Board Exam Problems

on
AC MACHINES
(Transformers)
1. The high-voltage coil of a transformer is wound with 700 turns of wire, and the low-
voltage coil is wound with 292 turns. When used as a step-up transformer (the low-
voltage coil is used as the primary), the load current is 10.5 A. Find the load
component of the primary current.
A. 43.5 A B. 4.38 A C. 25.18 A D. 2.518 A
Solution:

=

(700)(10.5)
= =
292

= .

REE May 2008

2. A transformer has a primary winding of 2, 000 turns and of 2, 400 Volts and current
of 8.66 5 Ampere with an impedance 2 connected across the secondary winding.
If the secondary winding has 500 turns, what is the value of the secondary current?
A. 20 34.64 B. . C. 34.64 + 20 D. 20 + 34.64
Solution:

=

(8.665)(2,000)
= =
500
= .

3. A 120 V to 27.5 V, 400 Hz step-down transformer is to be operated at 60 Hz. What is

the highest safe input voltage?
A. 200 V B. 400 V C. 120 V D. 18 V
Solution:
1 1
=
2 2
1 2 (120)(60)
2 = =
1 400
=

REE September 2011

4. When a welding transformer is used in a resistance welding, it will
A. step up voltage B. step down voltage
C. step up current D. step down current
:
, .
5. A 4, 600/230 V, 60 Hz step-down transformer has core dimension of 76.2 mm by
111.8 mm. A maximum flux density of 0.93 /2 is to be used. Assuming 9
percent loss of area due to stacking factor of laminations, calculate the primary and
secondary turns required.
A. 2, 395 and 120 B. 120 and 2, 395 C. 2, 180 and 109 D. 109 and 2, 180
Solution:
= (1 0.09)(76.2 111.8 )
1 2
= 7, 752.4362 ( )
1,000
= 7.752 10 3
2

=

= (0.93 ) (7.752 103 2 )
2
= 7.209
= 4.44
4,600
= =
4.44 (4.44)(60)(7.209103 )
= ,
230
= =
4.44 (4.44)(60)(7.209103 )
=

REE October 1997

6. A small single-phase transformer has 10.2 watts no-load loss. The core has a volume
of 750 cubic cm. The maximum flux density is 10, 000 gauss and the hysteresis
constant of the core is 5 104 , using the Steinmetz law to find the hysteresis,
determine the eddy current loss.
A. 4.55 Watts B. 5.55 Watts C. 3.55 Watts D. 2.55 Watts
Solution:

1.6
= (5 104 )(750)
= 0.375
1 1
= (0.375)(60)(10, 000)1.6 ( )( )
105 100
= 5.652
=
= 10.2 5.652
= .
REE September 2006
7. The primary of transformer has 200 turns and is excited by a 240 V, 60 Hz source.
What is the maximum value of the core flux?
A. 4.04 mWb B. 4.40 mWb C. 4.13 mWb D. 4.32 mWb
Solution:
240
= = (4.44)(60)(200)
4.44
= .

REE September 2008

8. A transformer is rated 1 kVA, 220/110 V, 60 Hz. Because of an emergency this
transformer has to be used on a 50 Hz system. If the flux density in the transformer
core is to be kept the same as at 60 Hz and 220 V, what is the kilovolt-ampere rating
at 50 Hz.
A. 0.890 kVA B. 0.833 kVA C. 0.909 kVA D. 0.871 kVA
Solution:

1 1
=
2 2
1 2 (1)(50)
2 = =
1 60
= .

9. A single-phase transformer has a no-load power input of 250 Watts, when supplied
at 250 V, 50 Hz has a p.f of 0.25. What is the magnetizing component of the no-load
current?
A. 4.00 A B. 3.87 A C. 1.00 A D. none of these
Solution:
250
= =
. 0.25
= 1, 000
= 1 0.25
= 75.52
=
1,00075.52
= = 475.52
250
= 1 + 3.873
= .
REE September 2011
10. A 4, 400 V, 60 Hz transformer has a core loss of 840 Watts, of which one-third is
eddy current loss. What is the core loss when the xformer is connected to a 4, 600 V,
50 Hz source?
A. 977 Watts B. 907 Watts C. 927 Watts D. 944 Watts
Solution:
1
=
3
1
1 = (840)
3
1 = 280
= +
1 = 840 280
1 = 560
2 2 (2 )2
=
1 1 (1 )2
4,6002
2 = 280 ( )
4,4402
2 = 306.033
1.6
2 ( 20.6 )
2 2
= 1 1.6
1 1 ( 0.6 )
1
4,6001.6
( )
500.6
2 = 560 [ 4,4001.6
]
( )
600.6
2 = 670.788
2 = 2 + 2 = 670.788 + 306.033
= .

REE September 2004

11. In an ideal transformer, what is the efficiency?
A. 100% B. 90% C. 80% D. 70%
12. A 100 kVA distribution transformer has a full-load copper loss of 1, 180 Watts. For
what kilowatt load, at a power factor of 0.71, will the copper losses in the
transformer be 1, 500 Watts?
A. 90.25 B. 71 C. 112.75 D. 80.05
Solution:
2 2
2 =( )


=
.
1,500 /0.71 2
=( )
1,180 100
2 1,500
( ) = 1002 ( )
0.71 1,180
1,500
= (0.71)2 (100)2 ( )
1,180

= .

13. Given a 10-kVA transformer with full-load losses amounting to 70 Watts in the iron
and 140 Watts in the copper. Calculate the efficiency at half-load unity power factor.
A. 98.62% B. 97.97% C. 97.28% D. 97.94%
Solution:
2
=( )

140(52 )
=
102
= 35
5,000
= 100% = 100%
+ + 5,000+35

= . %

REE April 2004

14. Instrument transformers are used in indicating and metering and with protective
devices, they are used for .
A. measuring B. detecting C. relaying D. sensing

REE September 2003

15. What type of transformer bank is used to convert 2-phase to 3-phase power?
A. open-delta B. scott-T C. wye-delta D. delta-wye
16. A 100-kVA 2, 400/240-Volt 60 cycle transformer has the following constants: =
0.42 , = 0.72 ; = 0.0038 , = 0.0068 . What is the equivalent
impedance in primary terms?
A. 0.016 B. 1.612 C. 0.161 D. 16.12
Solution:
= ( + 2 ) + ( + 2 )
2,400
= =
240
= 10
= (0.42) + (102 )(0.0038) + (0.72) + (10)2 (0.0068)
= 0.8 + 1.4 = 1.6160.26
| | = .

17. Calculate the all-day efficiency of a 100-kVA transformer operating under the
following conditions: 6 hours on a load of 50 kW at 0.73 power factor; 3 hours on a
load of 90 kW at 0.82 power factor; 15 hours with no load on secondary. The iron
loss is 1, 000 Watts and the full-load copper loss is 1, 060 Watts.
A. 96.31% B. 94.87% C. 95.33% D. 95.29%
Solution:
= (50, 000)(6) + (90, 000)(3) + (0)(15)
= 570
= (1, 000)(24)
= 24
1 2
= ( 1 )

50/0.73 2
1 = 1, 060 ( )
100
1 = 497.279
90/0.82 2
2 = 1, 060 ( )
100
2 = 1, 276.919
3 = 0
= 1 (6) + 2 (3) + 3 (15)
= (487.279)(6) + (1, 276.919)(3) + (0)(15)
= 6.814
570
= 100% = 100%
++ 570+24+6.814
 = . %
REE September 2005
18. A 50-kVA, single-phase transformer has 96% efficiency when it operates at full-load
unity power factor for 8 hours per day. What is the all-day efficiency of the
transformer if the copper loss is 60% of full-load losses?
A. 92% B. 90% C. 89.5% D. 93%
Solution:
50
0.96 =
50+
50
= 50
0.96
= 2.083
= (0.6)(2, 083)
= 1, 249.8
= + = 2, 083 1, 249.8
= 833.2
= (50 )(1.0)(8)
= 400
= (833.2)(24)
= 19.997
= (1, 249.8)(8)
= 9.998
400
= 100%
400+19.997+9.998
= . %

Asst. EE October 1991

19. A 10 kVA, 2, 400/240 V, single-phase transformer has the following resistances and
leakage reactances;
= 3 = 0.03
= 15 = 0.15
Find the primary voltage required to produce 240 V at the secondary terminals at
full-load, when the load power factor is 0.8 lagging.
A. 2, 400 V B. 2, 496.5 V C. 2, 348 V D. 2, 445.5 V
Solution:
2,400
=
240
= 10
 = 10(240)
= 2, 400
10,000 1 (0.8)
=
2,400
= 4.17 36.87
= [3 + (10)2 (0.03)] + [15 + (10)2 (0.15)]
= 6 + 30
= +
= (4.17 36.87)(6 + 30 ) + 2, 400
= 2, 496.526 1.95
| | = , .

20. A 500 kVA, single-phase, 13, 200/2, 400 Volts transformer has 4% reactance and
1% resistance. The leakage reactance and resistance of the high voltage (primary)
winding are 6.34 and 1.83 , respectively. The core loss under rated condition is
1, 800 Watts. Calculate the leakage reactance and resistance of the low voltage
(secondary) winding.
A. 7.56 and 1.66 B. 13.69 and 3.42
C. 0.25 and 0.055 D. 13.9 and 3.48
Solution:
( )2 (13,200)2
= =
500,000
= 348.48
= = (0.01)(348.48)
= 3.4848
= = (0.04)(348.48)
= 13.9392

= + 2
13,200
=
2,400
= 5.5
3.48481.83
= =
2 5.52
= .
= + 2
 13.93926.34
= =
2 5.52
= .

21. In Problem No.20, calculate the %V.R and efficiency of the transformer at full-load,
0.85 p.f. lagging and 2, 400 Volts.
A. 4% and 97.8% B. 6% and 95.4% C. 5% and 96.8% D. 3% and 98.4%
Solution:
1.83
=
2 5.52

= 0.0605
2
6.34
=
2 5.52

= 0.21
2
1
= (0.85)
= 31.79
500,000 31.79
=
2,400
= 208.33 31.79

= ( + ) + ( + ) = (0.0605 + 0.055) + (0.21 + 0.25)
2 2
= 0.1155 + 0.46
= +
= (208.33 31.79)(0.1155 + 0.46) + 2, 400
= 2, 471.89 1.6
2,471.892,400
% = 100
2,400
% = %
= (500 )(0.85)
= 425
= 1, 800
= 2 = (208.33)2 (0.1155)
= 5, 012.86
425,000
= 100
425,000+1,800+5,012.86
= %
22. An 11, 000/230 V, 150 kVA, single-phase, 50 Hz transformer has a core loss of 1.4
kW and a full-load copper loss of 1.6 kW. What is the value of maximum efficiency at
unity p.f?
A. 98.17% B. 98.04% C. 97.22% D. 97.64%
Solution:
=
= 1, 400
2
=( )

1,400
= (1502 ) ( )
1,600

= 140.31
= (. ) = (140.31)(1.0)
= 140.13
140.13
= 100
140.13+2(1.4)
= . %

23. A 300-kVA, single-phase transformer is designed to have a resistance of 1.5% and

maximum efficiency occurs at a load of 173.2 kVA. Find its efficiency when
supplying full-load at 0.8 p.f. lagging at normal voltage and frequency.
A. 97.56% B. 96.38% C. 98.76% D. 95.89%
Solution:

. =

= . = (0.015)(300, 000)
= 4, 500
173.2 2
=( )
4,500 300
= 1, 499.91
=
300(0.8)
= 100 = (300)(0.8)+1.5+4.5 100
+ +

= . %
REE September 2002
24. A 20 kV/7.87 kV autotransformer has 200 A current in the common winding. What
is the secondary line current?
A. 143.52 B. 200 C. 56.48 D. 329
Solution:

=1

20,000
=
7,870
= 2.54
200
= 2.54 1

= 129.76
= + = 129.76 + 200
= .

25. An autotransformer is adjusted for an output voltage of 85.3 Volts when operated
from a 117 Volts line. The variable power load draws 3.63 kW at unity power factor
at this setting. Determine the transformed power and the connected power from the
source to the load.
A. 980 Watts and 2, 650 Watts B. 1, 343 Watts and 2, 287 Watts
C. 1, 815 Watts and 1, 815 Watts D. 1, 210 Watts and 2, 420 Watts
Solution:
117
=
85.3
= 1.37
1 1
= (1 ) = (3, 630) (1 )
1.37
= .
3,630
= =
1.37
= , .

REE April 2006

26. What would happen if you connect a transformer to a dc circuit with a voltage of
20% of nameplate ratings after a steady state condition is reached?
A. No voltage is registered at the secondary
B. Rated no-load current flows to the secondary
C. primary current is equal to voltage over equivalent primary impedance
D. Voltage is established at secondary
27. A short-circuit test was performed upon a 10 kVA, 2, 300/230-Volt transformer
with the following results: = 137 ; = 192 ; = 4.34 .
Calculate in secondary terms the transformer equivalent.
A. 29.88 B. 2.988 C. 0.2988 D. 298.8
Solution:
192
= =
2 4.34 2
= 10.19
137
= =
4.34
= 31.57
= 2 2 = 31.572 10.192
= .

REE April 2007

28. A transformer is rated 500 kVA, 4, 800/480 V, 60 Hz when it is operated as a
conventional two winding transformer. This transformer is to be used as a
5280/4800 V stepdown autotransformer in a power distribution system. In the
autotransformer, what is the transformer rating when used in this manner?
A. 5 MVA B. 6 MVA C. 5.5 MVA D. 6.5 MVA
Solution:
500,000
= =
4,800

= 104.17
500,000
= =
4,80
= 1, 041.7
=
= 1, 041.7
= = (5, 280)(1, 041.7)
= .

REE September 2008

29. Two identical transformers bank on open delta serve a balanced three-phase load of
26 kVA at 240 V, 60 Hz. What is the minimum size of each in kVA needed to serve
this load?
A. 25 B. 10 C. 30 D. 15
Solution:
26,000
= (3)
=
3

=
30. Two single-phase, 100 kVA transformers are connected in V (open delta) bank
supplying a balanced three-phase load. If the balanced three-phase load is 135 kW
at 0.82 p.f lagging and 0.823 efficiency, determine the overload kVA on each
transformer.
A. 10.5 B. 5.5 C. 15.5 D. 20.5
Solution:
135,000
= =
. 0.82
= 164.634

=

135
=
0.823
= 164.034
164.034
= =
. 0.82
= 200.041
200.041
= =
3 3
= 115.494
= 100
. = = 115.494 100
. = .

31. In problem No. 30, determine the p.f of each transformer secondary.
A. 0.820 lagging and 0.820 lagging B. 0.996 lagging and 0.424 leading
C. 0.996 lagging and 0.424 lagging D. 0.410 lagging and 0.410 lagging
Solution:
= 1 (0.82)
= 34.92
. 1 = (30 + ) = (30 + 34.92)
. = .
. 2 = (30 ) = (30 34.92)
. = .

REE April 2005

32. What is the normal secondary circuit current of a current transformer?
A. 15 A B. 20 A C. 5 A D. 10 A
33. In Problem No.30, what is the minimum size in kVAR of a capacitor bank to be
connected across the load so that each transformer is loaded 96% of its rated
capacity?
A. 87 kVAR B. 114 kVAR C. 27 kVAR D. 66 kVAR
Solution:
= (0.96)( ) = (0.96)(100)
= 96
= 164.034
= 200.041
= 2 2 = (200.041)2 (164.034)2
= 114.5
= (96 )(3)
= 166.277
= 2 + 2
2

= 2 2 = (166.277)2 (164.034)2
= .

34. A polarity test is performed upon a 1, 150/115 V transformer. If the input voltage is
116, calculate the voltmeter reading if the polarity is subtractive.
A. 127.6 V B. 106 V C. 126 V D. 104.4 V
Solution:

1,150
= 115
= 10
116
= 116 10
= .

35. A 20:1 potential transformer is used with a 150-V voltmeter. If the instrument
deflection is 118 Volts, calculate the line voltage.
A. 3, 000 V B. 2, 850 V C. 2, 360 V D. 2, 242 V
Solution:

=

20
=
1 118
= ,
REE September 2010
36. A three-phase wye-delta connected, 50 MVA, 345/34.5 kV transformer is protected
by differential protection. The current transformer on the high side for differential
protection is 150:5. What is the current on the secondary side of CTs?
A. 3.83 A B. 2.53 A C. 4.50 A D. 4.83 A
Solution:
50,000,000
= = 345,000
3 3( )
3

= 83.67

=
= = 83.67


= =

150 83.67
=
5

(83.67)(5)
=
150
= 2.789

= 3 (2.789)
= .

REE October 2000

37. The CT ratio and PT ratio used to protect a line are 240 and 2,000, respectively. If
the impedance of each line is 10 , what is the relay impedance to protect the line
from fault?
A. 83.33 ohms B. 1.2 ohms C. 48, 000 ohms D. 12 ohms
Solution:
2,000
= =
240
= 8.33

=

10
=
8.33
= .
38. Two transformers 1 and 2 are connected in parallel supplying a common load of 120
kVA. Transformer 1 is rated 50 kVA, 7, 620/240-V single-phase and has an
equivalent impedance of 8.5 while transformer 2 is rated 75 kVA, 7, 620/240-V
single-phase and has an equivalent impedance of 5.1 . The two transformers
operate with the same power factors. What is the kVA load of each transformer?
A. 48 & 72 B. 45 & 75 C. 42 & 78 D. 40 & 80
Solution:
1 2
=
2 1
8.5 2
=
5.1 1
2 = 1.671 1
= 1 + 2 2
1 2
120 = 1 + 1.671
= .
2 = 1.67(44.94)
= .

39. Two single-phase transformers are connected in parallel at no-load. One has a turns
ratio of 5, 000/440 and rating of 200 kVA, the other has a ratio of 5, 000/480 and
rating of 350 kVA the leakage reactance of each is 3.5%. The no-load circulating
current is .
A. 207 A B. 702 A C. 720 A D. 270 A
Solution:
2
(1 ) (440)2
1 = =
1 200,000

1 = 0.968
2
(2 ) (480)2
2 = =
2 350,000

2 = 0.658
1 = 1 = (0.035)(0.968)
= .
2 = 2 = (0.035)(0.658)
= .
REE October 1997
40. A power transformer rated 50, 000 kVA, 34.5/13.8 kV is connected Y-grounded
primary and delta on the secondary. Determine the full load phase current at the
secondary side.
A. 2, 092 A B. 1, 725 A C. 1, 449 A D. 1, 208 A
Solution:
= 3
50,000,000
=
(34,500)(3)

= 836.74
=

=

(34,500)(836.74)
= 13,800 (3)
= , .
:
50,000,000
= (
3) (13,800)
= 2, 091.849
2,091.849
= =
3 3
= , .

REE April 2006

41. A 2, 000 kW, 2, 400-V, 75% p.f load is to be supplied from a 34, 5000-V, 3-phase line
through a single bank of transformers. Give the primary and secondary line currents
in amperes for the wye-wye connections.
A. 50/700 B. 48/650 C. 60/800 D. 45/642
Solution:

2
1 (0.75)
0.75
= [ ]
3 (34,500)

= 44.62644.41
= .
2
1 (0.75)
0.75
= [ ]
3 (2,400)

= 641.544.41
= .
REE April 2005
42. A 3, 000 kVA, 2, 400 V, 75% power factor load is to be supplied from a 34, 500-V,
three-phase line through a single bank of transformers. What is the voltage rating of
each transformer if the connection is wye-wye?
A. 20, 000/1, 380 B. 18, 500/1, 350 C. 18, 000/1, 850 D. 19, 000/1, 350
Solution:
34,500
=
3
= , .
2,400
=
3
= , .

REE March 1998

43. A 13.8 kV/480 V, 10 MVA three-phase transformer has 5% impedance. What is the
impedance in ohms referred to the primary?
A. 0.952 ohm B. 0.03 ohm C. 5.125 ohm D. 9.01 ohm
Solution:

=

( )2 (13,800)2
= =
10,000,000
= 19.044
= = (0.05)(19.044)
= .

REE May 2009

44. A three-phase transformer is rated 15 MVA, 69/13.2 kV has a series impedance of
5%. What is the new per unit impedance if the system study requires a 100 MVA
base and 67 kV base?
A. 0.354 B. 0.347 C. 0.372 D. 0.333
Solution
2
= ( ) ( )

100 69 2
= (0.05) ( )( )
15 67
= .

REE April 2004
45. A transformer rated 2, 000 kVA, 34, 500/240 volts has 5.75% impedance. What is
the per unit impedance?
A. 0.0635 B. 0.0656 C. 0.0575 D. 34.2
Solution:
= 57.5%
= 0.0575

46. Three 5:1 transformers are connected in delta-wye to step up the voltage at the
beginning of a 13, 200-Volt three-phase transmission line. Calculate the line voltage
on the high side of the transformers.
A. 114, 300 V B. 66, 000 V C. 132, 000 V D. 198, 000 V
Solution:
5 2 2
= =
1 1 13,200

2 =
2 = (5)(13, 200)
2 = 66, 000
= 3 2 = 3 (66, 000)
= , .

47. A 150 kVA, 2, 400/480-V, three-phase transformer with an equivalent impedance of

4%is connected to an infinite bus and without load. If a three-phase fault occurs at
the secondary terminals, the fault current in amperes is .
A. 4, 512 A B. 3, 908 A C. 7, 815 A D. 1, 504 A
Solution:
3

3 =
3
150,000
3 =
3 (480)(0.04)
= , .
48. Transformer 1 is in parallel with Transformer 2
Transformer 1 Transformer 2
150 kVA, single-phase 300 kVA, single-phase
6, 600/240 V 6, 600/240 V
1 = 0.0242562.9 2 = 0.0106762.9
Determine the maximum kVA load the bank can carry without overloading any of
the two transformers, assuming that the two transformers operate at the same
power factors.
A. 450 kVA B. 432 kVA C. 420 kVA D. 412 kVA
Solution:
1 + 2 =
:
1 @ 150
1 2
=
2 1
1 0.0242562.9
=
2 0.0106762.9
1
= 2.273
2
2
2.273 =
1
2 = 2.273 (150, 000)
2 = 340.95
2
:
2 @ 300
300,000
1 =
2.273
1 = 131.984
= 1 + 2 = (131.984) + (300)
= .