectthe
commandSEGmentongeometricaxis.Nowclickontheaxisinyourdrawingarea.Thenext
context menu opens. Select the command Between all placements. The program will
automaticallygeneratestructuralelementsbetweenallpredefinedplacements.

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Formoredetailedinformationpleaseseethedifferentbridgetutorials.

DefineTendons

ThetendongeometryandthetendonswillbedefinedgraphicallyinsideSOFiPLUS.Thereare
twogeneraloptionstodefinetendonsinsideSOFiPLUS.

withPTEditorbasedonbridgeaxis
withTendon(Draw)commandbasedonexistingAutoCADsplineorlineobjects.

Note:Incaseyoudohavemultiplebeamsyoushouldusesecondaryaxestodefinethe
beamelementsandalsotodefinethetendongeometry.

FornewbridgesthePTEditoristhemostusefulcommand,werecommendtouse.Simply
go to the sidebar tab Prestressing and select the command PT Editor (Developed
Geometry).Pleasebecarefulaccordingtotheelementsyouareusinginsideyoursystem.In

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case of beam elements you must use the command below the title Beam PT: Create and
Modify.

Inthenextstepyoumustselectageometricaxisasareference.

Insidetheupcomingdialogueallsettingsforthetendongeometryandthetendonsaredefined
accordingtotheselectedbridgeaxis.Thegeneralprincipleistodefineonetendongeometry
and use this geometry to define multiple tendons if necessary with different start and end
stations for every single tendon. The tendon geometry is a spatial spline defined by several
GeometryPoints.InsidethetableofGeometryPointsyoumayediteverysetting.Alternatively
you may select multiple points and change the settings of all selected points inside the
Propertiesfield.

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Clicking on the Edit Tendons button you get into the Tendon definition dialogue. The first
tendon is already set inside the table. With the button Draw Tendon you may define new
tendonswithvariablestartandendstations.Importantistodefinealoadcaseforthestatic
determinant tendon forces and moments. Usually we recommend to have the necessary
loadcases defined before you start defining the tendons. Nevertheless it is also possible to
generateanewloadcaserightfromthisdialogue.Incaseyoudefinealoadcase(LC0)the
static determinate forces and moments are saved separately inside this load case. Usually
thisinputisnotnecessary.TheCSMproceduredescribedlaterwillautomaticallytakecareof
thetwopartsoftheprestressingforcesandmoments.

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After defining all tendons you see a list of all tendons in the sidebar. In case you want to
define new tendons, which are parallel to your already defined tendons, you should use a
commandClone...fromthecontextmenu.Simplyusetherightmouseclickononeofyour
tendons.Theclonedtendonshaveafixedoffsetinyandzdirectionrelatedtotheconnected
bridgeaxis.

Incaseyouwanttoeditthetendonpropertiessimplydoubleclickonthetendonslistedinthe
sidebar.

Note:Editingtheclonedtendongeometryisnotpossible.

Nowthetendongenerationprocessisfinished.

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DefineActionsandLoadCases

Beforedefininganyloadsitisnecessarytodefineactionsandloadcases.Thisisdonewith
the Loadcase Manager. Simply go to tab Loads and click on Loadcase Manager We
recommend the following list of actions. All these actions are defined inside SOFiPLUS >
LoadcaseManagertabActions.

Description Action PART SUPP

Selfweight G_1 G PERMalways

AdditionalDeadload G_2 G PERMalways

Temperature T Q EXCLexclusive

Settlement F Q COND
conditional

TrafficloadTS L_T Q_1Load EXCLexclusive

Group1

TrafficloadsUDL L_U Q_1Load EXCLexclusive

Group1

Prestressing P P PERMalways

Note:ActionforCreepandShrinkagewillbedefinedlateroninsidetheconstructionstage
managerCSM

We recommend the following list of load cases. All these load cases are defined inside
SOFiPLUS>LoadcaseManagertabLoadcases.

BasicLoads

LCNumber Description Action

1 selfweightstructure NONE

2 additionaldeadload(e.gasphalt) NONE

515X settlementinineverysupportaxis,e.g.10 F
mm

8182 uniformtemperatureload NONE

8384 temperaturedifference NONE

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LCNumber Description Action

9198 temperaturecombinationsdeltaTN+ T
wm*deltaTMandwn*deltaTN+deltaTM

Note:
The loadcases 1 and 2, self weight and additional dead load, will be used later on
inside the construction stage manager (CSM). Processing the construction stages
the load cases will be connected automatically to the corresponding action types.
ConnectingLC1and2toactionNONEwillsecure,thattheywillnotbeusedtwice
inmanuallydefinedcombinationlateron.
Accordingtothecodeacombinationoftemperatureloadsisnecessary.Thiswillbe
doneinaseparateusertask.

TrafficLoads

LCNumber Description Action

120x loadtraine.g.LM1with300kNaxleload NONE

2xx envelopefromTrafficLoader,TSLoad L_T

Group1

3xx envelopefromTrafficLoader,UDLLoad L_U

Group1

DefineLoads

Definingloadsyoumayfollowtwogeneralprinciples:

ElementLoads
FreeLoads

Element loads are directly related to a structural point, line or area. In case the geometric
properties of these elements changes, the load changes as well. As we are defining our
bridgesystemaccordingtoabridgeaxiswealsowantourloadstofollowtheaxisincasewe
change the axis parameters of our bridge. For that reason we recommend to use Element
Loadsforbridgedesign.

TheFreeLoadsarebasedonthegeometricinput.Lateronduringthemeshingprocessthe
loadswillbeconnectedtoexistingelements.Incasenoelementcanbefoundalsonoloads
willbeapplied.

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Note:Ifanyloadisnotfullyappliedtotheelements,therewillbeawarning:

MeshSystem

Tostartthemeshingprocessclickontheexportbuttonontopleftofthesidebar.

The export dialogue contains two tabs: Common and Text Output. Usually the default
settingsaresufficientandyousimplyclickOKtostarttheautomaticmeshgeneration.The
settings inside the tab Text Output control the amount of output. The standard rule in
SOFiSTiK is, that the maximum amount of output is based on the settings before any
calculation. Later on it is possible to reduce (or increase again) the existing output in
Reportbrowser.Butyoucannotincreaseanonexistingoutputwithoutanewcalculation.

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NowtheinputisfinishedandwecangobacktotheSSDwindow.Usuallyyoumayclosethe
SOFiPLUSwindow.

LinearAnalysis

Before we start analysing all existing load cases, we have to create combined temperature
loads.

CombinationofTemperatureLoads

Temperature loads will be combined according the requirement of the code later on in the
SSDprojectwithataskUserText,becausethisisveryeasytodonumerically.

Theinputsequenceisprintedbelow:

+prog sofiload
head Temperature Load Combinations

LC 91 TYPE T TITL 'T summer posdt TN+wm*dT' ; COPY 81 ; COPY 83 FACT 0.75
LC 92 TYPE T TITL 'T summer negdt TN+wm*dT' ; COPY 81 ; COPY 84 FACT 0.75
LC 93 TYPE T TITL 'T winter posdt TN+wm*dT' ; COPY 82 ; COPY 83 FACT 0.75
LC 94 TYPE T TITL 'T winter negdt TN+wm*dT' ; COPY 82 ; COPY 84 FACT 0.75
LC 95 TYPE T TITL 'T summer posdt wn*TN+dT' ; COPY 81 FACT 0.35 ; COPY 83
LC 96 TYPE T TITL 'T summer negdt wn*TN+dT' ; COPY 81 FACT 0.35 ; COPY 84
LC 97 TYPE T TITL 'T winter posdt wn*TN+dT' ; COPY 82 FACT 0.35 ; COPY 83
LC 98 TYPE T TITL 'T winter negdt wn*TN+dT' ; COPY 82 FACT 0.35 ; COPY 84

end

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TaskLinearAnalysis

ForthelinearanalysisweaddthetaskLinearAnalysistoourprojectfile.Whenopeningthis
taskallavailableloadcaseswithinthedatabaseareselectedforanalysis.Aswedohaveself
weight,additionaldeadloadandthesingletemperatureloadsinourdatabase,butwedont
wanttohavethemusedinourprojectwechangetheselectionmanually.

IneverySSDtaskthereisatabGraphicalOutput.Thesepicturesaredesignedforasimple
2dslabproject.Thereforewerecommendtoswitchofallstandardgraphics.Wewillgenerate
ourowngraphicsinaseparatetaskInteractiveGraphic.

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TrafficLoads

The evaluation of traffic loads is done with the influence line method using the SSD task
TrafficLoader.PleaseinsertthetaskTrafficLoaderintoyourprojectandopenit.Insidethe
dialoguethereare5tabs.

Warning:
To run this task it is absolutely necessary to have a full stiffness matrix available
inside the data base. For that reason run the task Linear Analysis always before
runningthetaskTrafficLoader.
Incaseyouhaveapilefoundationinsideyourproject,pleasenote,thattheinfluence
line method (module ELLA) cannot produce any bedding results. As a workaround
werecommendtouserealbeamelementsandmodelthebeddingwithsinglespring
elements.

InsidethefirsttabLanesyoudefinethelanes,wherethetrafficpassesoveryourbridge.
Select the bridge axis and a section type EC. The program will automatically define all
necessarylanes.

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Note:
Thebridgeaxisusedforthetrafficloadsmustbelocatedaboveallbridgeelements.
Incaseofaninclinedbridgedeck,youmustdefineanewaxisabovethecomplete
bridgedecktoapplyalltrafficloadscorrectly.
This task works perfect for paralle lanes. In case of non parallel lanes a numerical
textbasedinputisnecessary.

Inside the second tab Load Trains you define the load trains. Simply click on the button
Add loadtrain... and select the necessary loadtrains out of the library of load trains. For
bridgeprojectsaccordingtotheEurocodeyouneedaloadtrainLM1300,LM1200andLM1
100.Ofcourseyoumaydefinealsothefatigueloadmodels

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InsidethethirdtabCalculationyouselectallelementsyouwanttohaveresultsfor.There
are only results for beams, nodes, quads and springs available. Simply click on the button
New to add additional elements. Elements you dont want will be deleted with a click on
button Delete. The load case numbers listed here are fixed and will be added to a base
loadcasenumberlateronintabnumber4loadgroups

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InsidetheforthtabLoadGroupsyoudefinethedifferentloadgoupsandevaluationcases.
Alsoyoudefinebaseloadcasenumber,whichhasatleast3digits.Aloadgroupcontainsall
loads according to the load group definition inside the Eurocode. Usually we define a load
groupforthetandemaxleloads(TS),fortheuniformdistributedloads(UDL)andalsoforthe
horizontalloads.Theevaluationcasescontainthedifferentloadpositionsincombinationwith
thelanes.Internallytheprogramcreatesanenvelopeofallcases.Tomakesuretheresults
willbeusedcorrectlyinthefurtherprojectwork,allresultloadcasesaresavedinthecorrect
actions.

Note:Anactioncanbeseenasacontainerwithloadcasessavedinsidethiscontainer.
Thereforeallloadcasesofonecontainerhavethesameproperties.Lateronwesimplyuse
allloadcasesoutofonecontainerbycallingtheactionitself.

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InsidethefifthtabPlotsyoudefinetheamountofgraphicaloutput.Usuallytheinfluence
linesareplottedforallelements.Otherwiseyoufillintheelementnumberyouwant,orselect
the elements via ANIMATOR selection. We recommend to select only a few elements. This
willspeeduptheanalysisandreducestheamountofoutput.

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After all settings are clear you close the dialogue. When closing the dialogue the task is
processed automatically, because the option Process immediately is active per default
setting.AftertheanalysistheenvelopescanbeplottedusingataskInteractiveGraphic.

ConstructionStages

Withtheconstructionstagemanagerweareabletoanalysethewholebuildingprocess.This
process will effect the forces and moments inside our structure and cannot be neglected.
WhenhavingprestressedorcompositestructurestheCSMismandatory.

BeforeaddingtheSSDtaskConstructionStageManager(CSM)fromourtasklibrary,you
shouldsetupatimelinewithallnecessaryincidents.Constructionstagesaredefinedinside
crosssectionsandalsoinsidethetendongeometryandlayoutalreadymadeinSOFiPLUS.
Allelementsofyourstructuralsystemareorganisedingroups.Thisisimportantasyoumay
activate and also deactivate single groups of elements at any time during the construction
process.

Note:

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Usuallytherearedifferentincidentsbetweentwomajorstageslike
prestressing,grouting,temporaryloads,creepandshrinkage.Forthatreason
itisusefultoincreasethestagenumberby10.Thisenablesyoualsotoadd
newstagesinbetween,withoutrenumberingeverything.

RecommendedStageNumbers:

10th:anewgroupofelementsisactive
11th:prestressing,staticdeterminatepart
12th:prestressing,staticindeterminatepart
13th:grouting(optional)
14th:newloads,e.g.formwork
15th:upto4creepandshrinkagesteps(15,16,17,18)
19th: for precamber analysis or activation of self weight from cross
sectionstage

Thefirstconstructionstageshouldstartwithstagenumber10.

If all the predefinion work is finished you may insert the CSM task and open it. Inside this
dialoguethefirstthreetabsarethemostimportantones.

The first table contains a list of all construction stages. This describes the timeline of all
incidentsofourstructure.Onlythecreepandshrinkagestageshaveatimeduration.

Thesecondtabledefinesthepropertiesandactivationstagesofallelementgroups.

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The third table defines the properties and activation stages of load cases during the
constructionprocess.

Tabfourandfivearedealingwithcontrolparametersandtheamountofoutput.Forthefirst
applicationthedefaultsettingsaregood.IfyouclosetheinputwiththeOKbuttontheoption
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Processimmediatelyisactiveandthewholeprocessstarts.

Importanttoknowisthefact,thatalltheresultsaresavedagaininaserieofloadcases.The
numberingfollowsaveryclearconcept.

OverviewofloadcasesusedbyCSM:

CSMConstructionstages:

LCNumber Description

39703997 Comparisonloadcasescastinone(CTRLcast)

40004999 TotalCSdisplacementsandforceswithoutprestresslossesfrom
C+S

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LCNumber Description

50005999 Differencedisplacementsandforces>CSMDESIwithsafety
factors

60006999 AQBinnerstressesfromcreepandshrinkageincludingprestress
losses>CSMDESI

70007999 Sumstressresults(realstresses)oftheAQBLCSTevaluationincl.
prestresslossesfromC+S

1500015999 Primaryparteffectofprestressseparatedinconstructionstages

1600016999 Secondaryeffectofprestressinconstructionstagesusingmore
than1000stages:

4000049999 TotalCSdisplacementsandforces

5000059999 Differencedisplacementsandforces

6000069999 AQBinnerstressesfromcreepandshrinkage

7000079999 AQBLCSTresultstresses(realstresses)

ForCSMnewsegmentswithCTRLCANT3:

LCNumber Description

180000189999 helploadcasesforanalysisofrestraint

ForCSMprecamberanalysis(CAMB)

LCNumber Description

140000149999 TotalCSdisplacementswithoutCAMBmodification

ForCSMEquationSystemusage

LCNumber Description

1999 CSM_Combinationloadcase(CTRLLCEQ)

ForCSMDESIDesignusage

LCNumber Description

10011099 AQBcheckprint

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LCNumber Description

11011199 SLSrare(characteristic)superpositionanddesign

12011299 SLSnonfrequentsuperpositionanddesign

13011399 SLSfrequentsuperpositionanddesign

14011499 SLSpermanentsuperpositionanddesign

17011799 SLSconstructiondesignrare(characteristic)

18011899 SLSconstructiondesignpermanent

19011998 1.0superposition

21012199 ULSdesign

22012299 ULSconstructiondesign

25012599 Accidential

26012699 Earthquake

28012899 FatigueLM3withpkinfandpksupprestress

29012999 FatiguesimplifiedLM1withpkinfandpksupprestress

90019499 Superpositionwithpkinfandpksupprestress

Note:Incaseofmorethan1000constructionstages,thenumberoftheresultloadcases
isincreasedbyafactorof10to4000049999andsoon.

CombinationsandSuperpositioning

For the design process a combination in ULS and SLS state of all loads is necessary. For
prestressed, post tensioned or composite beam bridges it is necessary to have the
combinations from all loads acting on the final bridge construction separate. The final
combinationsisdoneinthebeamdesignprogramAQB.ThemoduleCSMisabletogenerate
allnecessarycombinations.

To apply the automatic generation of all necessary combinations add a task Text Editor
(TEDDY)insideyourproject.

Note:UsetherightmouseclickfunctiononthenewTextEditor(TEDDY)taskandselect
theoptionRename.Pleasedefineanewnameforthistask,e.g.CSMDesiMAX

Hereyoulistallvariableactionsyouwanttobeusedinsidethecombinations.Additionallyyou
assigneveryactiontothenecessarydesignchecks.
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According to the German code it is necessary to have two different actions for settlements
whichwillbeusedfordifferentdesignchecks:

possiblesettlementSFwillbeusedforULSdesigncheck
probablesettlementZFwillbeusedforSLSdesigncheck

Theinputsequenceisprintedbelow:

+prog csm $Combinations

head Combinations
!*!Label Select variable actions
ACT TYPE FOR
T ULS,SLS
F ULS,SLS
L_T ULS,SLS
L_U ULS,SLS

!*!Label request combinations only

DESI MAX

!*!Label define extension for new data file

CTRL FILE 'maxi'
end

+apply $(name)_maxi.dat

DesignChecks

According to the code selected at the beginning of the project several design checks are
necessary. Again the module CSM is able to generate all necessary design checks
automatically.

ToapplytheautomaticgenerateddesignchecksaddataskTextEditor(TEDDY)insideyour
project.

Note:UsetherightmouseclickfunctiononthenewTextEditor(TEDDY)taskandselect
theoptionRename.Pleasedefineanewnameforthistask,e.g.CSMDesiULS,SLS

Theinputsequenceisprintedbelow:

+prog csm $Design Checks

head Design Checks
!*!Label Selection of code design checks
$DESI ULTI,Deco $ make only ULS design and decompression check
DESI STAN $ make all available design checks according selected code

end

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+apply $(name)_desi.dat

Note:UsingCSMmoduleanewfile$(name)_desi.datisgeneratedautomatically.Youmay
havealookintothisfiletoseethegeneralsettings.Ifyoulikeyoumaygenerateanewtask
TextEditor(TEDDY)inyourproject.Nowyoumaysimplycopythecorrespondinginput
linesfromthe$(name)_desi.datintoyournewtask.Thisisaveryeasymethodtogenerate
anewtaskwithaspecificdesigncheck.Doingthis,youmaychangeallsettingsaccording
toyourneeds.

GenerateReport

InSSDeverysingletaskproducesareportfileproject.plb.Foragraphicalvisualisationofall
resultswerecommendtoaddseveraltasksInteractiveGraphic.Youmaymovethesetasks
at any place inside your tasktree. Usually it is helpful to have system plots, plots with the
resultingforcesandmomentsandfinallysomeplotswiththedesignresults.

Note:IneverytaskInteractiveGraphicyoumaydefineasmanypicturesyouwant.Lots
ofpicturesmayslowdowntheperformance.Thereforewerecommendtousemultiple
tasksforgraphicalresults.

Thereisanoptiontogenerateacompletedocumentationfile.GotoSSDmenuSOFiSTiK>
ReportBrowser>AllReportsorusetheiconshowninthefollowingpicture.

Insidethecompletedocumentyoumayinsertatableofcontents.Thiscanbedoneinsidethe
ReportBrowsermenuDocument>InsertTableofContents,seepicturebelow.

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Tohaveasecureoutputfilewerecommendtoprintthefinaldocumenttoapdffile.Thiscan
bedoneeasilywiththeprintfunctionfromthereportbrowser.Openthereportbrowserandgo
tomenuFile>ExporttoPDF

SaveProjectFiles

After the project is finished, all calculations are done and a final report was generated, you
shouldsaveyourprojectonacompanyserver.Forthatreasonwerecommendtopackyour
projectfilestogetherinoneproject.zipfile.SimplygotoSSDmenuFile>Archiveoruse
the button with the zipsymbol. Alternatively you may click directly on the Zip symbol in the
toolbar.

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Note:Toreproduceaprojectonlythefilesproject.sofistikandproject.dwgarenecessary.

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