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Motion of Particles Through Fluids III: Classification

The document discusses particle classification methods used to separate mixtures based on differences in particle sizes and densities. Classification involves passing a mixture through a fluid medium, with particles settling at different terminal velocities depending on their size and density. Lighter and smaller particles settle more slowly and are carried to the top, while heavier and larger particles settle more quickly and pass to the bottom, allowing for separation of the mixture into fractions. The key equations for particle settling velocity based on size and density are also presented.

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Allan Paolo
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59 views7 pages

Motion of Particles Through Fluids III: Classification

The document discusses particle classification methods used to separate mixtures based on differences in particle sizes and densities. Classification involves passing a mixture through a fluid medium, with particles settling at different terminal velocities depending on their size and density. Lighter and smaller particles settle more slowly and are carried to the top, while heavier and larger particles settle more quickly and pass to the bottom, allowing for separation of the mixture into fractions. The key equations for particle settling velocity based on size and density are also presented.

Uploaded by

Allan Paolo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8/15/2011

Motion of Particles

Through Fluids III


Classification

Classifiers
a device that separates solids into
several fractions
separation is based on their different
settling velocities
- based on sizes and densities

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8/15/2011

Separation Methods
sink and float liquid used has
density between the heavy and light
particles to be separated

Lighter materials
will float

Heavy materials will


settle at the bottom

Separation Methods
sink and float similar solids with
smaller diameter are lighter than solids
with larger diameter.

Lighter materials
will float

Heavy materials will


settle at the bottom

Separation Methods
differential settling (classification)
separation is based on terminal
velocities of settling particles
the density of the fluid medium is less
than that of the materials to be
separated

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8/15/2011

Classification

Slow settling particles


will be carried at the
top by the water

ut1 ut2
ut2<utw<ut1 Fast settling particles
will settle at the bottom

Classification

both light and heavy materials settle


through the medium
one disadvantage is when light and
heavy materials have a large size range
smaller heavy particles will settle at the
same terminal velocity as the larger
light particles

illustration
1 2
r1 > r2

ut2

ut1
velocitywater

smaller heavy particles will settle


at the same terminal velocity as ut2=ut1 =velocitywater
the larger light particles

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8/15/2011

Basic Equation
(Assume Spherical Particles)

Stokes Range
for two particles A and B of the same velocity,
Different densities and sizes

gDp2 r p r
ut
18

Relations
for two particles A and B of the same velocity
1/2
Stokes: DpB rA - r
=
DpA rB - r
1
Newtons: DpB rA - r
=
DpA rB - r

Relations

n
Intermediate: DpB rA - r
=
DpA rB - r

where: 0.5 < n < 1.00

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8/15/2011

Example

A mixture of Galena (rp = 7500 kg/m3)


and Silica (rp = 2650 kg/m3) has size
range between 0.08 mm to 0.7mm.
a). What is the velocity of water needed to
obtain a pure galena product?
b) What is the maximum size range of the
galena product?

Given
Overhead
Galena rA = 7500 kg/m3
Feed
Silica rB = 2650 kg/m3

a). What is the velocity of water


needed to obtain a pure galena
product?
b) What is the maximum size
range of the galena product?

Underhead Fluid: Water r = 1000 kg/m3 = 1cp

illustration
Galena Silica
r1 > r2
ut2

ut1
velocitywater
Pure Galena means_________
No silica in Pdt
What happens to all silica?Go to overhd
What is the critical Particle ut2=velocitywater = ut1
Biggest silica

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8/15/2011

Analysis Overhead Galena (A)


Galena Feed Silica (B)
silica
Particle sizes
0.08 mm to 0.7mm

Fluid: Water

Underhead
pure galena

a. For pure galena product vH2O >= ut largest SiO2


b. To get smallest Dp of Galena in the underhead product
ut largest SiO2 = ut biggest galena that will go with overhead

Given
Overhead
Galena rA = 7500 kg/m3
Feed
Silica rB = 2650 kg/m3

a). What is the velocity of water


needed to obtain a pure silica
product?
b) What is the maximum size
range of the silica product

Underhead Fluid: Water r = 1000 kg/m3 = 1cp

illustration
Galena Silica
r1 > r2

ut2

velocitywater
ut1
Pure Silica means_________
What happens to all galena?
What is the critical Particle ut1=velocitywater = ut2

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8/15/2011

Solution

Assume Free Settling

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