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Theory: CSTR o

The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) is a common model used in chemical engineering to estimate key variables for a continuous agitated-tank reactor. In a CSTR, mixing is complete so that properties like temperature and concentration are uniform throughout the reactor volume. The conservation of mass principle requires that the rate of change of a species in a reactor element equals the net rates of that species into and out of the element, plus any production within the element. Residence time represents how long it takes for concentrations to change significantly in the reactor, and is calculated based on reactor volume and total feed flow rates. Conversion, yield, and selectivity are essential reaction engineering terms that describe the extent to which reactants are used and products are

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52 views2 pages

Theory: CSTR o

The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) is a common model used in chemical engineering to estimate key variables for a continuous agitated-tank reactor. In a CSTR, mixing is complete so that properties like temperature and concentration are uniform throughout the reactor volume. The conservation of mass principle requires that the rate of change of a species in a reactor element equals the net rates of that species into and out of the element, plus any production within the element. Residence time represents how long it takes for concentrations to change significantly in the reactor, and is calculated based on reactor volume and total feed flow rates. Conversion, yield, and selectivity are essential reaction engineering terms that describe the extent to which reactants are used and products are

Uploaded by

IzniSyazana
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THEORY

The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat- or backmix reactor is a
common ideal reactor type in chemical engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model is used to
estimate the key unit operation variables when using a continuous agitated-tank reactor to reach a
specified output. A stirred tank reactor (STR) may be operated either as a batch reactor or as a
steady-state flow reactor (better known as Continuous Stirred tank Reactor {CSTR}). The key or
main feature of this reactor is that mixing is complete so that properties such as temperature and
concentration of the reaction mixture are uniform in all parts of the vessels. Material balance of a
general chemical reaction is described below:
The conservation principle requires that the mass of species A in an element of reactor volume
V obeys the following statement:
[ Rate of A into ] [ Rate of A out of ] + [ Rate of A produced ] = [ Rate of A ]
volume element volume element within volume element accumulated within
volume element

Consider the chemical reaction as below:


aA + bB cC + dD
Residence time, is the average amount of time that a particle spends in a particular system. The
residence time, is a representation of how long it takes for the concentration to significantly
change in the sediment.

=

Where VCSTR is the reactor volume and vo is the total feed flow rates. The reactor volume and the
total feed flow rates for each experiment remain unchanged.
Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are essential terms in chemical reaction
engineering. They are described as proportions of the amount of a reactant has responded, the
amount of a coveted item was formed and what amount wanted product was formed in
proportion to the undesired product(s). Change XA is the quantity of moles of A that have
responded per mole of A fed to the system.

=

A reaction rate constant, k quantifies the rate of a chemical reaction. The reaction rate is often
found to have the form.

=
Where CA and CB are the concentration of the species A and B respectively, each raised to the
powers and , while k is the reaction rate constant. The exponents and are the partial
reaction orders.
Since the experiment that we had carried out is temperature dependence, we use the Arrhenius
equation. The Arrhenius equation gives the quantitative basis of the relationship between the
activation energy and the reaction rate at which a reaction proceeds. The rate constant is then
given by

() =
From the Arrhenius equation above, we can derive a new formula to find activation energy, E.
1
ln = ln ( )

= (ln ln )
Where, E is the activation energy, A is the Arrhenius constant, R is the Universal Gas Constant
which is 8.314 J/mol.K , and T is the absolute temperature. Activation energy, E is the minimum
quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.

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