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11.3 HDLC: 11.2.3 Piggybacking

This document section discusses data link layer protocols and concepts. It provides an example flow diagram of the sending and receiving process using a stop-and-wait protocol. It also defines piggybacking as allowing data to flow in both directions by including acknowledgments with data sent the other way to improve efficiency, but notes this adds complexity. Finally, it introduces HDLC as a bit-oriented protocol for point-to-point and multipoint links that implements stop-and-wait and influenced other practical protocols.

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83 views1 page

11.3 HDLC: 11.2.3 Piggybacking

This document section discusses data link layer protocols and concepts. It provides an example flow diagram of the sending and receiving process using a stop-and-wait protocol. It also defines piggybacking as allowing data to flow in both directions by including acknowledgments with data sent the other way to improve efficiency, but notes this adds complexity. Finally, it introduces HDLC as a bit-oriented protocol for point-to-point and multipoint links that implements stop-and-wait and influenced other practical protocols.

Uploaded by

Petter P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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304 PART III DATA-LINK LAYER

Figure 11.12 Flow diagram for Example 11.3

Sending node Receiving node


Network Data-link Data-link Network

Packet Frame
Legend
Packet
ACK
Start the timer.

Stop the timer. Packet Frame


Packet
Restart a time-out timer. ACK
Lost
Frame (resent)
Notes: Time out Packet
A lost frame means Discarded
either lost or corrupted.
A lost ACK means either Frame (resent)
lost or corrupted. Packet
ACK
Discarded

Time Time Time Time

11.2.3 Piggybacking
The two protocols we discussed in this section are designed for unidirectional commu-
nication, in which data is flowing only in one direction although the acknowledgment
may travel in the other direction. Protocols have been designed in the past to allow data
to flow in both directions. However, to make the communication more efficient, the
data in one direction is piggybacked with the acknowledgment in the other direction. In
other words, when node A is sending data to node B, Node A also acknowledges the
data received from node B. Because piggybacking makes communication at the data-
link layer more complicated, it is not a common practice. We discuss two-way commu-
nication and piggybacking in more detail in Chapter 23.

11.3 HDLC
High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented protocol for communication
over point-to-point and multipoint links. It implements the Stop-and-Wait protocol we
discussed earlier. Although this protocol is more a theoretical issue than practical, most
of the concept defined in this protocol is the basis for other practical protocols such as
PPP, which we discuss next, or the Ethernet protocol, which we discuss in wired LANs
(Chapter 13), or in wireless LANs (Chapter 15).

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