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8 Probability

Probability is a numerical measure between 0 and 1 that indicates the likelihood of an event occurring. It can be used to calculate the chance of different outcomes when doing experiments or random events. Key terms include the sample space, which is all possible outcomes, and events, which are specific outcomes or combinations of outcomes being measured. Probability is used to solve problems involving things like coin tosses, dice rolls, card draws, and other random selection scenarios.

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90 views

8 Probability

Probability is a numerical measure between 0 and 1 that indicates the likelihood of an event occurring. It can be used to calculate the chance of different outcomes when doing experiments or random events. Key terms include the sample space, which is all possible outcomes, and events, which are specific outcomes or combinations of outcomes being measured. Probability is used to solve problems involving things like coin tosses, dice rolls, card draws, and other random selection scenarios.

Uploaded by

Puneet Jangid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability

Probability is a numerical measure which indicates the chance of occurrence of an event. Probability always lies
between 0 and 1including 0 and 1.

Basic Terminology used


Experiment An operation that result in a define outcomes is called an experiment
Sample space The total number of outcomes of an experiment is known as sample space.
Event event may be a single outcomes or combination of outcomes.
Equally likely event two or more event are said to be equally likely if they have equal chance of occurring
Mutually exclusive events two or more events are said to be mutually exclusive if the occurrence of one
prevents the occurrence of other events.
Independent event Two events are said to be independent of each other if the occurrence of one is not
affected by the occurrence of other or does not affect the occurrence of the other.
Dependent event if the occurrence of one event affects the happening of the other events, then they are said
to be dependent event.
Simple event An event is said to be simple if it corresponds to a single possible outcomes of an experiment.
Compound event The joint occurrence of two or more single events is called a compound event.

Problems
1. A coin is tossed once. Find the probability of getting tail, head, head or tail.
2. Two tossed tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting only one tail, only one head, both are head,
both are tails, no head, at least one head, at most one head.
3. Three coin tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting only one head, only two head, all three
head, no head, at least one head, at least two head, at most one head, at most two head, all three are head.
4. One dice is thrown. Find the probability of getting 2, getting 4, getting 2 or 4, odd number, even number,
more than 5, less than 4.
5. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting total of 5 , total of 6, total of 5 or total of
6, first dice shown a 6, a total of 12.
6. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting a red card, a spade, a king, a red
king, a king or queen, a black card.
7. Two cards are drawn from the pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting a one king, both are king, at
least one king, no king, at most one king, one spade, at least one spade.
8. Three card are drawn from the pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting one king, two king, all three
are king, no king, at least one king, at least two king, at most one king, at most two king, two spade.
9. A bag contain 3 red, 6 white and 4 black balls. Three balls are drawn simultaneously, Find the probability of
getting all three are red, one red, two red, at least one red, at least two red, at most one red, no red.
10. Two students X and Y work independently on a problem. The probability that X will solve it is and the
probability that Y will solve it is 2/3. What is the probability that only one solved the problem, both solve the
problem, none of them solve the problem, at least one solve, at most one solve the solve the problem.
11. A bag contains 5 red, 4 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability that
both of them are red if (i) the balls are drawn together (ii) the balls are drawn one after the other with
replacement (iii) the balls are drawn one after the other without replacement.
12.A committee of 4 people is to be appointed from 3 officer of the production dept, 4 officer of the purchase
dept, 2 officer of sales dept and 1 C.A. Find the probability of forming the committee in the following
manner.(i) there must be one from each category (ii) it should have at least 2 from the purchase dept (iii)the
C.A must be in the committee.
13. A bag contains 30 balls numbered from 1 to 30. One ball is drawn. Find the probability that number of the
drawn ball is a multiple of 4 or 9.
14. A box contains 3 red and 7 white balls. One ball is drawn at random and in its place a ball of the other color
is put in the box. Now one ball is drawn at random at random from the box. Find the probability that it is red.
15. Lisa travel club has 1000 member. 60% of this member is male. 45% of these member pay by credit card
when they travel including 175 females. If a member enters the travel club at random, what is the probability
that (i) the member is a female (ii) the member is female and pays cash? (iii) The member is a male or a credit
card user.
16. A bag contains 8 red balls and 5 white balls. Two successive draw of 3 balls are made without replacement.
Find the probability that the first drawing will give 3 white balls and second 3 red balls.
17. Box I contain 5 red and 6 blue balls. Box II contain 6 red and 4 blue. A ball is drawn at random from box I
and is transferred to box II. Now from the box II a ball is drawn at random. What is the probability that it is red?

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