CHAPTER

7 SUBSTANTIVE TESTS
OF CASH
7-1. The quoted statement is not accurate. In their work on cash, auditors are primarily
concerned with the risk of an overstatement of the cash balance. The listing of a
non-existent or fictitious check on the outstanding list would have the effect of
understating the clients cash position, because too large an amount for
outstanding checks would be deducted from the balance per bank, resulting in
understatement of the adjusted balance.

The other element of the quoted statement relating to the auditors concern over
the possible omission of a deposit in transit is also in error. To omit a deposit in
transit would cause an understatement of the year-end cash balance.

If the quoted statement were revised into acceptable form, it would read along the
following lines: When auditors are verifying a clients bank reconciliation, they
are particularly concerned with the possibility that an outstanding check may be
omitted or that a non-existent deposit in transit may be included.

7-2. There is no assurance that the lapping activities of the cashier will be discovered
during the annual audit. Since no shortage exists as of the balance sheet date, the
only procedure which might disclose the irregularities would be a comparison of
the individual checks listed on duplicate deposit tickets with the credits to
customers accounts. Since a test of this nature would probably not be made for
more than a small sample of control listings it is likely that the borrowing and
subsequent restoration of borrowed funds might go undetected.

7-3. (a) Lapping is a defalcation in which a cash shortage is concealed by delaying

the crediting of cash receipts to the proper accounts receivable. The first step
in the fraud is to withhold from a bank deposit cash remitted by a customer.
A few days later, because the customer must receive credit for his remittance,
the first customers account is credited with an amount from a remittance
made by a second customer. The process requires the continuous shifting of
shortages from account to account and the crediting of subsequent receipts to
the wrong account receivable.

(b) The following audit procedures would be used to uncover lapping:

(1) Compare the detail of mailroom control listings (if prepared) to entries in
the cash receipts journal, postings to the accounts receivable subsidiary
ledger, and the detail of authenticated duplicate deposit slips. This
7-2 Solutions Manual to Accompany Applied Auditing, 2006 Edition

procedure should indicate any delay in journalizing, posting, and/or

depositing incoming cash receipts.
(2) If control listings are not prepared, compare the remittance advices
received with customers checks to the cash journal entries, postings to
accounts receivable, and deposit slips. If the client stamps remittance
advices with the date received, particular attention should be given to
comparing this date with the date of the related journal entry and posting.
(3) Confirm accounts receivable and give close attention to exceptions made
by customers about payment dates. The confirmation procedure is better
applied as a surprise at an interim date so that a person engaged in
lapping will not have been able to bring the lapped accounts up to date.
If the confirmations are always prepared at year-end, the confirmation
procedure may be anticipated by the person doing the lapping and the
shortage given a different form such as kiting of checks. (Confirmation
of accounts receivables has not been discussed in this chapter, but some
students may be familiar enough with this procedure to include it in their
answer.)

7-4. West, Inc.

The outstanding checks said by the controller to have been distributed after
December 31 should be reversed to the extent that they were actually distributed
after that date. An actual overdraft should be revealed and not eliminated by
improper journal entries. The primary purpose of the reversal is to properly cut
off the cash and show the proper cash balance. Showing the correct cash balance
eliminates window dressing; recorded but undistributed checks would distort
the current ratio by reducing both cash and accounts payable.

7-5. Cavite Company

Requirement (a) Adjusting Journal Entries - 12.31.05

AJE (1) Gas and oil 320

Supplies expense 260
Delivery expense 320
Repairs and maintenance 600
Advances to employees 400
Petty cash fund 1,900

(2) Advances to employees 200

Petty cash fund 200

(3) Accounts receivable - cashier 100

Petty cash fund 100
 Substantive Tests of Cash 7-3
Shortage in PCF determined as follows:
Accounting:
Currency P 1,200
Coins 200
Check 1,400
Unreplenished vouchers 1,900
NSF check 200
Total 4,900
PCF per ledger 5,000
Shortage P (100)

(4) Cash in bank 450

Salaries payable 450

Requirement (b)

Cavite Company
Petty Cash Fund
12.31.05

Balance per ledger P 5,000

Add (Deduct) adjustments
AJE (1) ( 1,900)
(2) ( 200)
(3) ( 100)
Net adjustment ( 2,200)
Balance as adjusted P 2,800

7-6. Pampanga Company

Requirement (a)
Proper composition of the Fund, 11/10/06
Currency and coins P 2,200
Cashed checks 500
Vouchers 740
NSF checks 260
Total P 3,700
Less: Petty cash receipt vouchers
Return of expense advance P 200
Sale of money orders 100 300
Balance of Fund per count P 3,400
Balance of Fund per records 5,000
Shortage (P 1,600)
7-4 Solutions Manual to Accompany Applied Auditing, 2006 Edition

The cashier attempted to conceal the shortage by:

1) Adding instead of deducting the cash received thereby

overstating the accounting of the fund by P 600
2) Submitting blank money orders claimed to have been purchased 600
3) Submitting additional vouchers claimed to have been misplaced 400
Total P 1,600

Requirement (b)

Audit Procedures
a. Cashed checks
1. Examine checks as to payee, date, endorsements and subsequent
deposit.
2. Determine if checks were cashed with prior approval of a responsible
official.
b. Vouchers not yet replenished
1. Vouch supporting documents, invoices, etc.
2. Examine vouchers as to approval by authorized officials, signature of
payee, etc.
c. NSF checks
1. Determine reason why NSF checks are still on hand.
2. Confirm directly with drawers.
d. Return of excess travel advance
1. Examine liquidation of travel advance as reported and determine
accuracy of the amount returned.
2. Vouch supporting invoices.
e. Sale of money orders
1. Examine latest report of the Pampanga Co. to establish proper
accountability.
2. Confirm directly with the Pampanga Co. all unreported money orders
sold as well as unissued as of November 10.
f. Vouchers subsequently presented
1. Examine vouchers as to date, approval, amount and nature of
expenditures.
2. Confirm directly with employees those items representing wage
advance.
g. Book balance of the Petty Cash Fund.
1. Trace to the general ledger the balance of the fund.
 Substantive Tests of Cash 7-5

7-7.
Requirement (1) Bank Reconciliation, June 30
Bank Books
Balances, June 1........................................... P18,000 P30,170 (derived)
Additions:
Deposits in transit................................. 16,000
Note and interest collected................... 1,860
Recording error (944 854)................ 90
Deductions:
Outstanding checks............................... (6,000)
NSF check............................................ (4,000)
Service charge....................................... (120)
Correct cash balance.................................... P28,000 P28,000

Requirement (2) Adjusting entry

Accounts receivable..................................... 4,000

Service charge expense................................ 120
Accounts payable.................................. 90
Interest revenue.................................... 60
Notes receivable................................... 1,800
Cash...................................................... 2,170

7-8. Form Company

Requirement (a)
Form Company
Bank Reconciliation Statement
6.30.06
Balance per bank statement P 27,000
Add: Cash on hand 9,228
Total 36,228
Less: Outstanding checks
Check no. 192 P 1,040
193 720
194 816
195 692 3,268
Balance as adjusted P 32,960
Balance per books P 34,700
Add: Note collected by bank 500
Total 35,200
Less: Shortage 2,240
Balance as adjusted P 32,960
7-6 Solutions Manual to Accompany Applied Auditing, 2006 Edition

Requirement (b) Shortage is P2,240.

Requirement (c)
The cashier attempted to conceal the shortage by:
(1) Understating the outstanding checks
(a) Excluding check #192 P1,040
(b) Underfooting list of outstanding checks 200
(2) Adding instead of deducting note collected by bank
thereby covering up 1,000
Total P2,240

Requirement (d)
Suggestions to improve internal control:
(1) Bank reconciliation statement should be prepared by someone other than the
cashier.
(2) Collections should be deposited intact.

7-9. Jonas Company

Analysis of the bank statement and cash account will reveal the following:

a. Deposit in-transit, June 30:....................................... P2,700

b. Checks outstanding:
# 62........................................................................... P 900
# 68........................................................................... 1,300 P2,200

c. Interest earned on bank balance................................ P 100

Bank Reconciliation, June 30

Bank Book
Ending June balance............. P22,580 Ending June balance............. P22,980
Deposits in-transit................. 2,700 Interest earned....................... 100
Checks outstanding:
#62................................. (900)
#68................................. (1,300)
Correct cash balance............. P23,080 P23,080

The following journal entry must be made by Jonas Company:

 Substantive Tests of Cash 7-7
Cash.................................................................................. 100
Interest revenue................................................. 100
7-10. Apple Company

Requirement (1)

(a) Deposits in-transit All deposits (#51 through #56) except #56 have been
recorded by the bank; therefore, the deposit in-transit is: #56, P3,500. This
amount can be verified as: P2,000 + P190,000 P188,500 = P3,500.

(b) Checks outstanding: Inspection of the check numbers reveals that the
following are outstanding: #121, P1,000; #177, P2,500; #178, P3,000; and
#179, P1,500; total, P8,000. This amount can be verified as: P6,000 +
P198,000 P196,000 = P8,000.

Requirement (2)

Bank Books
Balances, December 1................................. P76,550 P56,000
Additions:
Cash on hand........................................ 400
Deposit in-transit (#56)......................... 3,500
Note collected.......................................
Principal......................................... 6,000
Interest........................................... 720
Funds received from foreign revenue... 10,000
Deductions:
Checks outstanding (#121, #177-179).. (8,000)
NSF check, Customer Belinda............. (200)
United Fund transfer............................. (50)
Bank service charge.............................. (20)
Correct cash balance.................................... P72,450 P72,450

Requirement (3)

Journal entries from bank reconciliation:

(a) Cash...................................................... 16,720

Note receivable.............................. 6,000
Interest revenue............................. 720
Foreign revenue............................. 10,000

(b) Account receivable, NSF check,

Customer Belinda.............................. 200
Contributions, United Fund.................. 50
Expense, bank service charge............... 20
7-8 Solutions Manual to Accompany Applied Auditing, 2006 Edition

Cash............................................... 270

7-11. Mindanao Company

Requirement (a)
Mindanao Company
Bank Reconciliation Statement
12.31.06
Bank Books
Unadjusted Balance P 88,489.12 P 58,983.46
Add (Deduct) Reconciling Items
a) Outstanding checks (32,108.42)
b) Receipts of 12.31.06 deposited 1.2.07 5,317.20
c) Service charge for November (3.85)
d) Proceeds of bank loan 9,875.00
e) Deposit of 12.23.06 omitted from bank statement 2,892.41
f) Returned check from Tome Co. (417.50)
g) Error by bank in entering 12.16.06 deposit,
understated by 1.00
h) Check of Mina Mfg. Co. erroneously charged
against Mindanao acct. 2,960.00
i) Note of J. Santos Co. collected by bank, 12.10.06 2,015.00
j) Erroneous bank debit memo 5,000.00
k) Error by bank in entering 12.4.06 deposit;
overstated by ( 10.00)
l) Deposit of Mina Mfg. Co. erroneously credited
to the companys account ( 1,819.20)
Total P 70,722.11 P 70,452.11
Unlocated difference 270.00
Adjusted balance P 70,722.11 P 70,722.11

Requirement (b) Adjusting Journal Entries: December 31, 2006

1. Bank charges 3.85
Cash in bank 3.85

2. Cash in bank 9,875.00

Interest expense 110.00
Prepaid interest 548.00
Loan payable 10,533.00

3. Accounts receivable 417.50

Cash in bank 417.50

4. Cash in bank 2,015.00

 Substantive Tests of Cash 7-9
Bank charge 5.00
Notes receivable 2,000.00
Interest income 20.00
5. Cash in bank 270.00
Accounts receivable / Sales /
Miscellaneous income 270.00

7-12. Asia Envelope Company

ASIA ENVELOPE COMPANY

Proof of Cash
For the month ended 5-31-06

Balance MAY Balance

5-1-06 Receipts Disbursement 5-31-06
P3,561.00 P42,700.17 P41,631.45 P4,629.72
Unadjusted book balance
Add (Deduct) Adjustments
Bank service charges
April 30 (6.00) (6.00)
May 31 6.80 (6.80)
NSF checks returned
April 30 (815.00) (815.00)
May 31 118.00 (118.00)
Draft collected by bank
April 1,500.00 (1,500.00)
May 202.00 202.00
Check No. 6129 erroneously
recorded in the check register
Correct Amount P87
Recorded as 78 9.00 (9.00)

Adjusted book balance P4,240.00 P41,402.17 P40,944.25 P4,697.92

Unadjusted bank balance P7,403.50 P41,776.27 P45,317.57 P3,862.20
Add (Deduct) Adjustments
Deposit in transit
April 30 950.00 (950.00)
May 31 925.40 925.40
Outstanding checks
April 30 (4,463.00) (4,463.00)
May 31 149.68 (149.68)
Checks of Asia Engine
Corp. erroneously charged
to company's account
April 349.50 (349.50)
May ________ _________ (60.00) 60.00
7-10 Solutions Manual to Accompany Applied Auditing, 2006 Edition
Adjusted bank balance P4,240.00 P41,402.17 P40,944.25 P4,697.92

7-13. Tarlac Company

(1)
Tarlac Company
Proof of Cash
For the month ended 12.31.06

Balance December Balance

11.30.06 Receipts Disbursements 12.31.06
Balance per bank statement P 45,240 P100,000 P135,240 P10,000
Add (Deduct) Reconciling items
Outstanding checks
November 30 (10,000) (10,000)
December 31 4,000 (4,000)
NSF checks returned in
December (245) 245
Deposits in transit
November 30 2,500 (2,500)
December 31 3,500 3,500
Bank charges
November 20 20
December (25) 25
Check of another company
erroneously charged by bank
in November, corrected in
December 260 (260)

Balance per books P 38,020 P100,740 P 128,990 P 9,770

(2)
Adjusting Journal Entries - 12.31.06
1. Accounts receivable 245
Cash in bank 245

2. Bank charges 25
Cash in bank 25

(3)
Balance per books 12.31.06 P9,770
Less: AJE (1) P245
(2) 25 270
 Substantive Tests of Cash 7-11
Balance as adjusted P9,500

7-14. Genius Company

a. Post-dated check report as accounts receivable because it is not negotiable

until the date on the check.
b. Report as an account receivable because it is not a negotiable instrument at
this time. Debit Accounts Receivable, and credit Cash. If ultimately not
collectible, write off as a bad debt.
c. Report as Note Receivable or as a short-term investment. It is inappropriate
to report (or record) this as cash.
d. Include the P200 balance in petty cash in the balance reported as cash.
Immediately replenish the fund for P168 and record it on December 31 as a
debit to expenses (including the P1 cash short) and a credit to Cash.
Alternatively, an adjustment may be made debiting expenses for P168 and
crediting petty cash fund on December 31, 2005.
e. Report the P30 of postage stamps as prepaid postage expense stamps are not
cash.
f. Include the cashiers check in the balance because it will be accepted by
banks for immediate deposit.
g. These checks should not be recorded as 2005 payments because the company
still has full control of them.
h. The note and interest should not be included in the cash balance it has not
been collected. The P20,000 should be reported as a note receivable and
interest of P450 (i.e., P20,000 x 9% x 3/12) should be accrued by a debit to
interest receivable and a credit to interest revenue for P450. However, if the
bank reports that the note has been collected on or before December 31 and a
credit to the companys account has been made, this item may be included in
the cash balance.

7-15.
Balance Sheet Classification
Cash ST
Cash Equivalent Investment Other
s
Checking account X
Savings account X
Rare coins kept for long-term
speculation X
Postdated checks received X
Money orders received X
7-12 Solutions Manual to Accompany Applied Auditing, 2006 Edition
Petty cash fund X
Treasury bills purchased when two
months remain in term X
Compensating balance for a short-
term loan X*
* shown separately
Balance Sheet Classification
Cash ST
Cash Equivalent Investment Other
s
Sinking fund to retire a bond in five
years X
Certificate of deposit (six-month
term) X
Short-term investment in
marketable equity securities X

7-16. Cordial Company

Bank Reconciliation, 12.31.06

Bank Books
Unadjusted balance P350,000 P293,500
Add (Deduct) Adjustments
Deposit in transit (P175,250 - P50,000) 125,250 (1)
Post dated customers check recorded
on 12.31.06 ( 50,000)
Note collected by bank 15,000
Outstanding checks
(P246,750 - P14,750 - P37,210) (194,790) (2)
Check payable to a supplier released on
Jan. 5, 2007 14,750 (6)
Check dated Jan. 4, 2007 recorded and
released in Dec., 2006 37,210 (6)
Erroneous bank credit corrected
on Jan. 2, 2007 (30,000)

As corrected 250,460 310,460

Unlocated difference (shortage) (60,000) (4)

Balance as adjusted P250,460 P250,460 (3)

Suggested answer to the multiple choice questions:

 Substantive Tests of Cash 7-13
1. b 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. d

7-17. Pablo Corporation

PABLO CORPORATION
Proof of Cash
July 31, 2006

Reconciliation July July Reconciliation

6-30-06 Receipts Disbursements 7-31-06
Bank cash balance P13,031.78 P10,051.17 P5,326.52 P17,756.43
Deposit in transit:
July 1,098.51 1,098.51
June 146.73 (146.73)
Undeposited cash 472.50 472.50
Outstanding checks:
July: #1345 27.00 (27.00)
#1353 13.23 (13.23)
#1354 14.24 (14.24)
June: #1082 (372.15) (372.15)
#1086 (552.40) (552.40)
#1087 (196.80) (196.80)
Adjusted balance P12,057.16 P11,475.45 P4,259.64 P19,272.97

Book cash balance P12,057.16 P10,460.45 P4,102.69 P18,414.92

NSF check 113.15 (113.15)
Error 36.00 (36.00)
Note collected 1,000.00 1,000.00
Interest 15.00 15.00
Service charge 7.80 (7.80)
Adjusted balance P12,057.16 P11,475.45 P4,259.64 P19,272.97
7-14 Solutions Manual to Accompany Applied Auditing, 2006 Edition

7-18. Jayce Corporation

JAYCE CORPORATION
Proof of Cash
August 31, 2006

Reconciliation August August Reconciliation

7-31-06 Receipts Disbursements 8-31-06
Bank cash balance P 9,852.46 P16,755.64 P14,928.85 P11,679.25
Deposit in transit:
August 1,235.32 1,235.32
July 953.71 (953.71)
Undeposited cash 421.68 421.68
Outstanding checks:
August: #2265 56.89 (56.89)
#2269 341.72 (341.72)
#2270 185.75 (185.75)
July: #2150 (345.26) (345.26)
#2151 (156.72) (156.72)
#2152 (97.43) (97.43)
Adjusted balance P10,206.76 P17,458.93 P14,913.80 P12,751.89

Book cash balance P10,206.76 P15,913.93 P14,813.95 P11,306.74

NSF check 96.75 (96.75)
Error in recording check (9.00) 9.00
Note collected 1,500.00 1,500.00
Interest 45.00 45.00
Service charge 12.10 (12.10)
Adjusted balance P10,206.76 P17,458.93 P14,913.80 P12,751.89

7-19. Kirsten Lim, Inc.

1. April 1 Petty Cash..............................................................................................................................

200
Cash.........................................................................................................................
200
2. April 10 Cash Over and Short..............................................................................................................
2
 Substantive Tests of Cash 7-15
Transportation-In...................................................................................................................
60
Supplies Expense...................................................................................................................
25
Postage Expense.....................................................................................................................
33
ReceivablesEmployees......................................................................................................
17
Miscellaneous Expense..........................................................................................................
36
Cash (P200 P27)...................................................................................................
173
3. April 20 Petty Cash..............................................................................................................................
100
Cash.........................................................................................................................
100
Assuming no disbursements were made from April 20 to April 30 and the cashier
made up the shortage of P2, the answer is P300 (b).
7-20. Francos Auto Repair Service

Cash Over and Short..............................................................................................................

6.45
Accounts ReceivableEmployees........................................................................................
74.00
(P40.00 + P34.00)
Neo Franco, Drawings*.........................................................................................................
170.00
Repair Expense......................................................................................................................
14.35
Postage Expense (P20.00 P2.90)........................................................................................
17.10
Office Supplies.......................................................................................................................
2.90
Cash (P300.00 P15.20).........................................................................................
284.80

* Note: This debit might also be made to the capital account.

Answer: P15.20 (not among the choices; Faculty may add choice (e) P15.20)

7-21. Petty Cash, Bank Reconciliation

Balance per bank P6,522

Add:
Cash on hand 246
Deposit in transit 3,000 3,246
9,768

Deduct Checks outstanding (550)

Adjusted bank balance P9,218

Balance per books P8,315

Add: Note collected 930
9,245
Deduct Service Charge (27)
Adjusted cash balance, May 31 P9,218

P9,218 + P300 = P9,518 (a)

7-16 Solutions Manual to Accompany Applied Auditing, 2006 Edition

7-22. Powder Inc.

Powder, Inc.
Bank Reconciliation
November 30, 2006

Balance per bank statement, November 30, 2006 P56,274.20

Add:
Cash on hand, not deposited 1,915.40
58,189.60
Deduct:
Outstanding checks
#1224 P1,635.29
#1230 2,468.30
#1232 3,625.15
#1233 482.17 8,210.91
Correct cash balance, Nov. 30 P49,978.69

Balance per books, November 30, 2006 P49,178.22 *

Add:
Bond interest collected by bank 1,400.00
50,578.22
Deduct:
Bank charges not recorded in books P 27.40
Customers check returned NSF 572.13 599.53
Correct cash balance, Nov. 30 P49,978.69 (c)

*Computation of balance per books,

November 30, 2006
Balance per books, October 31, 2006 P 41,847.85
Add receipts for November 173,523.91
215,371.76
Deduct disbursements for November 166,193.54
Balance per books, November 30, 2006 P 49,178.22
Substantive Tests of Cash 7-17