Coastal and Ocean

Management Strategy
and Policy Framework

Fisheries and Aquaculture

M i n i s t e r s M e s s a g e
The goal of our new provincial Coastal and Ocean Management Strategy and
Policy Framework is to provide long-term strategic direction on sustainable
use of coastal and ocean resources in Newfoundland and Labrador. Due to
our historical attachment to the fishing industry, and responsibilities related
to emerging aquaculture investment, my department is honoured to have the
responsibility of leading the development of this Strategy.

In July 2010, my department, in partnership with the Department of Environment

and Conservation, released a discussion paper which sought feedback from the
public on our approach to coastal and ocean management. The comments we
received helped shape this final document.

The coastal and ocean agenda is consistent with the historical priorities of this

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

department. While we support aquaculture investment and emerging ocean
use sectors, we are very cognizant of historical, cultural and social needs of
the fishing industry. Given the economic diversification within the province, this
Strategy will present a balanced recognition of all sectors.

Implementing a balanced approach is a challenge for all of us. We will proceed

with this change together, fostering principles of collaboration, integrated
management and sustainable development.

Honourable Clyde Jackman

Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture
Contents

INTRODUCTION 1
TOWARDS A COASTAL STRATEGY 2
VISION 2
PURPOSE 2
STRUCTURE 3
PRINCIPLES 5
PART I STRATEGIC DIRECTION 6
1: A Coordinated Approach 6
2: Information and Research 7

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

3: Education and Awareness 8
Part II - Policy Framework 9
Healthy Marine Environments 10
Social, Cultural and Economic Sustainability 12
Coastal Land Use 13
Competing Needs and Interests 14
Coastal and Marine Infrastructure 15
Climate Change 15
Tools for Coastal and Ocean Management 17
Coordination and Implementation 18
Conclusion 19

APPENDIX A Coastal and Ocean Governance Structures 20

APPENDIX B Issues Scan Recommendations 21
APPENDIX C Provincial Coastal and Ocean Network (PCON) 22
 Coastal and Ocean Management
S t r at e g y a nd Pol ic y F r a me w or k
for New foundland and Labrador
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

INTRODUCTION
For hundreds of years, the people of Newfoundland and Labrador have relied on
the resources from our waters. In fact, 90 percent of Newfoundland and Labradors
population resides in coastal areas. Newfoundland and Labrador also boasts the
longest coastline in Atlantic Canada, at almost 29,000 km. The coastal environment
of this province is intrinsically linked to our culture, heritage, history, recreational
enjoyment, and economic prosperity. Living near well-managed coastal ecosystems
plays an important role in the sustainability of our communities and towards an
enhanced quality of life.

The provincial economy was largely based on the cod fishery but has now diversified to
include the harvesting of many different species. Marine industries such as aquaculture,
marine tourism, oil and gas, and ocean technology have also emerged as important
contributors to the provincial economy. In 2005, marine resources contributed $6.4
billion to the provincial gross domestic product (GDP). This increased use requires
greater coordination of marine activities. Today it is recognized that human activities
must be managed to ensure a balance between a healthy environment and a strong
economy supported by informed societies.

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TOWARDS A COASTAL STRATEGY
In 2006, the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador made a commitment
to increase the provinces capacity for coastal and ocean policy development and
coordination. Direction was given to develop a new approach to coastal and ocean
management, led by the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture in collaboration
with other provincial departments. This included the development of a coastal and
ocean management strategy and policy framework for Newfoundland and Labrador,
as well as participation in federal integrated coastal and ocean management initiatives.

Nationally, Canadas Oceans Act (1996) and Oceans Strategy (2002) are the tools
through which the Government of Canada sets regulatory and policy direction for
modern ocean management. Canadas Oceans Act directs the Federal Government
to work with Provincial and Territorial Governments, Aboriginal groups, and
stakeholders through an integrated management approach in advancing coastal
and ocean programs. The Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture will continue
to collaborate with Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the lead federal department for
ocean management in Canada, on various integrated coastal and ocean management
processes for the province.

Recognizing that coastal areas play an important part in the well-being of the
province, not only economically but also socially and culturally, the Government of
Newfoundland and Labrador committed to increasing efforts to address challenges
faced by the province. Addressing coastal and ocean issues is a shared responsibility
and, as such, the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador committed to working
with all levels of government, stakeholders, Aboriginal groups as appropriate, and the

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

general public.

Consultations were conducted across the province in 2007 and 2008 to identify
coastal and ocean issues most important to the people of the province. These key
issues formed the basis of a discussion paper released in 2010, which sought public
feedback on the provincial governments approach to coastal and ocean management.

VISION
Healthy and productive coastal areas and ocean resources contribute to a
prosperous economy and to the well-being of present and future generations of
Newfoundlanders and Labradorians.

PURPOSE
The Coastal and Ocean Management Strategy and Policy Framework (the Strategy)
represents the Government of Newfoundland and Labradors commitment to
integrated coastal and ocean management in the province. It provides a long-term
vision for planning and management, and conservation and sustainable use of the
provinces coastal and ocean areas and resources. The strategic direction outlines
the actions needed to achieve overarching goals and address priority issues. It also

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 highlights two tools to be used to help advance coastal and ocean management
activities (ocean technology and coastal management areas). The Strategy will
provide an opportunity to strengthen existing initiatives while promoting the need
for new collaborative efforts for setting priority action items.

Within this document is the policy framework, intended to guide the coordination
of provincial coastal and ocean policy in relation to priority issues identified for the
province, with increased collaboration between governments, stakeholders, and
communities. This direction will allow for a more efficient and effective approach to
coastal and ocean management in Newfoundland and Labrador. Policy development
will focus on areas that are within the jurisdiction of the Provincial Government, while
recognizing the need for increased collaboration with the Government of Canada
on areas of federal responsibility. The direction outlined will not infringe upon or
derogate from existing regulatory responsibilities.

STRUCTURE

PART I STRATEGIC DIRECTION

Goals: Objectives:
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

1. A Coordinated Approach: Facilitate effective coastal and ocean

Provincial policies and programs governance structures, processes,
are coordinated across government and enhanced relationships between
and provide clear strategic governments and stakeholders.
direction for integrated coastal and
Enhance local involvement through
ocean management and planning.
promotion of regionally based integrated
coastal and ocean management across the
province.
2. Information and Research: Develop partnerships with academia,
Collaborative initiatives advance industry, communities, and other
research and information sharing organizations to increase coastal and
in support of marine conservation ocean information and research capacity.
and sustainable coastal and ocean
resource use.
3. Education and Awareness: Promote public education, communication,
Newfoundlanders and and engagement initiatives to increase
Labradorians are aware and understanding and awareness of the
understand both the tangible and coastal and ocean environment and
intangible value of the coastal and impacts.
ocean environment and the issues
impacting them.

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 PART II POLICY FRAMEWORK
Priority Issues: Strategic Objectives:
Healthy Marine Coastal ecosystems, particularly areas of significant
Environments ecological importance, are protected, maintained, and
restored where possible.
Coastal activities and development do not result in
irreversible damage or harm coastal and ocean areas and
resources.
Coastal water quality allows for ecosystem functioning and
sustainable human use.
Social, Cultural Social and cultural values associated with coastal and ocean
and Economic areas are appreciated, conserved and maintained for future
Sustainability generations.
Sustainable economic opportunities pertaining to coastal
and ocean areas and resource use are supported.
Coastal Land Use The impact of land use activities on the coastal and ocean
environment is better addressed through comprehensive
coastal land use initiatives.

Competing Needs Conflicts pertaining to coastal and ocean areas and

and Interests resource use are mitigated and avoided through enhanced
consultation and communication efforts.

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

Coastal Coastal and marine infrastructure needs are identified and
and Marine addressed through collaborative efforts.
Infrastructure

Climate Change The effects of climate change on the coastal and ocean
environment, including implications to livelihoods, coastal
structures, and coastal activities, are better understood
through enhanced research and awareness.
Coastal communities and marine industries are more
resilient to the impacts of climate change by recognizing
vulnerabilities and strengthening the ability to adapt.

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 PRINCIPLES
The following principles will be applied to policy development, action planning, and
decision-making when managing coastal and ocean activities and resources:

Conservation of coastal and marine ecosystems is essential to maintaining the provinces

natural resources for present and future generations. Healthy and productive coastal
and ocean ecosystems are a building block for a sustainable provincial economy. The
impacts of development and resource use on the entire ecosystem will be considered
using the best available research and information.

A precautionary approach will be applied in the conservation and management of

the provinces coastal areas. A lack of scientific certainty should not delay taking cost-
effective measures to prevent serious or irreversible damage to the coastal and ocean
environment.

Sustainable development strives for a balance between social and cultural needs,
economic opportunities, and environmental stewardship without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

Integrated management engages all governments and stakeholders, which supports

informed decision-making and good communication between users, thereby reducing
conflicts while encouraging and supporting sustainable economic development.

Adaptive management is a systematic approach to learning from the Strategic Objectives

of management actions, accommodating change, and improving management. Given
the dynamic state of coastal and ocean environments, policies must be flexible and
adaptable in order to deal with emerging issues, and new opportunities and information.

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PA R T I S T R AT E G I C D I R E C T I O N
1: A Coordinated Approach
Goal: Provincial policies and programs are coordinated across government
and provide clear strategic direction for integrated coastal and ocean
management and planning.

Coastal and ocean areas are protected and managed by all orders of government.
Where jurisdictions overlap, governments must work together and collaborate with
stakeholders, non-government organizations, Aboriginal groups as appropriate, and
the public in developing policies and actions. It is important that decision-making
related to coastal and ocean management is transparent, accountable, inclusive,
and involves local representation. A number of provincial departments have existing
legislative responsibilities that have implications within the coastal zone and offer
programs and services to support coastal communities and promote a healthy
marine environment and natural areas. It is important to understand and define how
these powers are exercised and ensure application of the laws, rules, processes, and
behaviours that guide the management and use of marine resources in the province.

To be proactive in addressing coastal and ocean issues, the Government of

Newfoundland and Labrador must take a leadership role and engage in meaningful
integrated coastal and ocean management structures and processes. Provincial
departments currently participate on a number of established committees led by
the Federal Government, however, continued engagement by all parties is often a

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

challenge and needs to be addressed. Collaboration with federal departments will be
required to advance many of the priority coastal and ocean issues identified for the
province.

Objective: Facilitate effective coastal and ocean governance structures,

processes, and enhanced relationships between governments and stakeholders.

Actions:
Define coastal and ocean legislative roles and responsibilities of government
departments and agencies to better clarify jurisdictional issues to the public and
stakeholders.
Build on current relationships with federal departments and agencies that have
responsibilities in coastal and ocean areas, including new and existing coastal
and ocean governance structures (Appendix A). The provincial Intergovernmental
Affairs Secretariat will provide support as required to improve effective
intergovernmental relationships.
Ensure consistencies between coastal and ocean management initiatives where
issues are cross-cutting and involve multiple government departments or
agencies.
Explore options for the establishment of a Memorandum of Understating (MOU)
on coastal and ocean management with the Government of Canada as a means to
increase collaboration between the Provincial and Federal Governments.

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 Objective: Promote regionally based integrated coastal and ocean management
across the province.

Actions:
Encourage and facilitate local stakeholder participation and input into decision-
making and policy development through integrated coastal and ocean
management processes and structures, and Strategy implementation.
Explore options for development of regionally based committees (e.g. coastal
management areas), and build upon the mandates of existing structures.
Support community-driven coastal and ocean initiatives that support policy
development and aim to increase the knowledge, best practices, and public
awareness of regional and local coastal and ocean issues.

2: Information and Research

Goal: Collaborative initiatives advance research and information
sharing in support of marine conservation and sustainable coastal and ocean
resource use.
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

To ensure better management and use of coastal and ocean areas and resources,
decision-making must be based on the best available information. Improving our
understanding of the coastal and ocean environment and the impacts of various
activities will assist in addressing priority coastal and ocean issues.

Objective: Develop partnerships with academia, industry, communities, and

other organizations to increase coastal and ocean information and research
capacity.

Actions:
Support collaborative initiatives to promote coastal and ocean data and
information gathering to help ensure informed decision-making regarding
management of the coastal and ocean environment.
Identify sources of coastal and ocean information, knowledge gaps, and priority
areas of research.
Identify opportunities to gather and incorporate traditional and local knowledge
when identifying information needs.
Support linkages with projects ongoing under the provincial Ocean Technology
Sector Strategy which support coastal and ocean management.

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3: Education and Awareness
Goal: Newfoundlanders and Labradorians are aware and understand both the
tangible and intangible value of the coastal and ocean environment and the issues
impacting them.

Understanding coastal and ocean management and associated issues, and the
environmental and economic implications of various activities and practices,
is essential to ensuring sustainable use of our coastal and ocean environment.
Education and awareness, therefore, should be integrated throughout the
development of coastal and ocean policies.

Understanding the benefits the coastal and ocean environment provides to the
province, including economic, social, cultural, ecological, traditional, aesthetic,
historical, and recreational benefits will encourage people to appreciate and help
conserve the provinces coastal and ocean areas. It is also important to recognize
the role of youth and engage future generations of marine users. Educating youth
will help inspire active participation while raising awareness of the opportunities and
benefits the coastal and ocean environment provides.

Objective: Promote public education, communication, and engagement initiatives

to increase understanding and awareness of the coastal and ocean environment
and impacts.

Actions:
Work with partners to promote public communication and engagement
initiatives to increase awareness of the impacts of various activities on coastal

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

environments, and the need to utilize marine resources in a sustainable manner.
Promote local initiatives and educational programs aimed at enhancing marine
education and increasing youth involvement in coastal and ocean stewardship
activities across the province.
Promote the Strategy within and outside government and identify opportunities
for collaboration with local groups, stakeholders, and other organizations during
implementation.

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 Pa r t I I - Pol ic y Fr a me work
To help achieve the vision, there are a number of issues that must be addressed
through coordinated and focused policy development within the province. In an
effort to identify the coastal and ocean issues most important to the provinces
regions, two issues scans were conducted across the province in 2007 and 2008
which made recommendations on key issues (Appendix B).
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

The purpose of this policy framework is to provide direction for developing policies
and actions to address priority coastal and ocean issues while building on existing
initiatives. The coastal and ocean issues identified as priorities are complex, broad in
scope, and cross jurisdictions. They do not occur in isolation from one another and
policy directions should be viewed as integrated areas of focus which will overlap.
Actions taken to address these issues will need to consider multiple users and will
require long-term commitment to produce results. The Provincial Government has
been developing initiatives and policies in relation to these areas, however, there
is a need for a more focused and coordinated approach. The approach provided in
this document supports and encourages partnerships that can contribute to policy
development and implementation.

The direction provided in this policy framework is to be taken into account when
making decisions about the management and use of the provinces coastal and
ocean areas and resources, consistent with existing legislative responsibilities of
Provincial Government departments.

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Healthy Marine Environments
Context:
Coastal and ocean ecosystems play a vital role in maintaining the health and integrity
of the provinces coastline and have associated social, cultural, and economic value.
They provide for important fish habitat, nature trails, archeological sites, etc., and
are used by both the people of the province and visitors. It is important to ensure
that coastal development and activities are ecologically sustainable. Provincial
and federal policies are currently in place to ensure new development follows
established guidelines and standards. Natural areas may also be set aside for the
benefit, education, and enjoyment of the people of the province under the provincial
Wilderness and Ecological Reserves Act.

Coastal water quality is critical to the protection of public health and other coastal
resources. Water quality has a potential to be negatively affected by a number of on-
land and at-sea human activities. In many developed areas, wastewater treatment
and industrial discharge can have an impact on coastal environments. In the
province, wastewater treatment is regulated under the Water Resources Act and the
regulation of industrial effluent is the responsibility of both the Provincial and Federal
Governments. The Provincial Government monitors pollutants and environmental
effects from land-based facilities to ensure compliance with environment regulations
and has responsibility regarding oil waste management, land-based spill response,
and shoreline cleanup under the Environmental Protection Act.

Strategic Objective: Coastal ecosystems, particularly areas of significant

ecological importance, are conserved, maintained, and restored where possible.

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

Policy Direction:
Continued support is required for effective management of provincial coastal and
marine protected areas and creation of additional areas to include representative
coastal landscapes and rare or sensitive coastal and marine features.
Engagement with the Federal Government and other relevant stakeholders is
needed to ensure conservation of sensitive coastal and marine habitats.
Aquatic invasive species are an increasing risk to the provinces native species,
habitats, ecological structures, and cultured fish. A coordinated approach to find
ways to prevent and mitigate the introduction of harmful aquatic invasive species
is needed, as there is no clear jurisdictional responsibility in addressing this issue.

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 Strategic Objective: Coastal activities and development do not result in
irreversible damage or harm to coastal and ocean areas and resources.

Policy Direction:
It is recognized that coastal and ocean resources are economically important
for development activities and for industries operating within coastal and ocean
areas. Activities regulated by the province should ensure impacts to the coastal
and ocean environment are mitigated or avoided where possible.
Local governments should be encouraged to consider the impacts to coastal and
ocean ecosystems from rural development activities.
Aquaculture will be undertaken in a manner that maintains water quality,
wastewater standards, and coastal habitats, has minimal adverse impacts on local
fisheries, and is compatible with local values. Development and implementation
of the Aquaculture Sustainable Management Framework will result in
improvements to environmental monitoring, research, and waste management
practices for this industry.
Promoting proper management of fishing activities, including conservation of fish
stocks and fish habitat, is needed to protect the ecological integrity, and social
and economic value of fisheries resources in the province.
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

Strategic Objective: Coastal water quality allows for ecosystem functioning and
sustainable human use.

Policy Direction:
Cooperation with communities and government partners to improve the
management of municipal wastewater discharges is required to maintain the
provinces coastal water quality and raise awareness about the potential impact
to human health and the marine environment from substances entering the
ocean.
Monitoring pollutants and environmental effects from land-based facilities
will continue to ensure compliance with environment regulations under the
Environmental Protection Act.
Exploring the feasibility of collecting, treating, and neutralizing seafood
processing plant effluent in areas of the province will be undertaken with industry
on a voluntary basis.
Oil waste management, land-based spill response, and shoreline cleanup, under
the provincial Environmental Protection Act will continue and include working
with Federal Government departments to ensure the capacity exists within the
province to respond to oil spills.

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Social, Cultural and Economic Sustainability
Context:
The social, cultural and economic sustainability of Newfoundland and Labrador is
directly linked to coastal and ocean resource use. Societal needs and cultural identity
are currently challenged by changes to traditional industries, population dynamics, and
demographics. Governments must adapt to these changes in order to provide and
maintain services and programs for the people of the province.

In 2005, coastal and ocean resources contributed 41 percent ($6.4 billion) to the
provincial GDP. Offshore oil and gas and the fishing industry are major contributors,
with aquaculture, marine tourism, and ocean technology industries, growing in recent
years. Associated service industries also provide increased revenue and employment
opportunities. Sustainable economic opportunities need to be encouraged while
respecting the need to conserve the marine environment and to maintain the
provinces cultural identity.

Strategic Objective: Social and cultural values associated with coastal and ocean
areas are appreciated, conserved, and maintained for future generations.

Policy Direction:
Support for promotion and preservation of the provinces natural and cultural
history is encouraged. Culture, heritage, historic resources, archaeological sites
(on land and underwater), and traditional knowledge are recognized as important
components of coastal and ocean management.
Traditional activities remain important aspects of the provinces social and cultural
identity and are an important element in development of coastal policy, protection
of coastal environments, and land use planning. It is important to maintain and

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

provide opportunities for access and recreation while ensuring coastal resources
are protected.

Strategic Objective: Sustainable economic opportunities pertaining to coastal

and ocean areas and resource use are supported.

Policy Direction:
Efforts to support and strengthen the fishing industry across the province through
various programs and initiatives will continue as the fishery remains an important
part of the provinces economic and social well-being.
Sustainable expansion of the aquaculture industry is supported and recognized
as a growing contributor to the provincial economy with benefits to coastal
communities.
Ensuring that tourism operations are carried out in a sustainable manner and
supporting regional industry partners will help encourage continued growth of the
marine tourism sector.
Supporting local initiatives in coastal communities will help advance economic
diversification and ensure sustainability (e.g. Regional Economic Development
Boards).
Implementation of the provincial Ocean Technology Sector Strategy will help
maximize the ocean technology sectors positive influence on the economy and the
provinces regions.
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 Sustainable management of the provinces mineral and energy resources is
supported to help ensure benefits to future generations and conservation of the
natural environment.
Partnerships with ocean technology companies to explore new technologies can
help develop the provinces renewable resources (e.g. wind energy).
Ensuring an effective and efficient ferry service is important for the economic and
social well-being of the province and isolated communities in terms of economic
success and quality of life.

Coastal Land Use

Context:
There is a need for long-term planning to balance coastal development with
conservation of natural areas in Newfoundland and Labrador. Land use planning is
the responsibility of Provincial, Federal, Municipal, Nunatsiavut, and Inuit Community
Governments, in consultation with the general public. The legislative authority under
which land use planning occurs in the province is the Lands Act and Urban and Rural
Planning Act, 2000. The challenge for coastal planning is that a number of wide
ranging factors must be considered, including environmental, economic, cultural, and
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

social interests; enabling sustainable coastal development; reducing coastal erosion;

and adapting to changing conditions whether natural or human induced.

Issues that have been identified in relation to coastal land use across the province
include traditional access to coastal areas, protection of green space and nature
trails, protection of archaeological and paleontological resources, defining a buffer
zone that protects the coast from the impacts of a changing climate, and limiting
development within a coastal buffer zone. A coordinated approach between
government departments and stakeholders is needed to address these issues. Land
use planning may be guided by a series of policy statements and, for locations where
such an approach might be deemed necessary, mapping processes with zoning and
development regulations through provisions of the Lands Act or Urban and Rural
Planning Act, 2000.

Strategic Objective: The impact of land use activities on the coastal and
ocean environment is better addressed through comprehensive coastal land use
initiatives.

Policy Direction:
A strategy for land use management for the province will provide guidance
for the coordination of land use planning and should take into account the
principles of sustainable development, climate change adaptation, and hazard
preparedness.

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 Provincial land use planning must consider both local and regional interests,
and integration with relevant regional and municipal plans to help ensure
implementation of coastal policies.
Cooperation between provincial departments involved in land use planning in
the province is essential in the establishment of coastal land use priorities and
initiatives.

Competing Needs and Interests

Context:
Conflicts arise when two or more entities desire to use a similar space and time for
activities or when one activity negatively affects or prevents another activity from
occurring. This can impact the marine environment and result in disputes between
resource users related to issues such as access to marine resources, competition for
wharf space, and safe navigation.

Along the provinces coastline there are potential impacts between coastal
development and traditional industries and between new and existing resource
users. This highlights the need for coastal land use planning that considers all users,
as discussed in the previous section. Proactive land use planning under authority
of the Urban and Rural Planning Act, 2000 can help identify and mitigate land use
conflicts.

Consideration for current and future development activities, such as energy and
mineral related exploration and development in coastal and offshore areas and
adjacent lands, should be a component of integrated coastal and ocean management
processes in the province. Future coastal development activities must strive to be
both environmentally and economically sustainable. Finding this balance can be

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

achieved through open dialogue and effective planning.

Strategic Objective: Conflicts pertaining to coastal and ocean areas and

resource use are mitigated and avoided through enhanced consultation and
communication efforts.

Policy Direction:
Establishment of consultation committees or structures can help address
conflicts in areas where multiple users need a forum to share information. Non-
government organizations which provide forums for information exchange for
marine industry users are proven useful in addressing issues resulting from
competing interests.
Economic diversification within the province will continue to be promoted but
with enhanced consultation and communication between industry sectors and
the general public.

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 Coastal and Marine Infrastructure
Context:
Coastal and marine infrastructure supports important social and economic activities
throughout the province. Sufficient infrastructure, particularly wharves, is needed
to support and accommodate multiple users. In some areas, fish harvesting,
aquaculture operations, eco-tourism ventures, ferry services, and recreational
activities must be sustained by the same wharf. Adequate infrastructure can
increase safety, operational efficiency by industry, and economic opportunities.

Strategic Objective: Coastal and marine infrastructure needs are identified and
addressed through collaborative efforts.

Policy Direction:
Collaboration is needed between the private sector, municipalities and Inuit
Community Governments, Nunatsiavut Government, and provincial and federal
departments to identify priority areas for coastal and marine infrastructure
investment.
Where possible, partnerships for funding arrangements will be explored.
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

Prioritizing infrastructure needs in areas where more than one marine industry
must co-exist is required between the federal and provincial departments.

Climate Change
Context:
As a large coastal province, Newfoundland and Labrador will be exposed to a
number of potential impacts of climate change, including sea level rise, increased
storm activity, flooding, coastal erosion, damage to coastal infrastructure, and
changes to the marine ecosystem (e.g. changing water temperatures and currents,
invasive species, and acidification). At the same time, however, climate change
can present new opportunities for Newfoundland and Labrador in, for example,
technology development and environmental monitoring.

The Provincial Government has been moving forward on climate change since 2005
when it released the first Climate Change Action Plan. Approximately half of the 40
action items dealt with climate change adaptation, many of which focused on the
fishery and ocean environment. The Provincial Government is currently updating
the Climate Change Action Plan, which will maintain the provincial governments
commitment to climate change adaptation and will include a number of new
initiatives. It will also outline the provincial governments direction on adaptation in
northern Labrador, fulfilling a commitment from the Northern Strategic Plan.

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Adapting to climate change must be a collaborative effort. Future work carried
out by the province will build on existing initiatives, and be accomplished through
collaboration with Federal Government departments, the Nunatsiavut Government,
local and Inuit community governments, Aboriginal groups as appropriate, non-
government organizations, professional associations, academic institutions, and in
partnership with other provinces where applicable.

Adaptation initiatives to help communities identify increased risk from a changing

climate, assess vulnerabilities and outline measures to adapt are ongoing through
Natural Resources Canadas Regional Adaptation Collaborative Program initiative (e.g.
flood mapping) and the Atlantic Climate Adaptation Solutions Program. This will help
inform planning and development across the province.

Strategic Objective: The effects of climate change on the coastal and ocean
environment, including implications to livelihoods, coastal structures, and coastal
activities, are better understood through enhanced research and awareness.

Policy Direction:
Identify research and knowledge building priorities needed to understand
the impacts and opportunities of climate change in our coastal and ocean
environment.

Strategic Objective: Coastal communities and marine industries are more

resilient to the impacts of climate change by recognizing vulnerabilities and
strengthening the ability to adapt.

Policy Direction:
Collaboration will continue with other levels of government, academic
institutions, communities, and key stakeholders to develop new, and build on

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

existing, best practices to climate change adaptation in the coastal and ocean
environment.

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 Tools For Advancing Integrated Coastal and
Ocean Management
Ocean Technology

Ocean technology is an emerging resource inventories, play a vital

industry sector that contributes to role in integrated coastal and ocean
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

Newfoundland and Labradors economy. management.

This sector works independently and
with other partners to research and The SmartBay Ocean Observation
develop marine products, services, and initiative in Placentia Bay (led by the
expertise for applications in various School of Ocean Technology housed
fields such as ocean engineering, within the Fisheries and Marine
ocean observing systems, marine Institute of Memorial University of
communications, navigation, and coastal Newfoundland) provides stakeholders
and ocean mapping. with access to data and information in
support of effective management and
Ocean technology can be applied to sustainable development of coastal
aid in solving priority coastal issues and ocean areas. The applications of
identified for the province and to SmartBay are varied, ranging from safety,
support integrated management on marine efficiency, and vessel operations
local, regional, national, and international management, to industrial development,
scales. Ocean technology tools such community socio-economics, and
as mapping, geographical information environmental protection. Investments
systems (GIS), remote sensing, and have been made to expand SmartBay.

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Coastal Management Areas (CMAs)

Function and Benefits:

`` Foster relationship building and information exchange between stakeholders and
government.
`` Provide a mechanism to resolve user conflict through integrated management
and consensus-based decision-making.
`` Support sustainable development of coastal and marine resources and encourage
balanced economic growth.
`` Provide an effective mechanism for consultation while respecting issues of
regional concern.
`` Reduce costs associated with public consultation, as an external party can reach a
broader audience and interests in one meeting.
`` Support education and awareness initiatives for coastal issues in a region.
`` Enable more timely decisions in response to regulatory and regional challenges.
`` Obtain better stakeholder and community buy-in when leadership comes from
the community level.

Criteria for Establishment:

`` A lead proponent is willing and able to undertake the administrative functions of
the committee (coordination with Regional Economic Development Boards where
possible).
`` The proponent has identified challenges in a region where multi-stakeholders
would benefit from an integrated management approach.
`` The CMA should incorporate a large geographic area with multiple municipalities
and include a manageable body of water in which stakeholders throughout the
region can participate and/or provide support.

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

`` All major stakeholders in the defined area must be given an opportunity to be
involved in the CMA. A communication strategy would assist in getting active
participation from key groups.

Coordination and Implementation

The Provincial Coastal and Ocean Network (PCON) was created in 2006 to promote
interdepartmental communication and coordination on coastal and ocean matters
within the Provincial Government. Chaired by the Department of Fisheries and
Aquaculture, PCON consists of ten provincial departments, three executive council
agencies, and one crown corporation with policies or programs related to coastal
areas. The network provided advice and input into development of the Strategy
to ensure it is in line with other provincial initiatives. Appendix C identifies the
Provincial Government departments, agencies, and crown corporation that
participate on PCON and outlines their role in coastal and ocean management.

As the lead department for coastal and ocean policy coordination, the Department
of Fisheries and Aquaculture will liaise with Fisheries and Oceans Canada and other
federal departments on issues related to integrated coastal and ocean management.
In doing so, PCON offers a venue for other provincial departments to provide input
into the federal decision-making process related to ocean management in the
province.

18
CoastaL Strategy
 It is intended that coordination of activities and initiatives will be facilitated by the
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture through PCON. Collaboration with other
government departments and partners will assist in the development of action items
to address coastal and ocean issues. While doing so it is important to realize that
priorities may evolve over time and actions or policies must be flexible in order to
deal with new or emerging issues and opportunities.

The Government of Newfoundland and Labrador will honour its obligations under the
Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement (LILCA), which provides for a marine zone and
certain obligations attached to that zone. The Province will consult other Aboriginal
organizations as appropriate in developing and implementing the Strategy.

Conclusion
Coastal and ocean resources are immensely important to our provinces history,
current well-being, and future prosperity. The Strategy will help guide and facilitate
provincial action towards a coordinated and strategic approach to coastal and ocean
management.
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

This Strategy provides an approach to increasing integrated coastal and ocean

management capacity and overarching guidance for policy development in relation to
coastal and ocean activities and resource use across the province, while highlighting
priority areas for action. The existing roles, responsibilities, and programs of relevant
Provincial Government departments are to be maintained, supported, and enhanced
through this Strategy and policy framework. Successful implementation of the
Strategy and policy framework relies on existing government policy and management
of activities on or near the coastal and ocean environment. A coordinated
approach between responsible agencies will be required for long-term success.
The Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture will coordinate and monitor the
outcomes of this Strategy against the identified goals and objectives to determine its
effectiveness in promoting integrated coastal and ocean management and addressing
its priority issues once coordination of action planning is implemented.

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CoastaL Strategy
Appendix A

Coastal and Ocean Governance Structures in Newfoundland and Labrador

hh The Regional Oversight Committee on Oceans Management (ROCOM) is the main

governance body to advance coastal and ocean planning in the province and is comprised
of Federal and Provincial Government senior representatives. The committee provides high
level strategic direction on current and emerging coastal and ocean issues in Newfoundland
and Labrador and facilitates integration at the intergovernmental level.

hh The Canada - Newfoundland and Labrador Committee on Coastal and Oceans

Management (CNLCOM) acts under the direction of ROCOM and is a forum to facilitate
information exchange between governments and across departments, strengthen existing
processes, and avoid duplication of efforts.

hh Large Ocean Management Areas (LOMAs) are part of the Government of Canadas
approach to integrated management under Canadas Oceans Strategy (2002). LOMA
committees are comprised of Federal and Provincial Government representatives and
key stakeholders, facilitating coordination and information exchange. They support
research, conservation, and sustainable resource use in the region. Two LOMAs border
Newfoundland and Labrador:
1. Placentia Bay/Grand Banks (PB/GB) LOMA
2. Gulf of St. Lawrence Integrated Management (GOSLIM) LOMA

hh Coastal Management Areas (CMAs) were established by Fisheries and Oceans Canada,
with support from the Provincial Government, to enable communities to play a stronger
role in coastal and ocean management issues affecting their region. CMA committees are
comprised of communities, businesses, local industries, and other stakeholders, and provide
capacity for dealing with local and regional issues. Five CMA committees currently exist in
Newfoundland and Labrador and are located within LOMA boundaries:
1. Placentia Bay Integrated Management Planning Committee
2. Coast of Bays Coastal Planning Committee
3. Great Northern Peninsula Integrated Coastal Zone Management Steering Committee
4. Bay St. George/Port au Port Marine and Coastal Resources Steering Committee
5. Atlantic Coastal Action Plan (ACAP) Humber Arm Environmental Association -
Bay of Islands

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 Appendix B

Coastal and Ocean Issues Scans (2007 and 2008) Recommendations

In an effort to reflect the views and ideas of Newfoundlanders and Labradorians, consultations
were conducted across the province in 2007 and 2008 to identify the coastal issues most
important to the provinces regions. Support was voiced for increased education and awareness
and the development of a strong and effective provincial coastal and oceans management strategy.
The following over-arching issues were identified:

Integrated Management: the use of integrated management tools should be supported, encouraged,
and facilitated as a means to address coastal and ocean management with engagement of non-
government resources such as environmental groups and the research community.

Education and Awareness: understanding and recognizing the value of the coasts and ocean to the
province, whether social, cultural, economic, recreational, historical, or aesthetic should be enhanced
through education and awareness at all levels.

A Healthy Marine Environment: issues affecting the health and quality of the marine environment
are priorities for coastal communities. Increased education and awareness, enforcement, and
development and implementation of cost-effective technologies can help address issues impacting the
marine environment.

Social, Cultural and Economic Sustainability: resources are needed to implement initiatives to enable
continued sustainability in coastal communities and to bring the necessary innovation in governance,
economic diversification, and environmental awareness.

Coastal Land Use: land use planning for coastal lands is essential in order to respect and manage the
many demands on coastal areas and marine ecosystems.

Coastal and Marine Infrastructure: an assessment of marine infrastructure is required for the province
to provide a basis for informed, practical, cost-effective, and collaborative initiatives to address
infrastructure needs.

Competing Needs and Interests: efforts are needed to alleviate user conflict which results from
competition for wharf space and marine resources, and reduced traditional access to the coast.

Climate Change: consideration should be given to climate change impacts (positive and negative) in
coastal and ocean management. More information, research and awareness raising efforts are needed
to thoroughly understand the implications for coastal and ocean areas, the livelihoods of coastal
residents, coastal structures, and economic, recreational and cultural activities.

Using the recommendations from the consultation reports, a discussion paper was jointly released
by the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture and the Department of Environment and
Conservation in July 2010, outlining the Provincial Governments approach to coastal and ocean
management. This included a vision, goals, principles, and an overview of the six priority areas.
Feedback received from the general public and interested stakeholders was incorporated into the
Strategy. Consultation documents can be found at www.fishaq.gov.nl.ca/publications.

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APPENDIX C

Provincial Coastal and Ocean Network (PCON) members and associated coastal and ocean related roles,
responsibilities, and legislation.

Coastal/
Department/ Coastal/Ocean Related Roles
Key Coastal Priorities Ocean Related
Agency and Responsibilities
Legislation
Fisheries and Lead for integrated coastal and ocean Collaboration and Professional Fish
Aquaculture management initiatives in the province Governance; Harvesters Act;
and strategy and policy framework Education and Awareness; Aquaculture Act and
implementation. Healthy Marine Regulations; Fisheries
Lead regulatory authority on aquaculture and Environments; Act; Fish Inspection
in supporting aquaculture development and Social, Cultural and Act; Fish Processing
management policy. Economic Sustainability; Licensing Board Act
Oversees fish plant licencing and inspection. Competing Needs and
Fosters development of fishery and Interests; and
aquaculture sectors, including marketing and Coastal and Marine
product development initiatives. Infrastructure

Environment and Lead in climate change adaptation programs. Education and Awareness; Environmental
Conservation Jurisdictional responsibility for provincial Healthy Marine Protection Act;
environmental assessment process. Environments; Environmental
Responsible for the protection and Social, Cultural and Assessment Act;
enhancement of the environment and the Economic Sustainability; Provincial Parks
management of the provinces wildlife; inland Coastal Land Use; Act; Wilderness
fish, water, provincial parks, wilderness Competing Needs and and Ecological
and ecological reserves, and Crown Land Interests; and Reserves Act; Waste
resources. Climate Change Management Act;
Responsible for development and Water Resources
coordination of land use plans and Act; Lands Act;
sustainable land use policy. Endangered Species
Act; Wildlife Act
Natural Resources Responsible under the Accords Acts for Social, Cultural and Canada
offshore oil and gas exploration, development Economic Sustainability; Newfoundland
and production. Coastal Land Use; Atlantic Accord
Responsible for developing and implementing Competing Needs and Implementation Act;
the Provincial Energy Plan. Interests; and Climate Canada-
Promotes and facilitates development of the Change Newfoundland
provinces mineral and energy resources. and Labrador
Houses the Geological Survey Division which Atlantic Accord
maps bedrock and subsoil geology of coastal Implementation
areas. Newfoundland Act

Tourism, Culture Supports sustainable economic growth in Social, Cultural and Historic Resources
and Recreation the tourism and cultural industries, including Economic Sustainability; Act; Rooms Act;
market and product development. and Coastal Land Use; Tourist Establishment
Preserves the provinces cultural heritage and Act; Cruise Ship
historic resources. Authority Act
Protects and manages archaeological and
palaeontological resources, including those
along the coastline and underwater.
Responsible for preserving cultural heritage
and designation of Provincial Heritage Sites
and Provincial Historic Sites.

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 Coastal/
Department/ Coastal/Ocean Related Roles
Key Coastal Priorities Ocean Related
Agency and Responsibilities
Legislation
Innovation, Responsible for the Oceans Technology Collaboration and Economic
Trade and Rural platform. Governance; Diversification and
Development Supports regional development and economic Education and Awareness; Growth Enterprises
diversification. and Social, Cultural and Act
Responsible for designation and financial Economic Sustainability
support of Regional Economic Development
Boards.
Administers youth-themed programs as part
of the Innovation Strategy which encourages
interest in oceans.

Municipal Affairs Responsible for the Urban and Rural Planning Coastal Land Use; and Municipalities Act
Act, 2000, which provides for the making Coastal and Marine
of provincial land use policies, allows for Infrastructure
the preparation of a range of planning
documents, and provides for their approval
and implementation.

Transportation and Responsible for the intra-provincial ferry Social, Cultural and Works, Services and
Works service. Economic Sustainability; Transportation Act
Responsible for land based infrastructure and Coastal and Marine
within coastal communities and/or providing Infrastructure
access to coastal communities.
Works with Federal Government on port
divestiture program and environmental
remediation in outdated or damaged sites.

Labrador and Ensures that Labrador and Aboriginal groups Social, Cultural and
Aboriginal Affairs in the province as a whole are not negatively Economic Sustainability
affected by new policies, changes to
legislation or changes to government services.
Lead authority in negotiating land claims
agreements with the Inuit and Innu Nations.

Finance Prepare reports that estimate the value of

coastal and ocean resources in Newfoundland
and Labrador.

Education Responsible for all aspects of K-12 and Education and Awareness;
post-secondary education in the province, and Social, Cultural and
including curriculum and programs, and Economic Sustainability
education and policy direction.
Contributes to a number of government-wide
initiatives.

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 Coastal/
Department/ Coastal/Ocean Related Roles
Key Coastal Priorities Ocean Related
Agency and Responsibilities
Legislation
Executive Council: Works to ensure that rural and regional Collaboration and
Rural Secretariat voices are brought into policy and decision- Governance;
making process. Education and Awareness;
Designates regional councils to examine Healthy Marine
feasibility and future planning for various Environments; and
municipalities. Social, Cultural and
Provides support to collaborative processes Economic Sustainability
and structures.
Assists departments to design and deliver
public engagement efforts important to rural
sustainability.
Works with departments and partners to
develop community-based research initiatives
to help people effectively make decisions
and/or provide policy advice.
Executive Council: Responsible for provincial climate change Climate Change
Office of Climate strategy and policy development, which
Change, Energy includes developing and overseeing a new
Efficiency, and Climate Change Action Plan, a greenhouse
Emissions Trading gas strategy, and a five-year energy efficiency
strategy.

Executive Council: Leads intergovernmental policies and Collaboration and

Intergovernmental strategies, and monitors and coordinates Governance
Affairs Secretariat interdepartmental initiatives to ensure their
consistent application.
Along with Justice, is involved in providing
the analysis on jurisdictional issues related to
ocean and coastal management and policy
development.
Cooperates with other provincial
departments in collaborative efforts with the
federal government and other provinces and
territories.
Research and Promotes and facilitates the advancement Education and Awareness;
Development of research expertise through a suite of and Social, Cultural and
Corporation programs for research and development Economic Sustainability
projects relevant to the ocean industry and
geared towards academic and industry.
Administers Ocean Industries Student
Research Awards.

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Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
P.O. Box 8700, St. Johns, NL A1B 4J6

t. 709-729-1140
f. 709-729-6082
e. [email protected]

www.fishaq.gov.nl.ca