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Physics Investigatory Project

This document describes a student's physics investigatory project to determine the refractive indices of various liquids using a hollow prism. The student measures the angle of incidence and angle of deviation for water, dilute hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid. The experimental refractive index values obtained for each liquid are close to their actual known refractive index values. The document outlines the aim, apparatus, theory, procedure, observations, conclusions, precautions taken, and bibliography for the project.

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579 views13 pages

Physics Investigatory Project

This document describes a student's physics investigatory project to determine the refractive indices of various liquids using a hollow prism. The student measures the angle of incidence and angle of deviation for water, dilute hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid. The experimental refractive index values obtained for each liquid are close to their actual known refractive index values. The document outlines the aim, apparatus, theory, procedure, observations, conclusions, precautions taken, and bibliography for the project.

Uploaded by

Anonymous 125GjEa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INVESTIGATORY PROJECT physics

DETERMINATION OF REFRACTIVE INDICES OF VARIOUS


LIQUIDS USING A HOLLOW PRISM
AISSCE 2017-18

SUBMITTED BY
NAME: SIMRAN
CLASS: 12TH B
BOARD ROLL NUMBER:
SCHOOL NAME: KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
KOLIWADA
SESSION: 2017-18
UNDER GUIDANCE BY Mr GANESH AHIRRAO (PGT
PHYSICS)
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that SIMRAN of class 12TH B has satisfactorily


completed the project in physics on DETERMINATION OF
REFRACTIVE INDICES OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS USING A
HOLLOW PRISM prescribed by the AISSCE course in the
academic year 2017-18. I have examined the project and hereby
accord my approval of it as a study carried out and presented in
the manner required for its acceptance. This does not necessarily
endorse or accept every statement made or opinion expressed or
conclusion drawn, but only signifies the acceptance of the project
for the purpose it is submitted for.

Dr SS DAKUA Mr GANESH AHIRRAO

PRINCIPAL PGT PHYSICS

K.V. KOLIWADA K.V. KOLIWADA

MUMBAI MUMBAI

EXTERNAL EXAMINOR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without mentioning the names of those persons who helped to
make it possible. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude
in few words and respect to all those who helped me in the
completion of this project.
It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep senses of
gratitude to my Physics teacher, Mr GANESH AHIRRAO for his
valuable support, constant help and guidance at each and every
stage, without which this project would not have come forth.
I also register my sense of gratitude to our principal, Dr SS
DAKUA, for his immense encouragement that has made this
project successful.
I would also like to thank my friends and family for encouraging
me during the course of this project.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for giving us
the opportunity to undertake this project.

SIMRAN

PROJECT OVERVIEW
o Aim
o Apparatus Required
o Theory
o Procedure
o Observations
o Conclusions
o Precautions
o Bibliography

AIM:
o To find out the refractive indices of different liquids
using a hollow prism.

Apparatus Required:

o Hollow glass prism


o Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide,
benzaldehyde, dilute HCl, etc.
o Bell pins
o Office pins
o Drawing board
o Pencil
o White paper
o Protractor
Theory
A prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished
surfaces that refract light. Prisms can be made from any material
that is transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism
can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colours.
Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into
components with different polarizations. The refractive index of
the liquid is given by the formula
=sini sinr
=sin [(A+D)/2] sin (A/2)
Where,
= Refractive index of the medium.
A= Angle of prism
D= Minimum angle of deviation
i=Angle of incidence
r=Angle of refraction
Procedure

1. Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board


with help of drawing pins.
2. Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as
ABC.
3. Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
4. Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with
the normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they
appear to be in the straight line.
5. Place the prism filled with given sample of
liquid, on the marked outline ABC.
6. Now take the pins and place them on the side
AC so that all the 4 pins appear to be in same
line.
7. Remove the prism and draw the line joining the
points so obtained.
8. Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
9. Repeat this with different liquids and different
angle of incidence.

OBSERVATION

1. WATER (H2O)

Serial number Angle of prism Angle of Angle of


(A) incidence (i) deviation (D)
1. 60 30 28
2. 60 35 26
3. 60 40 24.5
4. 60 45 24
5. 60 50 25
6. 60 55 26

= sin [(A+D)/2] sin (A/2)


A= 60
D= 24
= 1.338

2. Dilute Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)


Serial number Angle of prism Angle of Angle of
(A) incidence (i) deviation (D)
1. 60 30 27
2. 60 35 26
3. 60 40 25.5
4. 60 45 25
5. 60 50 26
6. 60 55 27

= sin [(A+D)/2] sin (A/2)


A= 60
D= 25
= 1.0081

3. Acetic acid

Serial number Angle of prism Angle of Angle of


(A) incidence (i) deviation (D)
1. 60 30 27
2. 60 35 26
3. 60 40 25
4. 60 45 24
5. 60 50 25
6. 60 55 27

= sin [(A+D)/2] sin (A/2)


A= 60
D= 24
= 1.3382

CONCLUSION

Refractive indices at room temperature:


1. WATER
o Actual: 1.333
o Experimental: 1.338

2. Dilute HCl
o Actual: 1.0004
o Experimental: 1.0081

3. Dilute Sulphuric acid


o Actual: 1.3720
o Experimental: 1.3382

PRECAUTIONS

1. Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

2. Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

3. Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

4. Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.


5. Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and
incident ray.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. www.google.com

2. www.wikipedia.com

3. www.quora.com

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