The Roles of Mindfulness

Tailoring Mindfulness Implicit

Practicing Therapist
Fitting the Practice to the
Person Mindfulness Informed
Psychotherapy

Ronald Siegel, Psy.D. Mindfulness Based

Psychotherapy

Explicit

A Transtheoretical
Mechanism?
How it Works

Might mindfulness be an element in all

Mindfulness Informed effective treatments?
Psychotherapy
Can deliberately cultivating mindfulness
make all treatment more effective?

Overwhelmed?

Intensity of Capacity to
Fly
experience bear experience

1
 The Thinking Disease

Analyze past
pleasure and pain

Maximize future
pleasure and avoid
future pain

Insight Into Selfing

Two Wings

Jungs Shadow &

Therapeutic Progress
The Separate Self
Not about me Not about me

Identifying with only

some mental contents mine
about me
mine
about me
Creates dissociated
Shadow about
me

-- Adapted from Engler & Fulton

2
 Interbeing Condon, Desbordes, &
Miller (2013)

Fitting the Practice to the

Person

Mindfulness-Based
Psychotherapy

Decisions, Decisions Core Practice Skills

1. Which skills to emphasize?
2. Formal or informal practice? 1. Concentration (focused attention)
3. Which objects of attention?
4. Religious or secular practices? 2. Mindfulness per se (open monitoring)
5. Narrative or experiencing mode?
6. Relative or absolute truth? 3. Acceptance and Compassion
7. Turning toward safety or sharp points?

3
Concentration vs. Mindfulness Acceptance

Concentration

Choose an object
and follow it closely

Mindfulness

Attend to whatever
object rises to
forefront of
consciousness

Loving-kindness Practice Self-Compassionate Letter

Metta practices Describe something that makes you feel

May I be happy, badly about yourself
peaceful, free
from suffering Think of loving, accepting, imaginary

May my loved
friend
ones be happy. . . Write a letter to yourself from your

May all beings be friends perspective
happy. . .
---Kristin Neff

Continuum of Practice Telephone Meditation

Informal Mindfulness Practice

Formal Meditation Practice

Intensive Retreat Practice

4
 Taillight Meditation Shower Meditation

Formal Practice
(Results May Vary) Intensive Retreat Practice

Data supports
effects of formal
meditation

Structural and
functional brain
changes.

Objects of Attention Religious or Secular?

Coarse
Spiritual practices
Feet touching ground

Devotional and theistic
Sights and sounds of nature
Taste of food
Sound of bell
Secular practices

Science grounded
Breath in belly
Mantra
Air at tip of nose Seek cultural consonance
Subtle

5
 Narrative Mode Experiencing Mode
Psychodynamic How is it felt in the body?

Earlier, transference, other relationships How does the mind respond?
Behavioral
Grasping

How learned, how reinforced
Pushing away
Systemic
Ignoring

Maintained by family, community, culture

Relative Truth Absolute Truth

Human story

Success & Failure

Pleasure & Pain Anicca
(impermanence)

Longing
Dukkha

Hurt
(unsatisfactoriness)

Anger
Anatta (no enduring,

Envy separate self)

Joy

Pride

Processing Trauma
1. Open to painful
emotions
Timing is Everything
2. Explore the facts of
trauma

3. See it through lens of

dependent origination

4. Develop compassion

6
 Turning toward Safety I Turning toward Safety II

Inner focus
Outer or distal focus

Mountain Meditation

Walking Meditation

Guided Imagery

Listening Meditation

Metta Practice

Nature Meditation

DBT techniques

Eating Meditation

Open eye practices

Turning Toward the Sharp

Different Strokes
Points
Moving toward anything
Need for frequent adjustment of
unwanted or avoided exercises

How is it experienced in
the body? Elicit feedback about the experience

Pain, fear, sadness,
Both during and after practice
anger

Unwanted images or
memories Titrate between Safety and Sharp

Urges toward
compulsive behaviors Points

When Mindfulness of Inner Alternate Techniques when

Experience Can Be Harmful Overwhelmed
When overwhelmed
by traumatic Eyes open,
memories external sensory
When terrified of
focus
disintegration, loss
of sense of self Ground, trees,
When suffering from sky, wind, sounds
psychosis

7
 Decisions, Decisions
For meditations & other resources:
1. Which skills to emphasize?
www.mindfulness-solution.com
2. Formal or informal practice?
3. Which objects of attention?
4. Religious or secular practices?
email:
5. Narrative or experiencing mode? [email protected]
6. Relative or absolute truth?
7. Turning toward safety or sharp points?

8
 Clinician Resources

Please visit www.meditationandpsychotherapy.org , www.mindfulness-solution.com, and

www.sittingtogether.com for updated listings.

Mindfulness-Oriented Psychotherapy

Books

Baer, R. (Ed.) (2006). Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: Clinicians guide to evidence

base and applications. Burlington, MA: Academic Press.

Bien, T. (2006). Mindful therapy: A guide for therapists and helping professionals. Boston, MA:
Wisdom.

Bowen, S., Chawla, N., & Marlatt, G. A. (2011). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for
addictive behaviors. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Eifert, G. & Forsyth, J. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders.
Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.

Epstein, M. (1995). Thoughts without a thinker: Psychotherapy from a Buddhist perspective.

New York: Basic Books.

Germer, C. K., Siegel, R. D. , & Fulton, P. R. (Eds.) (2013). Mindfulness and psychotherapy, 2nd
Edition. New York: Guilford Press.

Germer, C., Siegel, R. D. (Eds.) (2012) Wisdom and Compassion in Psychotherapy: Deepening
Mindfulness in Clinical Practice. New York: Guilford Press.

Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy.

London: Routledge.

Gilbert, P. (2009). The compassionate mind: A New approach to lifes challenges. Oakland, CA:
New Harbinger Press.

Goleman, D. & Dalai Lama. (2003) Destructive emotions: How can we overcome them? New
York: Bantam Dell.

Hayes, S., Smith, S. (2005). Get out of your mind and into your life: The new acceptance and
commitment therapy. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

Hayes, S. C., Follette, V. M., & Linehan, M. (2011). Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding
the cognitive-behavioral tradition. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Hayes, S., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. New York:
Guilford Press.

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living. New York: Delacorte Press

Kramer, G. (2007). Insight dialogue: The interpersonal path to freedom. Boston, MA:
Shambhala.

Kurtz, R. (1990). Body-centered psychotherapy: The Hakomi method. Mendocino, CA:

LifeRhythm.

Kwee, M., Gergen, K., & Koshikawa (Eds.) (2007). Horizons in Buddhist psychology. Chagrin
Falls, Ohio: Taos Institute Publications.

Langan, R. (2006). Minding what matters: Psychotherapy and the Buddha within. Boston:
Wisdom Publications.

Linehan, M. M. (1993). Skills training manual for treating borderline personality disorder. New
York: Guilford Press.

Magid, B. (2002). Ordinary mind: Exploring the common ground of Zen and psychotherapy.
Boston: Wisdom Publications.

Marra, T. (2005). Dialectical behavior therapy in private practice: A practical and

comprehensive guide. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

McQuaid, J., & Carmona, P. (2004). Peaceful mind: using mindfulness and cognitive behavioral
psychology to overcome depression. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

Miller, A., Rathus, J., & Linehan, M. (2007). Dialectical Behavior Therapy with suicidal
adolescents. New York: The Guilford Press.

Mruk, C. & Hartzell, J. (2003). Zen and psychotherapy: Integrating traditional and
nontraditional approaches. New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Orsillo, S & Roemer, L (Eds.) (2005). Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Approaches to

Anxiety: Conceptualization and Treatment. New York: Springer.

Orsillo, S. M. & Roemer, L., (2011). The mindful way through anxiety. New York, NY:
Guilford.

Pollak, S. M., Pedulla, T., & Siegel, R. D., (2014). Sitting Together: Essential Skills for
Mindfulness-Based Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Guilford.

Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2009). Mindfulness and acceptance-based behavioral therapies in
practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Safran, J. E. (2003). Psychoanalysis and Buddhism. Boston: Wisdom Publications.

Schwartz, J. (1996). Brain lock. New York: Regan Books.

Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Teasdale, J. D. (2012). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for
depression, (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Shapiro, S. L., & Carlson, L.E. (2009). The art and science of mindfulness: Integrating
mindfulness into psychology and the helping professions. Washington, D.C: American
Psychological Association.

Siegel, D. (2007). The mindful brain. New York: W.W. Norton.

Siegel, R. D., Urdang, M., & Johnson, D. (2001). Back sense: A revolutionary approach to
halting the cycle of back pain. New York: Broadway Books.

Stern, D. (2004) The present moment in psychotherapy and everyday life. NY: W. W. Norton.

Unno, M. (Ed.) (2006). Buddhism and psychotherapy across cultures. Boston: Wisdom
Publications.

Websites

Institute for Meditation and Psychotherapy: www.meditationandpsychotherapy.org

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: www.umassmed.edu/cfm

Dialectical Behavior Therapy: www.behavioraltech.com

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy:www.acceptanceandcommitmenttherapy.com

Mindfulness and Acceptance Special Interest Group of the Association for the Advancement of
Behavior Therapy: listserv.kent.edu/archives/mindfulness/html

Self-Compassion Resources: www.self-compassion.org

The Back Sense program for treating chronic back pain: www.backsense.org
 Mindfulness Practice Resources

(Adapted and updated from The Mindfulness Solution: Everyday Practices for Everyday
Problems, by Ronald D. Siegel, Guilford Press, 2010).

Please visit www.mindfulness-solution.com and www.sittingtogether.com for updated listings.

Mindfulness Practice
Books

Aronson, H. (2004). Buddhist practice on Western ground: Reconciling Eastern ideals and
Western psychology. Boston: Shambhala Publications.

Bays, J. C. (2011). How to train a wild elephant & other adventures in mindfulness. Boston:
Shambala Publications.

Beck, C, (1989). Everyday Zen: Love and work. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco.

Brach, T. (2003). Radical acceptance: Embracing your life with the heart of a Buddha. New
York: Bantam Dell.

Brach, T. (2012). True refuge: Finding peace and freedom in our own awakened heart. New
York: Bantam Books.

Chodron, P. (2001). The wisdom of no escape and the path of loving-kindness. Boston:
Shambhala Publications.

Chodron, P. (2009). Taking the leap: Freeing ourselves from old habits and fears. Boston, MA:
Shambhala.

Dalai Lama & Cutler, H. (1998). The art of happiness: A handbook for living. New York:
Riverhead.

Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: freeing yourself from destructive
thoughts and emotions. New York: Guilford.

Goldstein, J. (1993). Insight meditation: The practice of freedom. Boston: Shambhala

Publications.

Goldstein, J., & Kornfield, J. (1987). Seeking the heart of wisdom. Boston: Shambhala
Publications.

Goleman, D. (2003). Destructive emotions: How can we overcome them? New York: Bantam
Dell.

Gunaratana, B. (2002). Mindfulness in plain English. Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications.

Hanh, T. N. (1975/1987). The miracle of mindfulness. Boston: Beacon Press.

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life.
New York: Hyperion.

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Coming to our senses: Healing ourselves and the world through
mindfulness. New York: Hyperion.

Kornfield, J. (1993). A path with heart: A guide through the perils and promises of spiritual life.
New York: Bantam.

Kornfield, J. (2008). The wise heart: A guide to the universal teachings of Buddhist psychology.
New York, NY: Bantam.

Kornfield, J. (2011). Bringing home the dharma: Awakening right where you are. Boston, MA:
Shambhala.

Lama Surya Das (1997). Awakening the Buddha within: Tibetan wisdom for the Western world.
New York: Broadway.

Rosenberg, L. (1998). Breath by breath: The liberating practice of insight meditation. Boston:
Shambhala Publications.

Salzberg, S. (1995). Lovingkindness: The revolutionary art of happiness. Boston: Shambhala

Publications.

Salzberg, S. (2011). Real happiness: The power of meditation. New York, NY: Workman.

Siegel, R. D. (2010). The mindfulness solution: Everyday practices for everyday problems. New
York: Guilford.

Trungpa, C. (2005). Training the mind and cultivating loving-kindness. Boston: Shambhala
Publications.

Weiss, A. (2004). Beginning mindfulness: Learning the way of awareness. Novato, CA: New
World Library.

Recordings

Meditations from The Mindfulness Solution: Everyday Practices for Everyday Problems:
www.mindfulness-solution.com

Meditations from Sitting Together: Essential Skills for Mindfulness-Based Psychotherapy:

www.sittingtogether.com
Meditation Training Centers

Secular

Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Healthcare, and Society, University of Massachusetts

Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655.
http://www.umassmed.edu/cfm/mbsr/

Vipassana

Barre Center for Buddhist Studies, 149 Lockwood Road, Barre, MA 01005
http://www.dharma.org

Insight Meditation Society, 1230 Pleasant St., Barre, MA 01005

http://www.dharma.org

Insight LA, 2633 Lincoln Blvd, #206, Santa Monica, CA 90405

http://www.insightla.org

New York Insight, P.O. Box 1790, Murray Hill Station, New York, NY 10156.
http://www.nyimc.org

Spirit Rock Meditation Center, P.O. Box 909, Woodacre, CA 94973

http://www.spiritrock.org

Tibetan

Naropa University, 2130 Arapahoe Ave Boulder, CO 80302

http://www.naropa.edu

Shambala Mountain Center, 4921 County Road 68-C, Red Feather Lakes, CO 80545
http://www.shambhalamountain.org

Zen

San Francisco Zen Center, 300 Page Street, San Francisco, CA 94102
http://www.sfzc.com

Zen Center of Los Angeles

http://www.zcla.org

Zen Mountain Monastery, P.O.Box 197, Mt. Tremper, NY 12457

http://www.mro.org/zmm/zmmhome/
Buddhist Psychology
Books

Batchelor, S. (1997). Buddhism without beliefs. New York: Riverhead Books.

Bhikkhu Bodhi (Ed.). (1999). A comprehensive manual of Abhidhamma. Seattle, WA: Buddhist
Publication Society.

Fleischman, P. (1999). Karma and chaos: New and collected essays on vipassana meditation.
Seattle: Vipassana Publications.

Johansson, R. (1979). The dynamic psychology of early Buddhism. New York: Humanities Press.

Kalupahana, D. (1987). The principles of Buddhist psychology. Albany: SUNY Press.

Nyanaponika Thera. (1965/1996). The heart of Buddhist meditation. Boston: Weiser Books.

Rahula, W. (1986) What the Buddha taught. New York: Grove Press.

Websites

Buddhist information and education: www.buddhanet.net

Buddhism and science: www.mindandlife.org

Audiovisual materials of all kinds: www.soundstrue.com

Mindfulness teacher talks: www.dharmaseed.org

Buddhist journal (USA): www.tricycle.com

Journal for mindfulness practitioners: www.inquiringmind.com

Mindfulness and self compassion: http://www.mindfulselfcompassion.org

 About the Presenter

Dr. Ronald D. Siegel is an Assistant Professor of Psychology Part Time at Harvard Medical
School, where he has taught for over 30 years. He is a long time student of mindfulness
meditation and serves on the Board of Directors and faculty of the Institute for Meditation and
Psychotherapy. He teaches internationally about mindfulness and psychotherapy and mind/body
treatment, has worked for many years in community mental health with inner city children and
families, and maintains a private clinical practice in Lincoln, Massachusetts.

Dr. Siegel is coauthor of the self-treatment guide Back Sense: A Revolutionary Approach to
Halting the Cycle of Chronic Back Pain, which integrates Western and Eastern approaches for
treating chronic back pain; coeditor of the critically acclaimed text, Mindfulness and
Psychotherapy, 2nd Edition; author of the guide for general audiences, The Mindfulness Solution:
Everyday Practices for Everyday Problems; coeditor of Wisdom and Compassion in
Psychotherapy: Deepening Mindfulness in Clinical Practice with a foreword by His Holiness the
Dali Lama; and coauthor of the new skills manual, Sitting Together: Essential Skills for
Mindfulness-Based Psychotherapy. He is also a regular contributor to other professional
publications, and is co-director of the annual Harvard Medical School Conference on Meditation
and Psychotherapy.

Ronald D. Siegel, Psy.D.

20 Long Meadow Road
Lincoln, MA 01773
781-259-3434

[email protected]

For recordings of mindfulness practice instructions, including meditations for working with
anxiety, depression, relationship issues, addictions, and other difficulties, please visit
www.mindfulness-solution.com

For additional recorded meditations, and patient handouts, please visit

www.sittingtogether.com

For information about mindfulness and psychotherapy programs, please visit

www.meditationandpsychotherapy.org

For information about the Back Sense program for treating chronic back pain, please visit
www.backsense.org