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My HTML Notes

HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language HTML is not a programming language. Mark-up tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like and. The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML Documents and display them as web pages.

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shashiss
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109 views

My HTML Notes

HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language HTML is not a programming language. Mark-up tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like and. The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML Documents and display them as web pages.

Uploaded by

shashiss
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.


• HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language
• HTML is not a programming language, it is a mark-up language
• A mark-up language is a set of mark-up tags
• HTML uses mark-up tags to describe web pages

HTML Tags
HTML mark-up tags are usually called HTML tags
• HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
• HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages


• HTML documents describe web pages
• HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
• HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display
them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the
content of the page:

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained
• The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
• The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
• The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
• The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

HTML - Getting Started


What You Need
You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.
• You don't need any HTML editor
• You don't need a web server
• You don't need a web site
Editing HTML
In this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe this is the best way to
learn HTML.
However, professional web developers often prefer HTML editors like FrontPage or Dreamweaver,
instead of writing plain text.

Create Your Own Test Web


If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first
web site in action.

Use Your Test Web for Learning


We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text
editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML mark-up tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all
about it in the next chapters.

.HTM or .HTML File Extension?


When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. We use .htm in our
examples. It is a habit from the past, when the software only allowed three letters in file extensions.
With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html.

HTML Basic - 4 Examples


Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.
You will learn about them in the next chapters.

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

Try it yourself »

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

Try it yourself »

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Try it yourself »

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.


(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example

<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />

Try it yourself »

Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.

HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag * Element content End tag *


<p> This is a paragraph </p>
<a href="default.htm" > This is a link </a>
<br />
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax


• An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
• An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
• The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
• Some HTML elements have empty content
• Empty elements are closed in the start tag
• Most HTML elements can have attributes
Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.
Nested HTML Elements
Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example


<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained


The <p> element:

<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>

The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.


The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.


The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:

<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.


The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag


Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph

The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce
unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
Empty HTML Elements
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. Empty elements can be closed in the start
tag.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, all elements must be closed.
Adding a slash to the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements, accepted by
HTML, XHTML and XML.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is more future proof.

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags


HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML
tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase
in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in future versions of (X) HTML.

HTML Attributes
Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes
• HTML elements can have attributes
• Attributes provide additional information about an element
• Attributes are always specified in the start tag
• Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

Example

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Try it yourself »

Always Quote Attribute Values


Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.

Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use
single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes
Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in
their HTML 4 recommendation.
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.

HTML Attributes Reference


The attributes listed below are standard, and are supported by all HTML and XHTML tags,
with a few exceptions.

Core Attributes
Not valid in base, head, html, meta, param, script, style, and title elements.

Attribute Value Description

class classname Specifies a classname for an element

id id Specifies a unique id for an element

style style_definition Specifies an inline style for an element

title text Specifies extra information about an element

Language Attributes
Not valid in base, br, frame, frameset, hr, iframe, param, and script elements.

Attribute Value Description

dir ltr Specifies the text direction for the content in an element
rtl

lang language_code Specifies a language code for the content in an element.


Language code reference

xml:lang language_code Specifies a language code for the content in an element, in


XHTML documents. Language code reference

Keyboard Attributes
Attribute Value Description

accesskey character Specifies a keyboard shortcut to access an element


tabindex number Specifies the tab order of an element

HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the largest heading. <h6> defines the smallest heading.

Example

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

Try it yourself »

Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a heading.

Headings Are Important


Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document
structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3
headings, and so on.

HTML Lines
The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.

The hr element can be used to separate content:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>

Try it yourself »

HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable.
Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:
Example

<!-- This is a comment -->

Try it yourself »

Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source


Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or
similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.

HTML Tag Reference


W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.

Tag Description

<html> Defines an HTML document

<body> Defines the document's body

<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings

<hr /> Defines a horizontal line

<!--> Defines a comment

HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example

<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>

Try it yourself »

Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a paragraph.

Don't Forget the End Tag


Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:
Example

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph

Try it yourself »

The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce
unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.

HTML Line Breaks


Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example

<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

Try it yourself »

The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.

<br> or <br />


In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, HTML elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not
allowed.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is more future proof.

HTML Output - Useful Tips


You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create
different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines
count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space.
Try it yourself
(The example demonstrates some HTML formatting problems)

HTML Tag Reference


W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about HTML elements and their attributes.

Tag Description

<p> Defines a paragraph

<br /> Inserts a single line break


HTML Text Formatting

HTML Text Formatting

This text is bold

This text is big

This text is italic

This is computer output

superscript
This is subscript and

Try it yourself »

HTML Formatting Tags


HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text.
These HTML tags are called formatting tags.
Refer to the bottom of this page for a complete reference.

HTML Text Formatting Tags


Tag Description

<b> Defines bold text

<big> Defines big text

<em> Defines emphasized text

<i> Defines italic text

<small> Defines small text

<strong> Defines strong text

<sub> Defines subscripted text

<sup> Defines superscripted text

<ins> Defines inserted text

<del> Defines deleted text


HTML "Computer Output" Tags
Tag Description

<code> Defines computer code text

<kbd> Defines keyboard text

<samp> Defines sample computer code

<tt> Defines teletype text

<var> Defines a variable

<pre> Defines preformatted text

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags


Tag Description

<abbr> Defines an abbreviation

<acronym> Defines an acronym

<address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document

<bdo> Defines the text direction

<blockquote> Defines a long quotation

<q> Defines a short quotation

<cite> Defines a citation

<dfn> Defines a definition term

HTML Styles

The style attribute is used to style HTML elements.

Look! Styles and colors


This text is in Verdana and red
This text is in Times and blue
This text is 30 pixels high

The HTML Style Attribute


The purpose of the style attribute is:
To provide a common way to style all HTML elements.
Styles was introduced with HTML 4, as the new and preferred way to style HTML elements. With HTML
styles, styles can be added to HTML elements directly by using the style attribute, or indirectly in
separate style sheets (CSS files).
You can learn everything about styles and CSS in our CSS Tutorial.
In our HTML tutorial we will use the style attribute to introduce you to HTML styles.

Deprecated Tags and Attributes


In HTML 4, several tags and attributes are deprecated. Deprecated means that they will not be
supported in future versions of HTML and XHTML.

The message is clear: Avoid using deprecated tags and attributes!


These tags and attributes should be avoided:

Tags Description

<center> Defines centered content

<font> and <basefont> Defines HTML fonts

<s> and <strike> Defines strikethrough text

<u> Defines underlined text

Attributes Description

align Defines the alignment of text

bgcolor Defines the background color

color Defines the text color

For all of the above: Use styles instead!

HTML Style Example - Background Color


The background-color property defines the background color for an element:

Example

<html>

<body style="background-color:yellow">
<h2 style="background-color:red">This is a heading</h2>
<p style="background-color:green">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

Try it yourself »

The style attribute makes the "old" bgcolor attribute obsolete.

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size


The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an
element:

Example

<html>

<body>
<h1 style="font-family:verdana">A heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:20px;">A paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

Try it yourself »

The style attribute makes the old <font> tag obsolete.

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment


The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element:

Example

<html>

<body>
<h1 style="text-align:center">This is a heading</h1>
<p>The heading above is aligned to the center of this page.</p>
</body>

</html>

Try it yourself »

The style attribute makes the old "align" attribute obsolete.

HTML Hyperlinks (Links)


A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to a new
document or a new section within the current document.
When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand.
Links are specified in HTML using the <a> tag.
The <a> tag can be used in two ways:
1. To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute
2. To create a bookmark inside a document, by using the name attribute

HTML Link Syntax


The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this:

<a href="url">Link text</a>

The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools</a>

which will display like this: Visit W3Schools


Clicking on this hyperlink will send the user to W3Schools' homepage.
Tip: The "Link text" doesn't have to be text. You can link from an image or any other HTML element.

HTML Links - The target Attribute


The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window:

Example

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>

Try it yourself »

HTML Links - The name Attribute


The name attribute specifies the name of an anchor.

The name attribute is used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document.


Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.

Example
A named anchor inside an HTML document:

<a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>

Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document:
<a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page:

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips">
Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


Note: Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this:
href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two requests to the server, the server will
first add a slash to the address, and then create a new request like this:
href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/".
Tip: Named anchors are often used to create "table of contents" at the beginning of a large document.
Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these anchors are put
at the top of the document.
Tip: If a browser does not find the named anchor specified, it goes to the top of the document. No error
occurs.

HTML Link Tags


Tag Description

<a> Defines an anchor

HTML Images
Example

Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it yourself »

HTML The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute


In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of
the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:

<img src="url" alt="some_text"/>

The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the
"images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.
The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag
between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second
paragraph.

HTML The Alt Attribute


The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:

<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat" />

The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it
(because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading
images take time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.
Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from
a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the
same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link
icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.

HTML Image Tags


Tag Description

<img /> Defines an image

<map> Defines an image-map

<area /> Defines a clickable area inside an image-map

HTML Tables
HTML Tables

Apples 44%

Bananas 23%

Oranges 13%

Other 10%
HTML Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td>
tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain text, links,
images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

Table Example
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:


row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2

row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

HTML Tables and the Border Attribute


If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can
be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show.
To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

HTML Table Headers


Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
The text in a th element will be bold and centered.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:


Header 1 Header 2

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2

row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

HTML Table Tags


Tag Description

<table> Defines a table

<th> Defines a table header

<tr> Defines a table row

<td> Defines a table cell

<caption> Defines a table caption

<colgroup> Defines a group of columns in a table, for formatting

<col /> Defines attribute values for one or more columns in a table

<thead> Groups the header content in a table

<tbody> Groups the body content in a table

<tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table

HTML Lists

The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:

HTML Lists

An ordered list: An unordered list:


1. The first list item • List item
2. The second list item • List item
3. The third list item • List item

HTML Unordered Lists


An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).

<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:


• Coffee
• Milk

HTML Ordered Lists


An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with numbers.

<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:


1. Coffee
2. Milk

HTML Definition Lists


A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item.
The <dl> tag defines a definition list.
The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes the
item in the list):

<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:


Coffee

- black hot drink

Milk

- white cold drink

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


Tip: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

HTML List Tags


Tag Description

<ol> Defines an ordered list

<ul> Defines an unordered list

<li> Defines a list item

<dl> Defines a definition list

<dt> Defines an item in a definition list

<dd> Defines a description of an item in a definition list

HTML Forms
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
A form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more.
A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements.
The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form:

<form>
.
input elements
.
</form>

HTML Forms - The Input Element


The most important form element is the input element.
The input element is used to select user information.
An input element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An input element can be of
type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more.
The most used input types are described below.
Text Fields
<input type="text" /> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:

<form>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br />
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" />
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:


Top of Form

First name:

Last name:

Bottom of Form
Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.

Password Field
<input type="password" /> defines a password field:

<form>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" />
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:


Top of Form

Password:

Bottom of Form
Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Radio Buttons
<input type="radio" /> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE one of a limited
number of choices:

<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male<br />
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:


Top of Form
Male

Female

Bottom of Form

Checkboxes
<input type="checkbox" /> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ONE or MORE options of a
limited number of choices.

<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike" /> I have a bike<br />
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" /> I have a car
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:


Top of Form

I have a bike

I have a car

Bottom of Form

Submit Button
<input type="submit" /> defines a submit button.
A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the
form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received
input:

<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">


Username: <input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:


Top of Form

Submit

Username:

Bottom of Form
If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send
your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.
HTML Form Tags
Tag Description

<form> Defines an HTML form for user input

<input /> Defines an input control

<textarea> Defines a multi-line text input control

<label> Defines a label for an input element

<fieldset> Defines a border around elements in a form

<legend> Defines a caption for a fieldset element

<select> Defines a select list (drop-down list)

<optgroup> Defines a group of related options in a select list

<option> Defines an option in a select list

<button> Defines a push button

HTML Frames
With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window. Each HTML
document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the others.
The disadvantages of using frames are:
• The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents
• It is difficult to print the entire page

The HTML frameset Element


The frameset element holds two or more frame elements. Each frame element holds a separate
document.
The frameset element states only HOW MANY columns or rows there will be in the frameset.

The HTML frame Element


The <frame> tag defines one particular window (frame) within a frameset.
In the example below we have a frameset with two columns.
The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is set to 75% of
the width of the browser window. The document "frame_a.htm" is put into the first column, and the
document "frame_b.htm" is put into the second column:

<frameset cols="25%,75%">
<frame src="frame_a.htm" />
<frame src="frame_b.htm" />
</frameset>
Note: The frameset column size can also be set in pixels (cols="200,500"), and one of the columns can
be set to use the remaining space, with an asterisk (cols="25%,*").

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


Tip: If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent a user from
doing this, you can add noresize="noresize" to the <frame> tag.
Note: Add the <noframes> tag for browsers that do not support frames.
Important: You cannot use the <body></body> tags together with the <frameset></frameset> tags!
However, if you add a <noframes> tag containing some text for browsers that do not support frames,
you will have to enclose the text in <body></body> tags! See how it is done in the first example below.

HTML Frame Tags


Tag Description

<frameset> Defines a set of frames

<frame /> Defines a sub window (a frame)

<noframes> Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames

<iframe> Defines an inline sub window (frame)

HTML Colors

Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.

Color Values
HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the combination of Red, Green, and
Blue color values (RGB).
The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The highest value is 255
(in HEX: FF).
HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

Color Values

Color Color HEX Color RGB

#000000 rgb(0,0,0)

#FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)

#00FF00 rgb(0,255,0)
#0000FF rgb(0,0,255)

#FFFF00 rgb(255,255,0)

#00FFFF rgb(0,255,255)

#FF00FF rgb(255,0,255)

#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)

#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

Try it yourself »

16 Million Different Colors


The combination of Red, Green, and Blue values from 0 to 255, gives more than 16 million different
colors (256 x 256 x 256).
If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to 255, while
keeping the green and blue light at zero.
To see the full list of color mixes when RED varies from 0 to 255, click on one of the HEX or RGB values
below.

Red Light Color HEX Color RGB

#000000 rgb(0,0,0)

#080000 rgb(8,0,0)

#100000 rgb(16,0,0)

#180000 rgb(24,0,0)

#200000 rgb(32,0,0)

#280000 rgb(40,0,0)

#300000 rgb(48,0,0)

#380000 rgb(56,0,0)

#400000 rgb(64,0,0)

#480000 rgb(72,0,0)

#500000 rgb(80,0,0)

#580000 rgb(88,0,0)

#600000 rgb(96,0,0)

#680000 rgb(104,0,0)
#700000 rgb(112,0,0)

#780000 rgb(120,0,0)

#800000 rgb(128,0,0)

#880000 rgb(136,0,0)

#900000 rgb(144,0,0)

#980000 rgb(152,0,0)

#A00000 rgb(160,0,0)

#A80000 rgb(168,0,0)

#B00000 rgb(176,0,0)

#B80000 rgb(184,0,0)

#C00000 rgb(192,0,0)

#C80000 rgb(200,0,0)

#D00000 rgb(208,0,0)

#D80000 rgb(216,0,0)

#E00000 rgb(224,0,0)

#E80000 rgb(232,0,0)

#F00000 rgb(240,0,0)

#F80000 rgb(248,0,0)

#FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)

Shades of Gray
Gray colors are created by using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources.
To make it easier for you to select the correct shade, we have created a table of gray shades for you:

Gray Shades Color HEX Color RGB

#000000 rgb(0,0,0)

#080808 rgb(8,8,8)
#101010 rgb(16,16,16)

#181818 rgb(24,24,24)

#202020 rgb(32,32,32)

#282828 rgb(40,40,40)

#303030 rgb(48,48,48)

#383838 rgb(56,56,56)

#404040 rgb(64,64,64)

#484848 rgb(72,72,72)

#505050 rgb(80,80,80)

#585858 rgb(88,88,88)

#606060 rgb(96,96,96)

#686868 rgb(104,104,104)

#707070 rgb(112,112,112)

#787878 rgb(120,120,120)

#808080 rgb(128,128,128)

#888888 rgb(136,136,136)

#909090 rgb(144,144,144)

#989898 rgb(152,152,152)

#A0A0A0 rgb(160,160,160)

#A8A8A8 rgb(168,168,168)

#B0B0B0 rgb(176,176,176)

#B8B8B8 rgb(184,184,184)

#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)

#C8C8C8 rgb(200,200,200)

#D0D0D0 rgb(208,208,208)

#D8D8D8 rgb(216,216,216)

#E0E0E0 rgb(224,224,224)
#E8E8E8 rgb(232,232,232)

#F0F0F0 rgb(240,240,240)

#F8F8F8 rgb(248,248,248)

#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

Cross-Browser Color Names


A collection of nearly 150 color names are supported by all major browsers.
View the cross-browser color names

Web Standard Color Names


The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has listed 16 valid color names for HTML and CSS:
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and
yellow.

Note: Different browsers may display different colors for the same color name. "Green" can be lighter
in one browser than another. To achieve the same result in all browsers, always use the HEX notation.

Web Safe Colors?


Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe Colors"
was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors.
The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display the colors
correctly when running a 256 color palette.
This is not important today, since most computers can display millions of different colors. Anyway, here
is the list:
000000 000033 000066 000099 0000CC 0000FF

003300 003333 003366 003399 0033CC 0033FF

006600 006633 006666 006699 0066CC 0066FF

009900 009933 009966 009999 0099CC 0099FF

00CC00 00CC33 00CC66 00CC99 00CCCC 00CCFF

00FF00 00FF33 00FF66 00FF99 00FFCC 00FFFF

330000 330033 330066 330099 3300CC 3300FF

333300 333333 333366 333399 3333CC 3333FF

336600 336633 336666 336699 3366CC 3366FF

339900 339933 339966 339999 3399CC 3399FF

33CC00 33CC33 33CC66 33CC99 33CCCC 33CCFF


33FF00 33FF33 33FF66 33FF99 33FFCC 33FFFF

660000 660033 660066 660099 6600CC 6600FF

663300 663333 663366 663399 6633CC 6633FF

666600 666633 666666 666699 6666CC 6666FF

669900 669933 669966 669999 6699CC 6699FF

66CC00 66CC33 66CC66 66CC99 66CCCC 66CCFF

66FF00 66FF33 66FF66 66FF99 66FFCC 66FFFF

990000 990033 990066 990099 9900CC 9900FF

993300 993333 993366 993399 9933CC 9933FF

996600 996633 996666 996699 9966CC 9966FF

999900 999933 999966 999999 9999CC 9999FF

99CC00 99CC33 99CC66 99CC99 99CCCC 99CCFF

99FF00 99FF33 99FF66 99FF99 99FFCC 99FFFF

CC0000 CC0033 CC0066 CC0099 CC00CC CC00FF

CC3300 CC3333 CC3366 CC3399 CC33CC CC33FF

CC6600 CC6633 CC6666 CC6699 CC66CC CC66FF

CC9900 CC9933 CC9966 CC9999 CC99CC CC99FF

CCCC00 CCCC33 CCCC66 CCCC99 CCCCCC CCCCFF

CCFF00 CCFF33 CCFF66 CCFF99 CCFFCC CCFFFF

FF0000 FF0033 FF0066 FF0099 FF00CC FF00FF

FF3300 FF3333 FF3366 FF3399 FF33CC FF33FF

FF6600 FF6633 FF6666 FF6699 FF66CC FF66FF

FF9900 FF9933 FF9966 FF9999 FF99CC FF99FF

FFCC00 FFCC33 FFCC66 FFCC99 FFCCCC FFCCFF

FFFF00 FFFF33 FFFF66 FFFF99 FFFFCC FFFFFF

Color Names Supported by All Browsers


The list below is a complete list of the color names supported by all major browsers.
You can click on a color name (or a HEX value) to view the color as the background-color along with
different text colors.

Note: Different browsers may display different colors for the same color name. "Green" can be lighter
in one browser than another. To achieve the same result in all browsers, always use the HEX notation.
Sorted by Names
Link: Same list sorted by values

Color Name HEX Color Shades Mix

AliceBlue #F0F8FF Shades Mix

AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7 Shades Mix

Aqua #00FFFF Shades Mix

Aquamarine #7FFFD4 Shades Mix

Azure #F0FFFF Shades Mix

Beige #F5F5DC Shades Mix

Bisque #FFE4C4 Shades Mix

Black #000000 Shades Mix

BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD Shades Mix

Blue #0000FF Shades Mix

BlueViolet #8A2BE2 Shades Mix

Brown #A52A2A Shades Mix

BurlyWood #DEB887 Shades Mix

CadetBlue #5F9EA0 Shades Mix

Chartreuse #7FFF00 Shades Mix

Chocolate #D2691E Shades Mix

Coral #FF7F50 Shades Mix

CornflowerBlue #6495ED Shades Mix

Cornsilk #FFF8DC Shades Mix

Crimson #DC143C Shades Mix

Cyan #00FFFF Shades Mix

DarkBlue #00008B Shades Mix

DarkCyan #008B8B Shades Mix

DarkGoldenRod #B8860B Shades Mix


DarkGray #A9A9A9 Shades Mix

DarkGreen #006400 Shades Mix

DarkKhaki #BDB76B Shades Mix

DarkMagenta #8B008B Shades Mix

DarkOliveGreen #556B2F Shades Mix

Darkorange #FF8C00 Shades Mix

DarkOrchid #9932CC Shades Mix

DarkRed #8B0000 Shades Mix

DarkSalmon #E9967A Shades Mix

DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F Shades Mix

DarkSlateBlue #483D8B Shades Mix

DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F Shades Mix

DarkTurquoise #00CED1 Shades Mix

DarkViolet #9400D3 Shades Mix

DeepPink #FF1493 Shades Mix

DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF Shades Mix

DimGray #696969 Shades Mix

DodgerBlue #1E90FF Shades Mix

FireBrick #B22222 Shades Mix

FloralWhite #FFFAF0 Shades Mix

ForestGreen #228B22 Shades Mix

Fuchsia #FF00FF Shades Mix

Gainsboro #DCDCDC Shades Mix

GhostWhite #F8F8FF Shades Mix

Gold #FFD700 Shades Mix

GoldenRod #DAA520 Shades Mix


Gray #808080 Shades Mix

Green #008000 Shades Mix

GreenYellow #ADFF2F Shades Mix

HoneyDew #F0FFF0 Shades Mix

HotPink #FF69B4 Shades Mix

IndianRed #CD5C5C Shades Mix

Indigo #4B0082 Shades Mix

Ivory #FFFFF0 Shades Mix

Khaki #F0E68C Shades Mix

Lavender #E6E6FA Shades Mix

LavenderBlush #FFF0F5 Shades Mix

LawnGreen #7CFC00 Shades Mix

LemonChiffon #FFFACD Shades Mix

LightBlue #ADD8E6 Shades Mix

LightCoral #F08080 Shades Mix

LightCyan #E0FFFF Shades Mix

LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2 Shades Mix

LightGrey #D3D3D3 Shades Mix

LightGreen #90EE90 Shades Mix

LightPink #FFB6C1 Shades Mix

LightSalmon #FFA07A Shades Mix

LightSeaGreen #20B2AA Shades Mix

LightSkyBlue #87CEFA Shades Mix

LightSlateGray #778899 Shades Mix

LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE Shades Mix

LightYellow #FFFFE0 Shades Mix

Lime #00FF00 Shades Mix


LimeGreen #32CD32 Shades Mix

Linen #FAF0E6 Shades Mix

Magenta #FF00FF Shades Mix

Maroon #800000 Shades Mix

MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA Shades Mix

MediumBlue #0000CD Shades Mix

MediumOrchid #BA55D3 Shades Mix

MediumPurple #9370D8 Shades Mix

MediumSeaGreen #3CB371 Shades Mix

MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE Shades Mix

MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A Shades Mix

MediumTurquoise #48D1CC Shades Mix

MediumVioletRed #C71585 Shades Mix

MidnightBlue #191970 Shades Mix

MintCream #F5FFFA Shades Mix

MistyRose #FFE4E1 Shades Mix

Moccasin #FFE4B5 Shades Mix

NavajoWhite #FFDEAD Shades Mix

Navy #000080 Shades Mix

OldLace #FDF5E6 Shades Mix

Olive #808000 Shades Mix

OliveDrab #6B8E23 Shades Mix

Orange #FFA500 Shades Mix

OrangeRed #FF4500 Shades Mix

Orchid #DA70D6 Shades Mix

PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA Shades Mix

PaleGreen #98FB98 Shades Mix


PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE Shades Mix

PaleVioletRed #D87093 Shades Mix

PapayaWhip #FFEFD5 Shades Mix

PeachPuff #FFDAB9 Shades Mix

Peru #CD853F Shades Mix

Pink #FFC0CB Shades Mix

Plum #DDA0DD Shades Mix

PowderBlue #B0E0E6 Shades Mix

Purple #800080 Shades Mix

Red #FF0000 Shades Mix

RosyBrown #BC8F8F Shades Mix

RoyalBlue #4169E1 Shades Mix

SaddleBrown #8B4513 Shades Mix

Salmon #FA8072 Shades Mix

SandyBrown #F4A460 Shades Mix

SeaGreen #2E8B57 Shades Mix

SeaShell #FFF5EE Shades Mix

Sienna #A0522D Shades Mix

Silver #C0C0C0 Shades Mix

SkyBlue #87CEEB Shades Mix

SlateBlue #6A5ACD Shades Mix

SlateGray #708090 Shades Mix

Snow #FFFAFA Shades Mix

SpringGreen #00FF7F Shades Mix

SteelBlue #4682B4 Shades Mix

Tan #D2B48C Shades Mix

Teal #008080 Shades Mix


Thistle #D8BFD8 Shades Mix

Tomato #FF6347 Shades Mix

Turquoise #40E0D0 Shades Mix

Violet #EE82EE Shades Mix

Wheat #F5DEB3 Shades Mix

White #FFFFFF Shades Mix

WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5 Shades Mix

Yellow #FFFF00 Shades Mix

YellowGreen #9ACD32 Shades Mix

Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard.
W3C have listed only 16 valid color names:
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and
yellow.
If you want valid HTML or CSS, use the HEX values instead.

Color Names Supported by All Browsers


The list below is a complete list of the color names supported by all major browsers.
You can click on a color name (or a HEX value) to view the color as the background-color along with
different text colors.

Note: Different browsers may display different colors for the same color name. "Green" can be lighter
in one browser than another. To achieve the same result in all browsers, always use the HEX notation.

Sorted by HEX Value


Link: Same list sorted by names

Color Name HEX Color Shades Mix

Black #000000 Shades Mix

Navy #000080 Shades Mix

DarkBlue #00008B Shades Mix

MediumBlue #0000CD Shades Mix

Blue #0000FF Shades Mix

DarkGreen #006400 Shades Mix

Green #008000 Shades Mix


Teal #008080 Shades Mix

DarkCyan #008B8B Shades Mix

DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF Shades Mix

DarkTurquoise #00CED1 Shades Mix

MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A Shades Mix

Lime #00FF00 Shades Mix

SpringGreen #00FF7F Shades Mix

Aqua #00FFFF Shades Mix

Cyan #00FFFF Shades Mix

MidnightBlue #191970 Shades Mix

DodgerBlue #1E90FF Shades Mix

LightSeaGreen #20B2AA Shades Mix

ForestGreen #228B22 Shades Mix

SeaGreen #2E8B57 Shades Mix

DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F Shades Mix

LimeGreen #32CD32 Shades Mix

MediumSeaGreen #3CB371 Shades Mix

Turquoise #40E0D0 Shades Mix

RoyalBlue #4169E1 Shades Mix

SteelBlue #4682B4 Shades Mix

DarkSlateBlue #483D8B Shades Mix

MediumTurquoise #48D1CC Shades Mix

Indigo #4B0082 Shades Mix

DarkOliveGreen #556B2F Shades Mix

CadetBlue #5F9EA0 Shades Mix

CornflowerBlue #6495ED Shades Mix

MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA Shades Mix


DimGray #696969 Shades Mix

SlateBlue #6A5ACD Shades Mix

OliveDrab #6B8E23 Shades Mix

SlateGray #708090 Shades Mix

LightSlateGray #778899 Shades Mix

MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE Shades Mix

LawnGreen #7CFC00 Shades Mix

Chartreuse #7FFF00 Shades Mix

Aquamarine #7FFFD4 Shades Mix

Maroon #800000 Shades Mix

Purple #800080 Shades Mix

Olive #808000 Shades Mix

Gray #808080 Shades Mix

SkyBlue #87CEEB Shades Mix

LightSkyBlue #87CEFA Shades Mix

BlueViolet #8A2BE2 Shades Mix

DarkRed #8B0000 Shades Mix

DarkMagenta #8B008B Shades Mix

SaddleBrown #8B4513 Shades Mix

DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F Shades Mix

LightGreen #90EE90 Shades Mix

MediumPurple #9370D8 Shades Mix

DarkViolet #9400D3 Shades Mix

PaleGreen #98FB98 Shades Mix

DarkOrchid #9932CC Shades Mix

YellowGreen #9ACD32 Shades Mix

Sienna #A0522D Shades Mix


Brown #A52A2A Shades Mix

DarkGray #A9A9A9 Shades Mix

LightBlue #ADD8E6 Shades Mix

GreenYellow #ADFF2F Shades Mix

PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE Shades Mix

LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE Shades Mix

PowderBlue #B0E0E6 Shades Mix

FireBrick #B22222 Shades Mix

DarkGoldenRod #B8860B Shades Mix

MediumOrchid #BA55D3 Shades Mix

RosyBrown #BC8F8F Shades Mix

DarkKhaki #BDB76B Shades Mix

Silver #C0C0C0 Shades Mix

MediumVioletRed #C71585 Shades Mix

IndianRed #CD5C5C Shades Mix

Peru #CD853F Shades Mix

Chocolate #D2691E Shades Mix

Tan #D2B48C Shades Mix

LightGrey #D3D3D3 Shades Mix

PaleVioletRed #D87093 Shades Mix

Thistle #D8BFD8 Shades Mix

Orchid #DA70D6 Shades Mix

GoldenRod #DAA520 Shades Mix

Crimson #DC143C Shades Mix

Gainsboro #DCDCDC Shades Mix

Plum #DDA0DD Shades Mix

BurlyWood #DEB887 Shades Mix


LightCyan #E0FFFF Shades Mix

Lavender #E6E6FA Shades Mix

DarkSalmon #E9967A Shades Mix

Violet #EE82EE Shades Mix

PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA Shades Mix

LightCoral #F08080 Shades Mix

Khaki #F0E68C Shades Mix

AliceBlue #F0F8FF Shades Mix

HoneyDew #F0FFF0 Shades Mix

Azure #F0FFFF Shades Mix

SandyBrown #F4A460 Shades Mix

Wheat #F5DEB3 Shades Mix

Beige #F5F5DC Shades Mix

WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5 Shades Mix

MintCream #F5FFFA Shades Mix

GhostWhite #F8F8FF Shades Mix

Salmon #FA8072 Shades Mix

AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7 Shades Mix

Linen #FAF0E6 Shades Mix

LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2 Shades Mix

OldLace #FDF5E6 Shades Mix

Red #FF0000 Shades Mix

Fuchsia #FF00FF Shades Mix

Magenta #FF00FF Shades Mix

DeepPink #FF1493 Shades Mix

OrangeRed #FF4500 Shades Mix

Tomato #FF6347 Shades Mix


HotPink #FF69B4 Shades Mix

Coral #FF7F50 Shades Mix

Darkorange #FF8C00 Shades Mix

LightSalmon #FFA07A Shades Mix

Orange #FFA500 Shades Mix

LightPink #FFB6C1 Shades Mix

Pink #FFC0CB Shades Mix

Gold #FFD700 Shades Mix

PeachPuff #FFDAB9 Shades Mix

NavajoWhite #FFDEAD Shades Mix

Moccasin #FFE4B5 Shades Mix

Bisque #FFE4C4 Shades Mix

MistyRose #FFE4E1 Shades Mix

BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD Shades Mix

PapayaWhip #FFEFD5 Shades Mix

LavenderBlush #FFF0F5 Shades Mix

SeaShell #FFF5EE Shades Mix

Cornsilk #FFF8DC Shades Mix

LemonChiffon #FFFACD Shades Mix

FloralWhite #FFFAF0 Shades Mix

Snow #FFFAFA Shades Mix

Yellow #FFFF00 Shades Mix

LightYellow #FFFFE0 Shades Mix

Ivory #FFFFF0 Shades Mix

White #FFFFFF Shades Mix

Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard.
W3C have listed only 16 valid color names:
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and
yellow.
If you want valid HTML or CSS, use the HEX values instead.

HTML Quick List from W3Schools. Print it, fold it, and put it in your pocket.

HTML Basic Document


<html>
<head>
<title>Title of document goes here</title>
</head>
<body>
Visible text goes here...
</body>

</html>

Heading Elements
<h1>Largest Heading</h1>

<h2> . . . </h2>
<h3> . . . </h3>
<h4> . . . </h4>
<h5> . . . </h5>
<h6>Smallest Heading</h6>

Text Elements
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<br /> (line break)
<hr /> (horizontal rule)
<pre>This text is preformatted</pre>

Logical Styles
<em>This text is emphasized</em>
<strong>This text is strong</strong>
<code>This is some computer code</code>

Physical Styles
<b>This text is bold</b>
<i>This text is italic</i>

Links
Ordinary link: <a href="http://www.example.com/">Link-text goes here</a>
Image-link: <a href="http://www.example.com/"><img src="URL" alt="Alternate Text" /></a>
Mailto link: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Send e-mail</a>

A named anchor:
<a name="tips">Tips Section</a>
<a href="#tips">Jump to the Tips Section</a>

Unordered list
<ul>
<li>Item</li>
<li>Item</li>
</ul>

Ordered list
<ol>
<li>First item</li>
<li>Second item</li>
</ol>

Definition list
<dl>
<dt>First term</dt>
<dd>Definition</dd>
<dt>Next term</dt>
<dd>Definition</dd>
</dl>

Tables
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Tableheader</th>
<th>Tableheader</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sometext</td>
<td>sometext</td>
</tr>
</table>

Frames
<frameset cols="25%,75%">
<frame src="page1.htm" />
<frame src="page2.htm" />
</frameset>

Forms
<form action="http://www.example.com/test.asp" method="post/get">

<input type="text" name="email" size="40" maxlength="50" />


<input type="password" />
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />
<input type="radio" checked="checked" />
<input type="submit" value="Send" />
<input type="reset" />
<input type="hidden" />

<select>
<option>Apples</option>
<option selected="selected">Bananas</option>
<option>Cherries</option>
</select>
<textarea name="comment" rows="60" cols="20"></textarea>

</form>

Entities
&lt; is the same as <
&gt; is the same as >
&#169; is the same as ©

Other Elements
<!-- This is a comment -->
<blockquote>
Text quoted from a source.
</blockquote>
<address>
Written by W3Schools.com<br />
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">Email us</a><br />
Address: Box 564, Disneyland<br />
Phone: +12 34 56 78
</address>

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