Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Urban Profile

Regional and Technical Cooperation Division
PAPUA NEW GUINEA:

PORT MORESBY
Urban PROFILE
1
Port Moresby Urban Profile
Copyright United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), 2010
All rights reserved
United Nations Human Settlements Programme publications can be obtained from
UN-HABITAT Regional and Information Offices or directly from:
P.O.Box 30030, GPO 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
Fax: + (254 20) 762 4266/7
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This report was prepared by Angela Mageto, Kenneth Asatoa, Amanda Binoka, Kemo Pepena, Jacklyn Taranu, Daisy Baur,
Wesley Yanum, and Benjiman Vagi with information collected through interviews with key urban actors in Port Moresby.
This project and report was managed by Max Kep and supported by Wesley J. Aruga, with critical inputs provided by Chris
Radford, staff in UN HABITATS Regional Office for Asia and Pacific and UN-HABITAT Urban Profiling team in Nairobi,
Kenya.
HS Number: HS/1259/09E
ISBN Number: 978-92-1-132241-5
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opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory,
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or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations of the report do not necessarily reflect the views
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Member States. Excerpts from this publication may be reproduced without authorisation, on condition that the source is
indicated.
Photo credits: Office of Urbanization
Acknowledgements
Design and Layout: Kerstin Sommer and Florence Kuria
2
PAPUA NEW GUINEA:
PORT MORESBY
Urban PROFILE
United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional and Technical cooperation Division
Table of contents
Forewords 5
Executive summary 8
Background 10
GOVERNANCE 16
Slums 22
GENDER AND HIV/AIDS 28
ENVIRONMENT 34
LAW AND ORDER 38
LAND 42
Project proposals
GOVERNANCE 19
Slums 25
Gender and HIV/aids 31
Environment 36
LAW AND ORDER 40
LAND 45
3
44
Forewords
According to As part of our drive to address this crisis, UN-HABITAT

research published is working with the European Commission and the
in UN-HABITATs1 Brussels-based Secretariat of the African, Caribbean
flagship report, The and Pacific (ACP) Group to support sustainable urban
State of the Worlds development. Given the urgent and diverse needs, we
Cities 2010-2011, found it necessary to develop a tool for rapid assessment
all developing and strategic planning to guide immediate, mid and
regions, including long-term interventions. And here we have it in the
the African, form of this series of publications.
Caribbean and
Pacific states, will The Participatory Slum Upgrading Programme is based
have more people on the policy dialogue between UN-HABITAT, the
living in urban than ACP Secretariat and the European Commission which
rural areas by the dates back to the year 2002. When the three parties met
year 2030. With at UN-HABITAT headquarters in June 2009, more
half the worlds than 200 delegates from over 50 countries approved a
population already living in urban areas, the challenges resounding call on the international community to pay
we face in the battle against urban poverty, our quest for greater attention to these urbanization matters, and to
cities without slums, for cities where women feel safer, extend the slum upgrading programme to all countries
for inclusive cities with power, water and sanitation, in the ACP Group.
and affordable transport, for better planned cities, and
for cleaner, greener cities is daunting. It is worth recalling here how grateful we are that the
European Commissions 9th European Development
But as this series shows, there are many interesting Fund for ACP countries provided EUR 4 million (USD
solutions and best practices to which we can turn. After 5.7 million at June 2011 rates) to enable UN-HABITAT
all, the figures tell us that during the decade 2000 to to conduct the programme which now serves 59 cities
2010, a total of 227 million people in the developing in 23 African countries, and more than 20 cities in six
countries moved out of slum conditions. In other Pacific, and four Caribbean countries.
words, governments, cities and partner institutions have
collectively exceeded the slum target of the Millennium Indeed, since its inception in 2008, the slum upgrading
Development Goals twice over and ten years ahead of programme has achieved the confidence of partners at
the agreed 2020 deadline. city and country level in Africa, the Caribbean and in
the Pacific. It is making a major contribution aimed
Asia and the Pacific stood at the forefront of successful at helping in urban poverty reduction efforts, as each
efforts to reach the slum target, with all governments report in this series shows."
in the region improving the lives of an estimated 172
million slum dwellers between 2000 and 2010. I wish to express my gratitude to the European
Commission and the ACP Secretariat for their
In sub-Saharan Africa though, the total proportion of commitment to this slum upgrading programme. I
the urban population living in slums has decreased by have every confidence that the results outlined in this
only 5 per cent (or 17 million people). Ghana, Senegal, profile, and others, will serve to guide the development
Uganda, and Rwanda were the most successful countries of responses for capacity building and investments in
in the sub-region, reducing the proportions of slum the urban sector.
dwellers by over one-fifth in the last decade.
Further, I would like to thank each Country Team for
Some 13 per cent of the progress made towards the their continued support to this process which is essential
global slum target occurred in Latin America and the for the successful implementation of the Participatory
Caribbean, where an estimated 30 million people have Slum Upgrading Programme.
moved out of slum conditions since the year 2000.
Yet, UN-HABITAT estimates confirm that the progress
made on the slum target has not been sufficient to counter
the demographic expansion in informal settlements in
the developing world. In this sense, efforts to reduce the
numbers of slum dwellers are neither satisfactory nor
adequate.
forewordS
Dr. Joan Clos

Executive Director, UN-HABITAT
1 UN-HABITAT - United Nations Human Settlements Programme
5 5
As more and study uses a well structured approach where priority
more countries intervention projects are agreed through consultative
in the Pacific are processes.
urbanizing, the cities
and town authorities The Urban Profiling methodology consists of three
are confronted with phases: the first phase is an assessment of key urban
the task of meeting issues at the local levels, focusing on Governance, Basic
the demands of Urban Services, Informal Settlements, Gender and
the growing urban HIV/AIDS, and Land.
population. The second phase involves feasibility studies on priority
These urbanization projects identified in the study and policy development
challenges require as well as training on settlement upgrading and urban
comprehensive and sustainable Urban Governance and service improvements, local leadership training, and
Management Systems and Strategies. Both national management. The third phase of the project involves
and local urban authorities are unable to cope with the implementation of these priority projects.
increasing pressures on urban services. The Urban Profiles will provide a framework for
The local urban governments lack financial and National, Local and Urban Actors, as well as Donors
management capacities to respond to the proliferation and External Support Agencies.
of sub-standard developments and the rising levels of
urban poverty among the poor urban communities.
The UNDP has supported UN-HABITAT in this project
because it contributes to the Millennium Development
Goals (MDG), Target 11 to reduce urban poverty
through effective urban governance. The objective of
this Urban Profiling study is to develop urban poverty
reduction policies at local levels. Dr. Jacquie Badcock
UN Resident Coordinator
The study is based on analysis of existing data and a United Nations - PNG
series of interviews with all relevant urban stakeholders,
including local communities and institutions, civil
society, the private sector, development partners,
academics, and others.
The Urban Profiling is an assessment of needs and
capacity building gaps at the local and national levels.
This project is currently being implemented in over 20
countries globally.
In the Pacific region, this project has been piloted in
PNG and Port Moresby, Goroka and Kokopo cities
have been selected for this study. The Urban Profiling
ForewordS
66
Though Papua The Urban Profiling Study has already high-lighted the
New Guinea is citys institutional capacity gaps which I hope donor
one of the least partners can support.
urbanized countries
in the world, there The National Capital District Commission has already
is a growing and embarked on developing its urban development strategies
irreversible trend of in an attempt to address the current urbanization
urban migration. challenges; I would welcome a further intervention
from UNDP and UN-HABITAT to support our
According to endeavours.
the 1990 census
only 15% of the
population was
resident in urban areas. Nevertheless, at 4.3% annual Honorable Powes Pakop. MP
growth, the urban population is increasing at almost Governor
double the national average. At this rate, by the year
National Capital District Commission
2020, 27% of the countrys population will be living in
cities and towns.
This urbanization trend is not seen as a potential
stimulator of growth, but as the cause of problems
such as expansion of spontaneous informal settlements,
incidents of high unemployment rates, alienated
and delinquent youth, violent crimes and drugs, and
alcohol abuse. This unfortunate trend is the result of
uncontrolled rural-urban migration caused by weak
governance. National policies regarding balanced rural
and urban development, urbanization, local economic
investments and development, social development,
poverty reduction, basic services, and social amenities
or crime prevention have not been fully implemented.
Port Moresby is the national capital and the seat of
the government. Like many other cities and towns in
Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby is confronted with
issues directly related with rapid urbanization and the
National Capital District Commission lacks resources
to manage this increasing urban growth and the
problems associated with it. The intervention by the
United Nations, for which I commend the UNDP and
UN-HABITAT, is timely as the local governments are
beginning to assume more responsibilities.
The Urban Profiling study will no doubt improve
Port Moresby current performances and its efforts in
responding to urban poverty through improved service
provision, particularly improved water supply, sanitation
ForewordS
and provision of essential infrastructure services.
7 7
Executive summary
Introduction Background
The Urban Profiling is an accelerated and action-oriented Port Moresby is the capital city of PNG and is the
urban assessment of needs and capacity-building at the main administrative, commercial and education centre
city level. It is currently being implemented in over 20 of the country. It has a population of a little over
countries in Africa and the Arab States. Urban Profiling 400,000 with an average density of 16 persons per
uses a structured approach where priority interventions hectare. It developed based on its historical and strategic
are agreed upon through consultative processes. The considerations. The main economic activities in Port
Urban Profiling methodology consists of three phases: Moresby are in the service industry. The unemployment
(1) a rapid participatory urban profiling, at national rate in Port Moresby is high with more than 50% of the
and local levels, focusing on governance, slums, unemployed in settlements and urban villages. Most of
gender and HIV/AIDS, environment, and proposed these people participate in some form of informal sector
interventions; (2) detailed priority proposals; and (3) activities.
executive summary
project implementation. This is the Port Moresby report

which constitutes a general background, a synthesis of 60% of the total land area in Port Moresby is alienated
6 themes namely governance, shelter and settlements, or state land while 40% is under customary ownership.
gender and HIV/AIDS, environment, land, law and The availability of basic urban services like water, energy,
order, and priority project proposals. sewerage network, and sanitation and refuse collection
is varied between the formal areas and the informal and
settlement areas. While formal areas are often serviced,
some people who live in settlements often resort to
88
illegal means to access basic services. Public transport to hinder womens participation in development.
needs improvement and the existing road network is Cultural biases and commercial sex increases the
poorly maintained particularly in the suburban and vulnerability to STIs and the risk of HIV/AIDS. There
settlement areas. Health care and education facilities is an urgent need to develop and implement policies that
although available are sometimes run-down and poorly advocate changes in attitude, promote gender equality
resourced. and reduce the prevalence of HIV/AIDS.
Port Moresby is set to expand due to its strategic location
and strong trade agreements with its neighboring ENVIRONMENT
countries in the Asia Pacific region.
Port Moresby is experiencing rapid population growth
coupled with weak frameworks for environmental
regulation and implementation. Environmental
GOVERNANCE deterioration of marine and terrestrial assets is a serious
The governance system in Port Moresby comprises an problem affecting the city. Strategic environmental
appointed body (the NCDC) as the city authority. It planning and management is urgently needed, along
is responsible to the Ministry of Inter-Government with greater coordination and enforcement of existing
Relations. The Motu Koita Assembly administers environmental policies and standards.
and controls the Motu Koitabu areas of the city. The
Governor who is the elected Regional member is
also the Chairman of the NCDC. For the most part, LAND
the Commissioners are not accountable to the citys
The fact that most developable land in Port Moresby
population. This leadership does not generally promote
is under customary ownership tends to be the main
civil participation or create accountability frameworks
constraint to the mobilisation of vacant land for
for overall management. The NCDC must modernize
urban development. The lack of cooperation between
in favour of a more effective service provision for
the NCDC and Department of Lands and Physical
the city residents and provide a way for community
Planning (DLPP) results in conflicting planning
participation in urban decision making. Such efforts
and land decisions. One way to improve the current
would involve the city residents in a meaningful way
situation is to transfer land powers from the national
and convey a vision that is clear enough to win the
level to the city authority. There is an urgent need to
peoples confidence and ensure their participation in the
launch a customary landowners awareness campaign.
development of an attractive city for all.
A tracking or retrieval system with the DLPP would
make it more accountable to its clients and the general
public.
SHELTER AND SETTLEMENTS
About 45% of Port Moresby total population lives in
settlements. There are 20 planned settlements and 79 Law and order
unplanned settlements. 44 unplanned settlements are on
Law and Order problems have a constraining effect on
state land and 37 are on customary land. The growth of
Port Moresby and are a result of disparities between
these settlements is the result of uncontrolled migration
income groups. The movement of residents is restricted
and population growth and the governments failure
and there are no go zones which can only be accessed
to provide affordable housing and developable land
with heavy security protection. The Royal Papua
executive summary
supply to meet increased demand. These settlements are

New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC) is perceived
characterized by a lack of planning, poor infrastructure
as undisciplined, corrupt and ineffective and needs
and a lack of urban services.
considerable strengthening and improvement. The
judicial system and Correctional Institutional Services
(CIS) are also weak. The law and order situation has
GENDER AND HIV/AIDS received adverse publicity overseas and has posed a
In spite of some positive approaches taken to combat deterrent to foreign investors and tourism.
gender inequality, social and cultural constraints continue
99
Background
INTRODUCTION Phase two builds on the priorities identified through

pre-feasibility studies and develops detailed capacity
The Urban Profiling is a rapid, action-oriented building and capital investment projects.
assessment of urban conditions, focusing on priorities,
capacity gaps, and existing institutional responses Phase three implements the projects developed
at the local and national levels. The purpose of the during the two earlier phases, with an emphasis on
study is to develop urban poverty reduction policies skills development, institutional strengthening and
at local, national, and regional levels, through an replication.
assessment of needs and response mechanisms, and as
a contribution to the wider-ranging implementation This report presents the outcomes of Urban Profiling
of the Millennium Development Goals. The study Phase One at the local level in Port Moresby.
is based on an analysis of existing data and a series
of interviews with all relevant urban stakeholders,
including local communities and institutions, civil Urban Profiling in PORT
societies, the private sector, development partners, MORESBY
academics, and others. This consultation typically Urban Profiling in Port Moresby is one of the three
results in a collective agreement on priorities and similar exercises conducted in PNG, besides those in
their integration into proposed capacity-building and Kokopo, situated in East New Britain Province, and
other projects, all aimed at urban poverty reduction. Goroka, situated in Eastern Highlands Province. Each
The Urban Profiling is being implemented in over 20 urban profile is published as a separate report.
African and Arab countries, offering an opportunity for
comparative regional analysis. Once completed, this Port Moresby is also known as the National Capital
series of studies will provide a blueprint for central and District (NCD) and its governing body is the National
local authorities and urban actors, as well as donors Capital District Commission (NCDC). NCDC
and external support agencies. representatives participated in the national and city
consultation processes, a partnership platform co-
developed with PNGs Ministry of Inter-government
Methodology Relations, Ministry of Community Development,
Ministry of Lands and Physical Planning, statutory
The Urban Profiling consists of three phases:
authorities such as the National Housing Corporation,
Phase one consists of rapid profiling of urban conditions and national and international NGOs. The aim is to
port moresby URBAN profile - background
at national and local levels. The capital city, a medium develop options for formal inter-agency collaboration
size city and a small town are selected and studied to in order to create a coordination body integrating a
provide a representative sample in each country. In the wide range of urban stakeholders in a single response
case of PNG, the capital city and two small cities have mechanism.
been selected. For Port Moresby the analysis focuses on
six themes: governance, shelter and settlements, gender
and HIV/AIDS, the environment, land, and law and Report structure
order. Information is collected through standard This report consists of:
interviews and discussions with institutions and key
informants, in order to assess the strengths, weaknesses, a general background of the urban sector in
opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the national Port Moresby, based on the findings of the Port
and local urban set-ups. The findings are presented Moresby assessment report, a desk study, interviews,
and refined during city and national consultation and on-going NCD Urban Development Plan
workshops and consensus is reached regarding priority consultations that were held in Port Moresby in the
interventions. National and city reports synthesise the course of the year 2007. The background includes
information collected and outline ways forward to data on administration, urban planning, economy,
reduce urban poverty through holistic approaches. the informal and private sectors, urban poverty,
infrastructure, water, sanitation, public transport,
energy, health and education;
10
10
a synthetic assessment of six main areas governance, a SWOT analysis and an outline of priority project
shelter and slums, gender and HIV/AIDS, proposals for each theme. The proposals include
environment, land, and law and order in terms beneficiaries, partners, estimated costs, objectives
of the institutional set-up, regulatory framework, and activities.
resource mobilisation, and performance. This second
section also highlights agreed priorities and includes
a list of identified projects; and
1111
DEVELOPMENT OF PORT MORESBY Urban planning
Port Moresby is the capital city of Papua New Guinea. The Physical Planning Act of 1989 places planning
It is the major urbanized centre in the country thus a responsibilities on physical planning boards. There is an
main attraction for migration. Being the administrative independent NCD Physical Planning Board (NCDPPB)
centre for the country, Port Moresby benefits from for Port Moresby. The support unit for the NCDPPB is
substantial investment in infrastructure and physical part of the NCDC staff structure and the Commission
development. There are seven urban villages generally is represented on the Board. The NCDC is responsible
located along the coastal strip. As the built-up area of the to the Board for the preparation of development plans
city expands to accommodate the increase in population and assessment of development proposals.
and economic growth, there is a threat to the traditional
way of life of the local villagers. The demand for land for There is a zoning plan but this only relates to the formal
expansion is mounting. Because of its strategic location built up part of the city and excludes extensive peripheral
Port Moresby is set to expand and at a much higher rate areas. Settlements development is taking place ad hoc
with the onset of a favorable global economic climate and is largely uncontrolled.
and the National Governments strengthening of trade The NCDC has recently established a strategic planning
agreements with its neighboring countries in the Asia- section. A draft NCD Urban Development Plan has
Pacific Region. recently been completed and is waiting final approval.
The Plan contains a vision as well as broad policies
and proposals for the entire city. It identifies 14 local
Administration planning areas for more detailed planning. Only one
Political interference affects Port Moresby and its Local Development Plan has so far been completed.
capacity to respond to the needs of its residents and
The NCDC faces real challenges. There is a shortage
the private sector. There have been changes made to
of planning professionals and a backlog of Local Plans
the system of governance from the national level and
to prepare. Increasing pressure from the rising informal
administrative performance has been compromised
sector poses a further challenge, as does the exclusion of
because of political influence in administrative matters.
settlement dwellers from planning processes. Corporate
There is weak capacity in various areas of the NCDC
and urban planning is not integrated and urban
due to cronyism and nepotism, limiting the councils
planning does not get the recognition or resources it
ability to effectively provide essential services. Capacity
needs to address these challenges.
building and staff development has traditionally been
given low priority and there is no training policy. Members of the NCDPPB do not always follow
Liaison and coordination is poor within the NCDC professional advice and approved policies in their
organization and its relationship with all stakeholders decision making, even though good guidelines for
needs considerable improvement. Executive managers decision making have been provided in the form of a
in particular have fallen victim to political interference, comprehensive handbook.
leading to high turnover which has, in turn, led to a
lack of continuity, loss of direction and a lowering of Frequently, there is political influence at the national
staff morale. level in planning decisions, which undermines efforts
to attain balanced and sustainable development.
Insufficient emphasis is given to forward planning in Environmental planning must play a crucial role in
the NCDC. Corporate planning is weak as funding the sustainability of the city and the surrounding
priorities are often determined by political agendas and environment.
strategic urban planning is marginalized. Emphasis has
been on funding major engineering projects unrelated The complexities surrounding the mobilization of
to urban development plans, while community level customary land poses additional challenges to attaining
needs have been largely neglected. balanced development and this is discussed in more
detail later in this document.
There is a need for stronger corporate planning in the
NCDC, linked to strategic physical planning and social
policies and programmes. Capacity building and staff
development should be given higher priority.
12
12
Economic situation URBAN POVERTY
The economy in Port Moresby is dominated by the PNG does not have an official basis for measuring the
tertiary sector. This reflects the role of Port Moresby as level of urban poverty. Poverty is measured either by
the main administrative centre and the main point for the level of consumption, the level of income or both.
import of manufactured products. Besides the activities Port Moresby is far better than other urban areas of the
defined in the Public Services Act, wholesale and retail country in terms of poverty severity. Settlement residents
activities together with restaurants and hotels make up are able to meet their basic needs and most informal
the main service activities in Port Moresby. settlement dwellers carry out subsistence farming to
supplement their household food supply.
There is very little large scale manufacturing in Port
Moresby. The main industries range from building
and construction to brewery, clothing and printing Urban infrastructure and
presses. The recent establishment of an oil refinery and
a dry-dock should result in some increase in direct and basic services
indirect employment through spin-off businesses. The There are obvious disparities in the distribution of urban
unemployment rate in Port Moresby is considerably infrastructure and basic services between the formal areas
higher than in other urban centres of PNG. A high and the settlements. While formal areas are serviced, the
percentage of the unemployed are those with no formal settlements, because of their unplanned status, often do
education or education up to primary school level. not have access to many basic services. Some people who
More than 50% of unemployed persons are found in live in settlements access services illegally; the burden of
settlements and urban villages. However, this is not to payment is borne by rate-payers in the formal areas. The
say that they are not involved in other income generating existing road network is poorly maintained and while
activities as most of these people participate in informal access to health care and education is available, the
sector activities. facilities are often run-down and poorly resourced.
Informal and private sectors WATER

In Port Moresby, the informal sector employs the bulk Port Moresby is much drier than most parts of Papua
of the population. Without the informal sector, many New Guinea which enjoy high annual rainfall ensuring
people would not be able to earn a living. Informal a constant supply of water.

sector activities range from selling/distributing
goods such as betel nuts and cigarettes to handcrafts Most of the water supply is provided by Eda Ranu Water
and shoe shining and repair. The Informal Sector and Sewerage Company. Residents also obtain water
Control and Development Act aims to regulate and from underground bore holes. Within some informal
promote the growth of the informal sector. However, settlements, water is available from randomly placed
the implementation of the Act has not been very communal standpipes with very few having individual
successful. connections. However, most of these standpipes have
been vandalized and poorly maintained and as a result,
The private sector is a valuable development partner water supply to these settlements has been disconnected.
in Port Moresby and contributes to a significant share This has led to the development of many illegal water
of the GDP. The National Government is striving to connections in these settlements.
create a conducive environment for the private sector
to expand by reducing bureaucratic and other socio-
economic obstacles. The NCDC is also working on
strengthening its relations with the private sector.
1313
Sanitation and refuse the harbour, two ferries travel between the main wharf
and the refinery at 10 minute intervals. There are no
collection
proper docking facilities for passenger vessels coming
All formal areas are connected to the sewerage network from other provinces.
administered by Eda Ranu Water and Sewerage
Company. Informal settlements do not have linkages to
the sewerage network and therefore they use alternative Street lighting
outlets such as pit latrines and direct disposal into the
Provision of street lighting throughout the city varies
sea, bushes, drains or waterways which leads to pollution
considerably, from non-existent on some residential
of the environment.
streets to well-lit on arterial roads. There is no street
The collection of refuse within the city is the responsibility lighting in the settlements. Most streetlights are in
of the NCDC. There is a set schedule for refuse collection working order. Some residential streets in the formal
in the city, however, the actual collection is not reliable housing areas lacking street lights are lit by security
and consistent. Although NCDC undertakes to service lights on individual properties.
all parts of the city, a lack of common collection points
and safety problems in the informal settlements has
disadvantaged these areas. Therefore, the collection Sources of energy
of refuse is limited to the formal areas, urban villages PNG Power which administers the national grid
and safer settlements. In areas where there are no provides electricity to the city primarily through its
refuse collection services, residents dispose their refuse hydro complex outside the city boundary supplemented
haphazardly causing degradation of the environment. by thermal and diesel sub-stations 24 hours a day.
PNG Power has prioritized to further increase hydro
resources and eventually replace fossil fuels. PNG
Public transport Power is investigating two new sources just outside Port
Buses or Public Motor Vehicles (PMV) are the main Moresby. Fossil fuel, in the form of diesel and petrol, are
form of motorized public transport and there is a strong being consumed at a large scale in the transport sector.
dependence on them. PMV routes generally follow the In settlements, wood is the widely used source of fuel for
major road pattern. PMVs are privately owned and are cooking and lighting followed by kerosene, Liquefied
managed by a national regulatory authority, the Land Petroleum Gas and electricity. Candles are also widely
Transport Management Board, which sets the fares. The used for lighting. The harvesting of firewood has led to
buses do not operate after sunset. depletion of trees in some areas in Port Moresby.
Privately owned taxis are an alternative form of transport PNG Power indiscriminately supplies electricity within
and are becoming increasingly popular. the city based on a user-pay system. However, there are
cases of people with electricity connection in informal
PMVs are badly managed and controlled and are a settlements on the fringes of residential areas entering
disruption to traffic. PMV drivers are undisciplined, the into agreements with other settlers to extend connection
condition of vehicles is substandard, passenger comfort to them at some fee.
is ignored, the standards of dressing of the transport crew
is poor, and often designated routes are not followed.
There are similar problems with taxis in relation to
vehicle condition, passenger comfort, conduct of the
drivers, and standards of dressing.
There is a clear need for more effective management and
control over PMVs and taxis. Port Moresby has a limited
level of maritime public transport and local villagers
who come to sell their catch at the local markets daily
have only two locations to moor their banana boats.
With the Napa Napa oil refinery on the other side of
14
14
Health on new or upgraded arterial roads. This has led to the
neglect of distributor and local access roads, resulting
The most common diseases in Port Moresby are malaria, in their deterioration. There is little strategic planning
tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). for road upgrading and maintenance. At present there
HIV/AIDS poses the largest threat. Public and private is no process in place to undertake assessment of road
health-care services are available for the residents of the projects, either in the strategic framework or in cost/
city and, in addition, there are traditional medicine benefit analysis. As a result there is no means to prioritize
practitioners. These systems may sometimes overlap. The proposals, or justify budget requirements.
middle and high-income groups rely on the citys private
hospitals and clinics, whereas the poorer groups rely on Maintenance decisions are responsive and not
the government run hospitals and clinics. Residents can programmed. Funds are expended on an as-required
also access health care services from institutional clinics. basis, responding to immediate maintenance needs.
Based on the Department of Healths standards there is Footpaths and pedestrian routes are non-existent or are
a shortage of government-run clinics. At times, some not clearly marked.
clinics have to close due to theft and vandalism. As
the city expands further urban clinics will be required
in suitable locations and there will also be need for a AIRPORT
second public hospital. Port Moresby is the main gateway to the rest of the
country. The city hosts the main international airport
in the country. Air transport is the main mode of inter-
Education provincial travel in PNG. Air Niugini, the national flag
There is a high student to teacher ratio in schools in carrier alone, operates 47 international flights to Narita,
Port Moresby. Classrooms are overcrowded and the Singapore, Brisbane, Cairns, and Honiara, and 256
limited land area for schools makes it difficult for domestic flights weekly. Other third level airlines and
further extensions. Some schools lack adequate facilities cargo airlines also operate from Port Moresby to other
such as libraries, laboratories and playing fields. School destinations within the country.
fees is partly subsidized by the National Government.
However, the school fees is still unaffordable for the poor
majority. These factors, in addition to the overcrowding Port
in schools, are the reasons why most school age children Port Moresby has the second largest seaport in Papua
in informal settlements do not attend school. Although

New Guinea. It has historic and economic significance.
primary and high schools are spread throughout major Port Moresby evolved around the activity of the wharf,
population catchment areas of the city, pupils travelling which was the main port of call between Australia
across town to get to school is a common occurrence. and the then Territory of Papua and New Guinea.
The University of Papua New Guinea and other major Currently the main freight leaving the port as export
tertiary institutions are located in Port Moresby. There consists mainly of minerals and agricultural produce.
are also privately run schools that provide better quality Imports consist of a wide range of consumer goods and
education with better facilities than the public schools. capital goods for large projects. They come mainly from
However, they are expensive and only a privileged Australia, Singapore, Japan, USA, and New Zealand.
few can afford to send their children to these private Compared to other South Pacific island ports, excluding
schools. Australia and New Zealand, Port Moresby is a large
port. Because of PNGs geography, the coastal trade is a
major link between regional centres in the country.
ROAD NETWORK
The road network consists of approximately 400 Km of
paved roads. These are classified in a hierarchy of arterial,
distributor, local access and cul-de-sacs. Roads and
drainage systems consume the largest share of NCDCs
budget. Expenditure over recent years has concentrated
1515
Governance
Over recent years, Port Moresby has suffered from have had adverse impacts on overall stability of the
continuous political volatility and uncertainty over its organization, especially in the executive management.
system of governance. One of the main challenges it is
facing is the current system of appointing members to The Commission is not able to involve all its diverse
the National Capital District Commission which denies citizenry in the citys affairs, although positive
developments are taking place. There are NGOs that
port moresby URBAN profile - governance
residents of the city their right to a democratically

elected government, which would be more responsive operate in Port Moresby which need to be empowered
to their needs. and coordinated to maximise their potential. The
Commission has some advantages that will assist it in its
There is a lot of corruption and political instability in mission towards improved governance. These include
the government of PNG. The NCDC relies heavily on an indication of improved public awareness regarding
revenue from GST and has poor performance in other the qualification and credibility of political leaders and
areas of revenue collection. emerging partnerships, including a good governance
and capacity building project with Townsville City
Successive annual budgets in the past have not been fully Council in Australia (Project Hetura).
implemented due to political interference in decision
making, which has resulted in expenditure on projects
that have not been budgeted for. INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP
On the human resource side, the NCDC has weak The NCDC is a government established under an
administrative capacity in certain areas of the organization Act of Parliament the NCDC Act 2001 (amended).
due to cronyism and nepotism in appointments resulting The NCDC is responsible for the urban management
in unqualified and unproductive staff. There is no clear of Port Moresby. The NCDC is responsible to the
training policy for the Commission staff or systematic Ministry of Inter-Government Relations which
measuring of performance. Further, political influences approves its budget.
16
16
The Motu Koitabu Assembly is an elected body three elected members, are appointed and are not
having powers to manage, control and administer accountable to the citizens.
the Motu Koitabu areas of Port Moresby and other
powers delegated by the NCDC. Monitoring and evaluation of the Commissions
activities is weak and there is no system for measuring
Decision making in the Motu Koitabu is performance against the existing service standards
characterized by political interference and weak and submitted work plans.
administrative capacity which constrains service
delivery and physical planning. There has been community consultation in the
preparation of physical development plans and
The potential for public-private partnerships in policies, but this needs to be continuous and
service delivery has not been fully explored. systematic.
NGOs are numerous and they are involved in The Motu Koitabu Assembly lacks the necessary
urban affairs to differing degrees, but there is no funding under the current legislative framework to
formal institutionalized involvement mechanism, effectively carry out its functions and responsibilities
such as an urban forum, to collectively engage all within its jurisdiction.
stakeholders in civic affairs.
There is no communication strategy between the
NCDC and city residents, no Citizens Charter and
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK no formal complaints procedure. The Governor or
Executive Management addresses complaints on an
The NCDC is under the supervision of the Ministry ad hoc basis.
of Inter-Government Relations.
NGOs are active but they lack the coordination
The Physical Planning Act gives the NCDC required to be more effective.
planning responsibility but the Commission does
not place enough importance on physical planning. The traditional residents of the city feel that their
It lacks, therefore, the capacity to plan for some culture and way of life is under threat from expanded
parts of the city, particularly the areas of traditional urban development. They also feel excluded from
land and settlements. urban decision making despite being represented by
the Motu Koitabu Assembly.
The city has a draft NCD Urban Development

Plan (2006-2015) developed in consultation with
all the urban stakeholders, which sets out tangible RESOURCE MOBILISATION
objectives for city development. This however, will
require a more detailed review in the future with Expenditure has not been cost-effective in that it has
emphasis on social, economic and cultural input. not given the best return to the community. This
could be improved by stronger corporate planning
The Port Moresby Local Development Plan (2006- linked to urban and social planning.
2020) provides a vision, policies and proposals for
the main commercial area of the city, including the The efficiency of the NCDC in revenue collection
port. could be improved by the introduction of an up-
to-date computer based property database. This is
being pursued under Project Hetura 2.
PERFORMANCE AND There is potential for broad-based stakeholder
ACCOUNTABILITY partnerships but this is not adequately exploited.
The Governor is the elected regional member of There is a need for the village courts in urban villages
the National Parliament and the Chairman of and settlements to be strengthened and supported.
the NCDC. The three Open Members are ex-
officio members to the Commission. The rest of
the Commissioners, with the exception of the
1717
AGREED PRIORITIES
Improve corporate planning and management
practices in order to achieve more accountability
and transparency within the NCDC.
Improve budget formulation processes to enable a

more cost-effective use of funds to give the best
return to the community.
Formulate a comprehensive training policy and

undertake capacity building and staff development
within the NCDC.
Improve community participation in all levels of

governance in urban decision making.
Improve communication channels between the

Commission and the general public: develop a
Citizens Charter, and implement an accountable
complaints system.
Improve revenue collection efficiency.
Facilitate and coordinate the NGOs working in

the area and promote broad-based partnerships
among all urban stakeholders.
Project proposal Page 20

GOVERNANCE
Support for the broad-based
N1
stakeholder forum for action

GOVERNANCE Formulation of training policy
N2 for the National Capital District
Commission

GOVERNANCE
N3 Performance audit for the National
Capital District Commission
18
18
GOVERNANCE
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Priorities

GOVERNANCE
Project Hetura is a There has been A new Governor Political Improve corporate
good governance political volatility and (Chairman of the city uncertainty planning and
and capacity building uncertainty about authority) has been about the system management practices
project in partnership the system of city elected. of governance in the NCDC.
with Townsville City governance. and political
The second phase of Formulate a
Council in Australia. interference in
Communities have Project Hetura has comprehensive training
management
The National Capital been excluded from recently commenced. policy for the NCDC.
activities
District Urban urban decision making.
There are some new hinder effective Building capacities
Development Plan sets
The city authority has partnerships emerging management and of city authority
out tangible objectives
a weak administrative with stakeholders. delivery of services personnel to develop
for city development.
capacity and this to the residents. partnerships with the
The visions and
The Port Moresby Town has resulted in weak private sector and
recommendations of the Unplanned and
Local Development monitoring and NGOs.
two development plans uncontrolled
Plan provides a evaluation of activities.
offer opportunities, if physical
vision, policies and
There is weak corporate they are successfully development,
proposals for the main
planning within the city implemented. e.g. informal
commercial area of the
authority. settlements,
city.
undermines
There is no
the balanced
comprehensive training
development of
policy within the city
the city.
authority.
There is poor
coordination between
stakeholders.
RESOURCE MOBILISATION
The City Authority Expenditure has not Revenue collection Misdirected Improve the revenue
has a special, reliable been cost effective in could be substantially expenditure. collection system by
funding source, that is, that it has not given improved through the implementing Project
Corruption.
a share of Value Added the best return to the introduction of an up-to- Hetura 2.
Tax. community. date computer based Lack of corporate
property database. planning.
Apart from VAT, there
is poor performance in
other area of revenue
collection.
EMPOWERMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND SOCIAL ISSUES
project proposals - governance
There is no The traditional Improve
communication residents of the communication
strategy. city feel that their channels between the
culture and way city authority and the
of life is under general public; draft
threat from a Citizens Charter
expanded urban and implement
development. an accountable
complaints system.
1919
Project proposal ACTIVITIES: (1) Assess the activities, priority needs
and future plans of community-based organizations,
GOVERNANCE faith-based organizations, NGOs, neighbourhood
N1 Support for the broad based
stakeholder forum for action organizations and individuals active in Port Moresby.
(2) Organise an awareness campaign on the Citizens
Forum in order to ensure broad-based participation. (3)
Organise a consultative meeting in order to formulate
the concept of a Citizens Forum involving stakeholders
LOCATION: National Capital District Commission. and taking into consideration the realities in Port
Moresby. (4) Prepare an annual action plan on the
DURATION: 12 months.
priority issues, including budgets and also containing
BENEFICIARIES: National Capital District and Port future fund-raising activities. (5) Employ two local full-
Moresby civil society. time community focal points who will take the lead
in the organization and management of the Citizens
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: Civil society Forum. (6) Organize awareness campaigns, workshops,
organizations, National Capital District Commission meetings, or trainings based on the priorities identified
and UN-HABITAT. by stakeholders in the initial consultation. (7) Put
ESTIMATED COST: US$80,000 in place monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to
monitor the operations of the Citizens Forum and
BACKGROUND: There are several community- document the experiences.
based organizations, faith-based organizations, NGOs,
neighbourhood organizations and individuals active in OUTPUTS: Creation of a Citizens Forum that brings
Port Moresby. There are also many individuals who are together the various community groups and individuals
not part of any group but who would like to participate who would like to participate in urban decision-making.
in urban decision-making. Several constraints prevent The Citizens Forum will meet on a regular basis to
the community sector from fully participating in the discuss relevant issues in the spirit of cooperation and
citys affairs. Many are not aware of their rights and understanding. It will coordinate the various activities
responsibilities; there is no Citizens Charter to guide of different community-based organizations, NGOs
the residents in their communication with the city and faith-based organizations operating in Port Moresby
authority. The community-based organizations, faith- and will work towards the creation of joint responses
based organizations and NGOs are not coordinated and actions to the city authority. It will also organize
so they rarely cooperate although there is enormous regular workshops and training on important issues
potential for collaboration. For the community sector as identified by the participants. The Citizens Forum
to be fully able to participate in urban decision-making, will have two local full-time employees and various
the above issues need to be rectified. volunteers who will be responsible for the smooth
running of the Forum.
project proposals - governance
OBJECTIVES: Establish a locally run Citizens Forum

responsible for bringing together the various community STAFF REQUIRED: Part-time coordinator/facilitator
groups, as well as individuals to improve their access (short-term) with expertise in community relations and
to the city authority, improve cooperation, organize two local community focal points.
workshops for the formulation of a Citizens Charter,
educate communities on Local Authority Service
Delivery Action Planning and its modus operandi,
as well as offer continuous training and updating on
relevant information. The Forum is also expected to run
awareness campaigns and educate the residents on their
rights and responsibilities.
20
20
Project proposal Project proposal
GOVERNANCE Formulation of training policy GOVERNANCE
N3 Performance Audit for the National
N2 for the National Capital District
Capital District Commission
Commission
LOCATION: National Capital District Commission. LOCATION: National Capital District Commission.
DURATION: 3 months. DURATION: 3 months.
BENEFICIARIES: National Capital District BENEFICIARIES: NCDC staff and residents of Port
Commission officers and eventually residents of Port Moresby City through improved performances in
Moresby, through improved performance and service service delivery.
delivery. IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: NCDC.
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: National Capital BACKGROUND: The NCDC commits US$10,000
District Commission, UN-HABITAT, and a training on different projects and activities. However, there is no
organization. systematic method of evaluating quality, quantity, actual
ESTIMATED COST: US$100,000 expenditure, and whether or not the objectives of the
project have been successfully met.
BACKGROUND: Although training of some NCDC
staff members does proceed, it is ad hoc without a OBJECTIVES: Comprehensive audit of all projects
logical basis. Some sections, where training needs are and activities planned and budgeted by NCDC.
evident, are neglected. ACTIVITIES: Evaluate all projects and incorporate
OBJECTIVES: Comprehensive development of them into business practice.
NCDC skills. OUTPUTS: NCDC projects and activities reports.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Assessment of training needs for STAFF REQUIRED: An international consultant with
governance and job orientation at all levels of the experience in institutional management and training.
NCDC structure. (2) Assess and evaluate all current
training activities. (3) Develop an NCDC Training
Policy document. (4) Hold consultations with the
NCDC Board and executive management. (5) Finalise
the NCDC Training Policy. project proposals - governance
OUTPUTS: A National Capital District Commission
Training Policy.
STAFF REQUIRED: An international consultant with
expertise in institutional administration, management
and training.
2121
Slums
INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS 20 formal settlements has deteriorated over the past 20

years with minimal attention from the government. The
About 45% of Port Moresbys population lives in settlement dwellers on customary land have individual
settlements. The growth of informal settlements is the tenure agreements with customary land owners.
result of uncontrolled migration resulting in increased However they do not have access to basic urban services.
population growth and the failure by respective The city authority has formulated the NCD Settlements
governments to provide for affordable housing and Strategic Plan 2007 2011 to draw attention to the
port moresby URBAN profile - slums
developable land supply to match this increase. The existing settlement situation in the NCD and to set the
high cost of living has resulted in overcrowded living agenda for addressing the informal settlements issues.
conditions. It needs the financial and human resource capacity
Settlements are located throughout the city, within the and the political support to adequately implement the
existing fabric and on the urban fringes. They are found on action plan.
both state land and customary land and are characterized
by a lack of planning and poor infrastructure especially
water, sanitation and electricity. INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP
AND EMPOWERMENT
Most of the citys low income work force lives in
settlements, however, the trend is changing with middle No particular ministry is responsible for dealing
and high income earners moving into settlements with settlement issues after a housing policy change
because of the limited access to formal housing. There are in 1986 that left housing development to market
20 planned settlements and 79 unplanned settlements forces.
of which 42 are on state land and 37 on customary
land. The condition of houses and infrastructure in the
22
22
Initiatives by individual ministries and statutory Tete Settlement and the Two Mile Settlement to
organizations are small scale and do not address the make way for formal development. This move is
low income sector. yet to be made formal as further deliberation with
the Department of Lands and Physical Planning
The city authoritys inability to plan and cater for regarding possible relocation sites is required.
the settlement areas has resulted in NGOs and
community based organizations getting involved, There are no up-to-date guidelines for subdivision,
but they lack coordination. In future, the design and utility service provision in settlement
Urbanization Unit of the NCDC will coordinate all upgrading.
settlement activities including those highlighted in
the Settlements Strategic Plan. There are no pro-poor policies in place to deal with
settlement problems.
The city administration needs to appreciate its
full responsibility towards providing services to
settlements and provide resources for intervention in RESOURCE MOBILISATION
the same.
There is no service infrastructure development in
Proposals have been made under the revised settlements but there is hope for improvement
structure of the city administration to strengthen its through the National Urbanization Policy and the
coordination but this needs further improvement. NCD Settlements Strategic Plan.
The new NCDC Chairman has made favorable The city authority lacks the financial capacity to fully
remarks on his desire to provide basic services like address problems in all settlements especially with
water and sewerage to settlements in the cities. regard to settlement upgrading and development.
There are several small-scale NGO funded initiatives
aimed at settlements improvement. However most
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK of these programs are undertaken in isolation and
The present regulatory framework including the are poorly coordinated. One example would be the
Land Act, the NCDC Act, Physical Planning Act, initiative undertaken by Digicel (PNG) to provide
Building Act, Informal Sector Act, Public Health educational services (pre-school and skills training for
Act, Environment Act, and NCDC By-laws provide womenfolk) through the set up of mobile centres.
for settlement improvement in Port Moresby.
Financial assistance to informal settlement dwellers
The capacity of the NCDC is constrained since is not sufficiently developed.
important decision making powers like land
Although there is an Informal Sector law, it only
allocation are held by the central government agencies.
Nevertheless the current Governor has suggested his governs the informal sector activities and does not
plans for the removal of some settlements such as provide an avenue for vendors to improve their
activities.
Pilot projects
June Valley (Uguha Dubu) Pilot Settlement Upgrading Project
Introduction of the direct dealing (leasing) concept between settlers and customary landowners in Port Moresby which
enables land owners to formally lease land directly to settlers in order to enable their participation in urban development
without alienation of title to land.
Moitaka Ridge Pilot Settlement Project
Upgrading and alignment of existing unplanned squatter settlement with a view to providing affordable homes for low
income families on State land.
23
23
Pilot projects
To secure political backing for the implementation
of the NCD Settlement Strategic Plan.
Launch the NCD Settlement Strategic Plan and

NCDC to ensure that all main and supporting
implementing agencies are aware of their respective
roles in the plan.
Improve networking with a view to developing

partnerships with all stakeholders and establish
an institutional framework to administer and
coordinate NGO and Donor assistance.
Conduct awareness campaigns to ensure better

understanding of the rights and obligations of
squatters.
Commence sustainable low income settlement

development by implementing the two pilot
projects already underway.
Prepare a settlements improvement manual.
Introduce a Small Loan Scheme for settlements

residents.
Review and Update Existing Data on Settlements

to create a more comprehensive Data base.

SLUMS
Awareness on rights and
N1
responsibilities

SLUMS
N2 Comprehensive data base on
existing shelter and settlements
SLUMS Project proposal Page 27

N3 Small loan scheme

SLUMS
N4 Manual for settlement improvement
24
24
Slums
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats PRIORITIES

SHELTER AND SETTLEMENTS
The draft National There is an The NCD Settlement Constitutional Right Need for
Urbanization Policy urbanization policy Strategic Plan would to the freedom of Urbanization policy.
(NUP) is in place. vacuum. improve land use movement.
Need for political
and infrastructure
The newly formulated No reliable data Lack of implementation support to Settlement
planning, land
NCD Settlements on population in of Settlement Strategic Plan.
management, housing
Strategic Plan. informal settlements. Strategic Plan may
and social services, More awareness and
lead to uncontrollable
Urbanization Section Lack of capacity environment and living dialogue among all
expansions in
within NCDC. within the new conditions, economy stakeholders.
settlements.
section. and governance
NGOs are involved Establish a
in administration Political interference
in settlement Lack of coordination mechanism to
and management in planning and land
improvement between the coordinate NGO and
of settlements, and allocation.
programs and NGOs, government Donors.
encourage land owners
projects. agencies and NCDC. Expansion of
to participate in land Review of national
settlements to the
Physical Planning Act. Lack of guidelines development. housing policy on
customary lands
on sub-division affordable housing.
Vagrancy Act. The new urbanization threatens investments
and utility
section would facilitate and tourism in the city. Manual for
service provision
the implementation of Settlement
in settlement Pressure on urban
the Strategic Plan for Improvement.
improvement. services resulting in
Settlement Upgrading
illegal connection of
Lack of enforcement Projects.
services.
policies.
The NCD Strategic Plan
can attract donors, NGOs
and government support.
RESOURCE MOBILISATION
The Informal Lack of funding The wantok system of Deterioration of living Introduce a micro
Sector creates support or credit support livelihood and conditions of people finance scheme for
income generating scheme to settlers to security. living in settlements the urban poor.
opportunities. improve their living and lawlessness.
Employees to provide
conditions.
affordable housing to
workers.
EMPOWERMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY - SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Settlements Lack of awareness The settlement Settlement leaders Conduct awareness
community structure. on rights and communities will be putting personal workshops on rights
responsibilities of the able to make better interests before the and responsibilities of
settlement residents. decisions on their well community interest. settlement residents.
project proposals - slums
being if they are more

aware of their rights and
responsibilities.
2525
SLUMS SLUMS
N1
Awareness on rights N2 Comprehensive Data Base on Existing
and responsibilities Shelter and Settlements
LOCATION: Port Moresby. LOCATION: Port Moresby.

DURATION: 12 24 months. DURATION: 6 months.
BENEFICIARIES: Mainly targeted at the settlement ESTIMATED COST: To be determined.
communities.
BENEFICIARIES: NCDC, Utility Service Providers,
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: Government settlement residents, and Port Moresby residents.
Departments, Municipal Authority, NGOs, and
CBOs. IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: NCDC and Donor
Agencies.
ESTIMATED COST: K20, 000 per workshop x 4
workshops annually. BACKGROUND: There is a need for a comprehensive
database. At present there is no available database on
BACKGROUND: The main reason why the municipal established settlements in the NCD.
authority has taken the step to formulate the NCD
Settlement Strategic Plan is because of the rapid OBJECTIVE: To create a comprehensive, computerized
growth of slums between 1975 and the present time database that is readily available to be used for reference
making informal settlements a dominant feature in by the beneficiaries.
Port Moresby. Accompanying the slum growth is the ACTIVITIES: (1) Engage a consultant to carry out
growth of the informal sector. This rapid growth of a survey on all existing settlements. (2) Assess the
informal settlements and the informal sector suggests condition of the existing infrastructure. (3) Carry out
that settlement residents may be ignorant of the laws consultations with relevant agencies and settlement
and regulations governing certain activities in the city. committees. (4) Develop assessment report and data
OBJECTIVE: Make the informal settlement residents base. (5) Computerize all the information into a
aware of their rights and responsibilities. comprehensive database.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Do a stakeholder analysis to identify OUTPUT INDICATOR: A computerised database

all stakeholders in settlement improvement. (2) Inform system on Shelter and Settlements in Port Moresby.
the stakeholders on the intention of the awareness STAFF REQUIREMENT: An international consultant
and secure their support. (3). Establish contacts with with relevant experience.
the settlement leaders. (4) Prepare awareness training
schedules. (5) Conduct awareness.
OUTPUT INDICATORS: (1) A drop in illegal

developments and activities. (2) Informal sector activities
conducted in a more orderly manner.
STAFF REQUIRED: City Authority, NGOs and
CBOs.
26
26
SLUMS SLUMS
N3 Small loans scheme N4 Manual for Settlement Improvement

DURATION: 12 24 months. DURATION: 6 months.
BENEFICIARIES: Residents of informal settlements. ESTIMATED COST: To be determined.
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: Government BENEFICIARIES: NCDC, Utility Service Providers,
Departments, City Authority, NGOs, CBOs, and settlement residents.
experts in loan schemes.
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: NCDC, Utility
ESTIMATED COST: To be determined. Service Providers.
BACKGROUND: Informal Settlements are located all BACKGROUND: There is a need for a systematic
over the city and the houses in the settlements are of approach to the planning and improvement of
deplorable standards. These settlements are characterized settlements in the city. The staff of NCDC dealing with
by poor planning and building standards. settlements require a guide containing relevant standards
and best practices on various elements of planning,
OBJECTIVE: To enable settlement dwellers to design and implementation of settlement improvement
construct proper and formal housing. projects.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Prepare TOR for the loan scheme. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a manual of standards and
(2) Mobilize funds. (3) Appoint a task force to carry out best practices for the improvement of settlements in
a study on a suitable loan scheme. (4) Establish a loan Port Moresby.
scheme.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Assess and evaluate all past and
OUTPUT INDICATORS: (1) Improved living current standards relating to sub-division design, and
conditions of settlement dwellers. (2) Increase in the utility service provision in low income housing schemes
number of settlements being formalized. in PNG. (2) Assess comparable standards used in other
STAFF REQUIREMENT: experts on loan schemes. developing countries in the Asia-Pacific Region. (3)
Carry out consultations with relevant agencies. (4)
Develop a suitable draft document. (4) Hold further
consultations with relevant agencies. (5) Finalise the
Settlements Improvement Manual.
OUTPUT INDICATOR: A timely, appropriate and

user friendly manual.
STAFF REQUIREMENT: An international consultant
with relevant experience.
2727
GENDER AND HIV/AIDS
In spite of some positive approaches taken to combat Institutional set-up

gender inequality, gender disparities continue to exist
in Port Moresby. Social and cultural norms continue The NCD AIDS Council is responsible for the
to hinder women from participating in many forms of HIV/AIDS programs in the city. The program is
development. Decision making in the household and fully funded and supported by the NAC (National
the community continues to be male dominated. Of AIDS Council).
the 12 NCDC Board members, only two are women. The NAC (National Aids Council) is the peak body
Traditional and cultural norms often obligate women that is responsible for the HIV/AIDS Program in
to household chores, child rearing and domestic the country.
responsibilities. Women are also more vulnerable to
crime and violence in the city. The Department of Health, in collaboration with
the NAC, supports the NCD AIDS Councils HIV/
Majority of women in Port Moresby have little or no AIDS program in the city. HIV/AIDS is recognized
formal education that could enable them to venture into as a development issues and not just as a health
income generating activities. Some women and young issue.
girls engage in prostitution to support their families.
There is a Gender and Development Office at the
Women are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS and other Department of Community Development (DCD).
sexually transmitted diseases. Polygamy, prostitution,
homosexuality, and alcohol and drug abuse are the The NCDC has a Womens Desk at the City Hall
major factors that contribute to the high rates of HIV/ which deals with gender issues.
AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases in the city.
The National Aids Council (NAC) Secretariat and the The PNG Law and Justice Sector is involved
Department of Healths HIV/AIDS Quarterly Report in promoting Gender Equality through anti-
for January - June 2008 revealed that there were 9,572 discriminatory legislation.
infected people in the NCD. Of this, 4,650 were male The NAC monitors the national AIDS program
and 4,628 were female. 294 people did not state their through its National Policy and Strategic Plan on
gender. Stigmatization and discrimination against Gender and HIV/AIDS 2000-2010. This program
port moresby URBAN profile - gender and hiv/aids
people living with HIV/AIDS is a growing concern for is intended to monitor program activities for
the authorities. There is need to incorporate HIV/AIDS both gender and HIV/AIDS, promote leadership
education in the school curriculum so that children are of women through multi-sectoral partnerships
made aware of these issue at an early age. and mainstreaming gender into all HIV/AIDS
Despite the socio-economic and cultural challenges faced activities.
by women, there is an emerging trend where women Various Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)
are going into careers that were formerly dominated by supported by donor agencies are actively involved in
men such as engineering and other technical careers. addressing gender and HIV/AIDS related issues, but
However, womens participation in governance and their efforts are ad hoc and require coordination and
development and in the decision making process comprehensive support from all sectors.
remains low and this is a challenge for the government.
Women need to be empowered in these ares in order Meri Seif Projek (Women Safety Project) under the
to improve their economic livelihood and improve the YLM Projek (Yumi Lukautim Moresby Project) is a
standards of living of the citizens of PNG. womens project supported by AusAid, an Australian
aid agency.
2828
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION Condom use is being promoted as they prevent
unwanted pregnancies and the spread of HIV/AIDS

The main source of funds for the HIV/AIDS and STDs. However some churches oppose the use
program comes from AusAid. of condoms.
The Gender and Women Development Desk at the All City Pharmacies and Stop and Shop Supermarket
Department of Community Development is not outlets are protection / safe sites for abused women;
sufficiently funded and relies on donor agencies and This initiative is AusAid funded and coordinated
NGOs to implement their activities. through the NCDC.
The Government supports the HIV/AIDS program
in its annual budget through the NAC (National
AIDS Council). EMPOWERMENT AND
The Government has endorsed funds for multi-
ACCOUNTABILITY
sectoral response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Womens representation in decision making is low.
Treatment and anti-retroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS Leadership is male dominated.

can be accessed free of charge from all urban clinics
within the city. Additionally, there are 16 HIV/AIDS NGOs are supporting and empowering women
care centers which provide counselling and nutrition through capacity building programs, but on an ad
care to the patients. hoc basis.
Donor funding is available but there is lack of Business Coalition against HIV/AIDS is an initiative
transparency and accountability. of the private sector to work in collaboration with
Port Moresbys Provincial AIDS Council (PAC) in
the fight against HIV/AIDS.
2929
A work place policy on HIV/AIDS had been
introduced. Currently there are 100 organizations AGREED PRIORITIES
that have a HIV/AIDS work place policy. Business
Strengthen the existing partnerships.
Coalition Against HIV/AIDS (BAHA) and Port
Moresbys PAC also provide information on Gender Carry out awareness on Gender Based Violence
and HIV/AIDS. centres in the media.
Individual Community Rights Advocacy Forum There is need to legislate and impose tougher laws
(ICRAF) is an NGO that deals in human, on gender based violence.
environmental and land right issues in PNG. It has a There is need for better coordination mechanisms
desk officer dedicated to womens issues. It monitors among gender and HIV/AIDS focused
the abuse of womens rights and provides counselling organizations.
and legal aid for abused women.
Review NCDC Strategic Plan on HIV/AIDS 2006
Meri Seif Ples or Famili Seif Ples is an initiative 2010.
under the Yumi Lukautim Moresby Project that
Centralise all data on HIV/AIDS.
helps distressed women by providing transport to a
safe place or hospital. It has four stand-by female There is need to coordinate and develop data on
personnel at Protect Security who respond to gender based violence from all stakeholders.
emergency calls 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Validate all data available on HIV/AIDS and
Boroko Police Station has a Sexual Offence Squad Gender.
manned by two police women who assist women Establish community learning centres to empower
to report violence and sexual crime and prosecute communities in dealing with Gender and HIV/
offenders. AIDS.
The media is involved in educating citizens about Conduct awareness campaigns on Equal Gender
Gender and HIV/AIDS related issues. Participation.
There is need for better coordination and

networking among gender and HIV/AIDS focused
organizations.
Conduct needs assessment survey.
Strengthen existing programs and baseline

information.
There needs to be an effective and well coordinated

public media network.
Establish youth friendly centers.
GENDER Project proposal Page 32 Carry out Life Skills training programs.
HIV/AIDS
Awareness on Gender Equality Establish community learning development
N1
centers.
GENDER Project proposal Page 32 Review the NCD Strategic Plan on HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS Create database for Gender and HIV/ 2006 2010.
N2 AIDS information
Create Proper database in consultation with the
Project proposal Page 33 existing organizations that deal with Gender and
GENDER HIV/AIDS.
Review - National Policy and Strategic
HIV/AIDS
Plan on Gender and HIV/AIDS 2000-
N3
2010
3030
GENDER AND HIV/AIDS
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats PRIORITIES

GENDER AND HIV/AIDS
National Policy and Some Churches Capacity Building programs HIV/AIDS infection More awareness
Strategic Plan on Gender are against the to empower women. rates are still campaign on gender
and HIV/AIDS. use of condoms. rising. equality.
Work place policy on HIV/
Donor and government Weak political AIDS. Churches Need more funds for
funding available. support for disapprove the awareness in the rural
Use of more Faith-based
gender issues. use of condoms. areas.
Work Place Policy on organizations in the
gender and HIV/AIDS Cultural bias. campaign against HIV/AIDS Current facilities Support HIV/AIDS
adopted by 100 private and gender violence. are inadequate. and Gender in school
Lack of
companies. curriculum.
mechanism for Increase awareness in the Lack of political
HIV/AIDS curriculum in coordination rural areas. support. Review of National
schools. among gender Policy and Strategic Plan
Use of more Faith-based HIV/AIDS not
and HIV/ on Gender and HIV/
Condom access and organizations health considered
AIDS related AIDS 2000-2010.
distribution. facilities. a serious
organizations.
development
Facilities for treatment
Capacity building issue.
and anti-retroviral
and training for
drugs for HIV/AIDS are More women
teachers on HIV/
available. vulnerable to HIV/
AIDS and gender
AIDS infections
Centres for domestic issues.
from sexual
and sexual violence are
Awareness in violence and
available.
the rural areas is abuse.
Networks and awareness lacking.
on HIV/AIDS and gender
violence by civil societies.
Womens Desk in
NCDC and Gender and
Development Office in
DFCD.
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION
project proposals - gender and hiv/aids

Donor funds are Lack of Financial support from Lack of political Government support to
available. Government donor agencies. ownership and the programs.
budgetary sustainability.
support.
3131
GENDER GENDER
N2
Training in gender disaggregated
N1 Awareness on Gender Equality
data collection
DURATION: 24 months. DURATION: 24 months.
BENEFICIARIES: Men, women and their families. BENEFICIARIES: Port Moresby residents, decision
makers, organizations that deal with HIV/AIDS and
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: Department for Gender issues.
Community Development and National Capital
District Commission. IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: National AIDS
Council, Provincial AIDS Council, BAHA, and
ESTIMATED COST: To be determined. Anglicare Stop AIDS.
BACKGROUND: In spite of positive approaches taken ESTIMATED COST: To be determined.

to combat gender inequality, gender disparities continue
to exist in Port Moresby. Social and cultural norms BACKGROUND: Organizations dealing with Gender
continue to hinder women from participating in many and HIV/AIDS have databases with up-to-date
forms of development. Traditional and cultural norms information. This information is available but is not
often relegate women to household chores, child rearing widely accessible. A creation of a central data base is
and domestic responsibilities. Women are vulnerable to urgently needed.
crime and violence. Majority of women have little or no OBJECTIVES: For the community and stakeholders to
formal education that could empower them to venture have access to information and the relevant organizations
into income-earning opportunities. and the decision makers to make informed decisions
OBJECTIVES: (1) To educate the community on based on available updated information.
womens rights and opportunities for advancements. ACTIVITIES: Research and collect information from
(2) Encourage women to engage in activities which will organizations that deals with HIV/AIDS and Gender
empower them. The awareness should utilize available issues.
avenues such as the media, educational institutions,
workplaces, places of worship, and settlements.

ACTIVITIES: (1) Assess the levels of awareness on
Equal Gender participation among the public, private
and community sectors. (2) Develop an awareness
program. (3) Conduct the awareness programs.
OUTPUTS: A better informed community on gender
issues.
STAFF REQUIRED: A person to coordinate.
32
32
Project proposal
GENDER Review - National Policy and
N3 Strategic Plan on Gender and HIV/
AIDS 2000-2010
LOCATION: Port Moresby.

BENEFICIARIES: Port Moresby City residents.
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: National AIDS
Council, Provincial AIDS Council, BAHA, and
Anglicare.
ESTIMATED COST: To be determined.
BACKGROUND: The National Policy and Strategic
Plan on Gender and HIV/AIDS 2000-2010 was
prepared by the NAC. This was a strategic intervention
program on both genders, to promote leadership of
women. It was intended to address gender inequalities
through multi-sectoral partnerships and mainstreaming
gender into all HIV/AIDS activities, however, it has
not been effectively implemented. The policy therefore
needs to reviewed again.
OBJECTIVES: To revise the policy and ensure that it is
effectively implemented to achieve its intentions.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Invite relevant stakeholders to
review the Policy. (2) A consensus on the revised policy
is reached and documented. (3) Revised copies of the

policy is circulated to stakeholders for implementation.
OUTPUTS: A Revised National Policy and Strategic
Plan on Gender and HIV/AIDS 2000-2010 is effectively
implemented.
STAFF REQUIRED: A person to coordinate.
3333
ENVIRONMENT
As the capital city of PNG, the population of Port The informal settlements totally lack environmental
Moresby has steadily increased thus giving rise to and health standards due to lack of provision of basic
various environmental pressures. The need for land and services such as the reticulated sewer and water as well
shelter had resulted in the spontaneous development as the garbage collections services.
of settlements on ridge tops and hillsides and other
unsuitable areas. The indiscriminate felling and lopping The city lacks proper solid waste management facilities.
of trees for firewood impacts on the environment of Open burning of domestic and industrial wastes is
the city. Clearing of grasslands, unsustainable use of common. An increase in the number of privately owned
wetlands, over-harvesting of mangrove forests, and over- vehicles has contributed to the high traffic congestion
fishing all contribute to the depletion of Port Moresbys and pollution in the city. In addition, many vehicles are
marine resources and environment. not roadworthy.
Irresponsible disposal of litter and lack of cleanliness in As a consequence of development pressures, a lot of
the city has been a challenge for the city authorities. open public spaces and potential recreational areas
The public spaces, waterways and public beaches are are under threat of being taken over for commercial
polluted with rubbish due to indiscriminate littering. development. Acquiring of land for port expansion
However, this is gradually being addressed through the and commercial developments along the shores of the
beautification and cleaning program initiated by the harbour has resulted in the discharge of raw sewage into
NCDC through a partnership with a private company the sea which is detrimental to marine life.
- PNG Gardener. In some parts of the city, seasonal
gardening on the hillsides has become a common
practice resulting in the destruction of vegetation and
severe soil erosion and water run-off during periods of
heavy rainfall.
PORT MORESBY URBAN profile - environment
3434
INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP EMPOWERMENT AND
The Department of Environment and Conservation ACCOUNTABILITY
(DEC) is mandated under the Environment and Environmental awareness among the city residents is
Conservation Act to formulate policies and regulate generally weak. However, the city provides funding
environmental standards and conservation. support to significant global events.
DEC as the national regulatory agency is mandated There is no environmental awareness strategy in
with the responsibility of ensuring that development place to raise awareness on environmental issues.
activities conform to environmental standards
There is a lack of coordination and enforcement of
and guidelines. The environmental monitoring
existing environmental policies and standards.
involves impact assessment, issues of development
permits and monitoring to ensure compliance with
environment standards.
The NCDC regulates environment standards
through the Public Health Act and Physical Planning AGREED PRIORITIES
Act.
Establish a properly resourced Environment Unit
NCDC does not have an environmental planning within the NCDC.
and monitoring unit to enforce its environmental
policies or promote environmental awareness. Develop an environmental checklist specific to Port
Moresby to provide guidelines for the assessment
of development projects.
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Develop a database on marine and terrestrial assets
The Environment Planning Act 2000 is the principal and relevant environmental information for Port
legal and institutional framework for environmental Moresby to aid informed decision-making.
planning and protection.
Conduct public education and awareness
The Act requires developers to submit environmental campaigns on environmental issues.
impact studies for development activities. It allows
for Public Consultation on environment issues Build and strengthen local capacity in
environmental planning, management,
on large development projects with significant
monitoring, and governance.
environmental impacts.
PORT MORESBY URBAN profile - environment

The provision under the Physical Planning Act
1989 also makes reference to the environmental
implications of any development projects. There are
specific guidelines approved under the NCD Urban ENVIRONMENT
Development Plan. Environmental issues are given Developing an environmental
N1
checklist
prominence when dealing with physical planning
matters. Project proposal Page 37
ENVIRONMENT
Developing an information
N2
RESOURCE MOBILISATION database
The DEC receives annual budget from the National

Government for environmental monitoring. It
also makes revenue for permits and from fees and
charges.
The NCDC does not receive any financial support
or grants specifically for environmental monitoring
purposes.
Environmental projects are part of the recurrent
budget.
3535
ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT
The Environment Act Weakness in Donor funding is Population increase. Establish an
2000 provides the enforcement. available. environmental
Spread of unplanned
principal legal and unit within the city
Poor coordination Need to improve settlements.
institutional framework authority.
between central and coordination
for environmental More litter.
city authorities. between central Develop an
planning and
government and local environmental
protection. Lack of dialogue with
authority. checklist.
stakeholders.
The NCD Urban
There are potentials
Development Plan No environment
for public
contains strategies unit within the city
engagement in
for achieving authority.
environmental
environmentally
management.
desired outcomes.
The Port Moresby
Town Local
Development Plan
contains policies on
environmental issues.
The Settlements
Strategic Plan includes
environmental goals,
objectives and activities
in the action plan.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND AWARENESS
Lack of an information Develop an
database. information database.
Cultural and behavioral Conduct awareness
attitude of residents. campaigns.
Lack of public dialogue.
PROJECT PROPOSALS - environment
36
36
Project proposal STAFF REQUIRED: Project team manager and research
ENVIRONMENT team.
N1
Developing an
environmental checklist LOCATION: The National Capital District Commission
(NCDC) of Port Moresby.
LOCATION: The National Capital District Commission

(NCDC) of Port Moresby. Project proposal
ENVIRONMENT
DURATION: 6 months. N2
Developing an
information database
BENEFICIARIES: The NCDC, public sector, private
sector, and communities in Port Moresby.
BENEFICIARIES: The NCDC, public sector, private
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: NCDC and sector, and communities in Port Moresby.
Department of Environment and Conservation.
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: NCDC, Department
of Environment and Conservation.
BACKGROUND: The Environment Act 2000 provides
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information and
guidelines for assessing the environmental impacts of
awareness on existing marine and terrestrial flora and
an activity. However, the categories of activities in the
fauna. Environmental assets to be preserved are detailed in
Environment Act are mostly applicable to areas outside Port
the NCD Urban Development Plan and the Port Moresby
Moresby. The Physical Planning Act 1989 also provides
Town Local Development Plan. However, there is a general
guidelines for assessing the environmental impacts of
lack of knowledge by the local authority and the public in
development proposals. However, there is an identifiable
Port Moresby about these environmental assets.
need to have a checklist that amalgamates provisions in the
Environment Act and the Physical Planning Act including OBJECTIVES: The preparation of a marine and terrestrial
various plans and policies. database including environmental assets for preservation
will enable informed decision-making and contribute
OBJECTIVES: The formulation of the environmental to the sustainable management of our environmental
checklist aims to ensure that relevant environmental resources.
considerations are taken into account when assessing PROJECT PROPOSALS - environment
ACTIVITIES: (1) Prepare the Terms of Reference for
development proposals and to determine whether
the project. (2) Set up a project team. (3) Prepare an
an environmental permit from the Department of
environmental profile of Port Moresby. (4) Undertake
Environment and Conservation is required for the
consultation with key stakeholders. (5) Convert the
proposed activity.
information collected in the Environmental Profile into
the database. (6) Launch the database. (7) Carry out
ACTIVITIES: (1) Prepare the Terms of Reference for awareness on the database to inform the general public.
the project. (2) Set up a project team. (3) Prepare a daft
checklist. (4) Undertake consultation with key stakeholders OUTPUTS: An environmental profile of Port Moresby
including the business community. (5) Finalize the contained in a database that is accessible to the general
checklist. (6) Print and disseminate checklist. (7) Carry out public.
awareness on the checklist to inform the general public.
STAFF REQUIRED: Project team manager, research
team and an IT specialist.
OUTPUTS: An environmental checklist developed for
application in the assessment of development proposals by
the NCDC Physical Planning Office.
37
37
Law and order
Law and Order problems have had a negative effect on past, it is perceived as undisciplined, corrupt and largely
Port Moresby over the years. Peace and order is a concern ineffective. There are many cases of excessive use of
in all levels of the community. Increase in crime has led force and police brutality. The poor police performance
to a lot of insecurity among resident of Port Moresby. has been attributed to poor working conditions and
poor salaries and compensation for the members of the
There are several reasons for this situation including police force.
high youth unemployment rates, the erosion of cultural
values and the huge gap between the rich and the Due to the lack of confidence in the police force, private
poor. As the city expands, so does the crime rates. The security companies are commonly used to provide
settlements are perceived as safe havens for criminals, security to those who can afford to hire their services.
although criminals come from the formal housing areas
too. The judicial system is also flawed. The state prosecution
services are largely ineffective and unprofessional. Non-
Common crimes are pick-pocketing, armed robbery, appearance in court, loss of files and loss of evidence
vehicle theft, carjackings, and aggravated assault. Gang are common. The performance of the CIS which is
rapes and homicides are also increasing in number. responsible for prisoners is also poor and cases of prisoners
Movement of residents is restricted after dark due escaping from the Bomana prison are common.
to the high crime rates and there are certain no-go
areas which can only be accessed under heavy security The existing law and order situation receives unfavourable
protection. publicity overseas and this is a deterrent to foreign
investors and potential tourists. The law enforcement
The RPNGC, is responsible for law-enforcement. While and judicial system in Port Moresby needs considerable
this force has performed well in crisis situations in the strengthening and improvement.
PORT MORESBY URBAN profile - LAW AND ORDER
38
38
INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP
AGREED PRIORITIES
The RPNGC which is under The Internal Security
Ministry oversees all law related matters through the Strengthen coordination among the law enforcement
agencies and the communities.
existing police stations. However, five of the existing
police stations are run down and require upgrading Promote and maintain a high level of professionalism
to provide effective police service. and ethics in the disciplinary forces.
The CIS provides prison rehabilitation programs, Strengthen the RPNGC and the CIS with
however, this rehabilitation programs have not been introduction of more professional training
very effective. programmes.
Under the Safer Cities Initiative, the NCDC has Empower the youth through capacity building
programmes to engage in legitimate income
coordinated the Yumi Lukautim Mosbi project.
earning activities.
Review rehabilitation programs for inmates.

Resource mobilization
Conduct Awareness campaigns to uphold family
The NGOS are currently involved in capacity and cultural values.
building programmes to improve social and economic
Increase resources to equip the law enforcement
conditions for low income groups. However, this is
agencies to carry out their tasks effectively.
ad hoc and requires mobilization of resources.
Upgrade police infrastructure to increase
The NCDC gives limited logistical support to the performance level.
village courts to enable them to operate effectively.
However, there is a need for the NCDC to increase
this support.
LAW AND
Capacity Building Programs linked
ORDER
EMPOWERMENT AND N1
to income earning ventures to
empower youths
ACCOUNTABILITY
PORT MORESBY URBAN profile - LAW AND ORDER

There is a lack of police professionalism in dealing
with cases.
Although there is neighbourhood watch in some
communities, there is still a need to educate
communities on how to address law and order issues
collaboratively and with other partners.
There is a lack of coordination between the law
enforcement and justice systems.
There is a decline in family and cultural values.
3939
Law and order

LAW AND ORDER
Existence of Yumi Lack of professionalism Reinstate Total break down of Promote and maintain
Lukautim Mosbi among law Enhancement law and Order. a high level of
Project. enforcement agencies. Corporation Package professionalism and
Declining family and
(ECP). ethics in the disciplinary
Church involvement. Lack of coordination cultural values.
forces.
among law Involvement of law
Involvement of Law Youth unemployment.
enforcement agencies. and Justice Sector in Upgrading police
and Justice Sector.
addressing law and Ethnic conflicts. infrastructure.
Ineffective rehabilitation
Order problems.
programs. Strengthen coordination
Political will in among law enforcement
upgrading police agencies and the
infrastructure. community.
Review rehabilitation
programs for inmates.
Strengthen the RPNGC
and the CIS with
introduction of more
professional training
programs.
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND EMPOWERMENT
Rundown police Utilize settlement Increase resources.
infrastructure. leaders in conflicts
Capacity building
resolution.
Lack of resources. programs for
unemployed youths.
Awareness campaigns
on family and cultural
values.
project proposals - law and order
40
40
Project proposal
LAW AND ORDER Capacity Building Programs
N1 linked to income earning
ventures to empower youths
LOCATION: Port Moresby.

BENEFICIARIES: Youths.
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: Local Authority,
Department of Community Development and
organizations interested in carrying out skills
development programs.
BACKGROUND: Law and Order problems have had
a negative effect on Port Moresby over the years. Peace
and good order is a concern within all levels of the
community. Residents are not given the opportunity
to live in a peaceful environment. One of the factors
contributing to this situation is the high youth
unemployment rate which often pushes the youth into
criminal activities. There is an urgent need to address
high youth unemployment rates in order to minimize
the crime rates.
OBJECTIVES: This project intends to empower the
youths through skills development / capacity building
programs which will enable them to enter into any form
of income earning ventures.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Identify potential organizations
interested in carrying out skills development programs. Project proposals - law and order
(2) Do a public notice inviting the interested youth to
participate in the skills development/capacity building
programs. (3) Conduct capacity building project needs
assessment to identify the capacity building program
needs. (4) Conduct training based on needs assessment.
(5) Negotiate with the micro finance and credit schemes
to make available the start up capital.
OUTPUTS: Youths are trained and engaged in income
earning activities.
STAFF REQUIRED: Organizations that conduct skills
development training, Trainer with capacity building
expertise.
41
41
Land
The NCD covers a total land area of approximately INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP

25,000 hectares of which 60% is alienated or state land.
The remaining 40% is customary land. The city authority, NCDC, which holds
administrative physical planning functions, is devoid
35-40% of the total land area is unsuitable for future of lands powers. These are held at the national level.
built development due to physical and environmental This means that planning and land decision-making
constraints. State land, suitable for development, is is not integrated and decisions are often in conflict.
running out while extensive areas of suitable customary
land are undeveloped. The land allocation process The NCDC has been attempting to have lands
relating to state land has not been successful. This is functions transferred to it from the national level for
largely due to the separation of Planning and Lands several years without success.
functions not only in different institutions, but also at There is a Lands Unit within the Department of
different levels of government. Regulatory Services of the NCDC but this is largely
PORT MORESBY URBAN profile - land
While there are opportunities for in fill and consolidation under-utilized.

of existing built up areas on state land, most of future Attempts at resolving customary land ownership
urban growth will have to be concentrated on customary disputes are initially handled in the village courts,
land. Traditional landowners are apprehensive otherwise matters are referred to Local Land
about losing ownership rights and cultural heritage Courts.
through the urbanization process. Although this is
a highly sensitive and controversial issue there exists In 2006, a National Land Development Task Force
opportunities for customary landowners to participate made several recommendations to the national
in the urban development process, in partnership with government on the land administration of state and
other stakeholders. freehold land as well as access to and development of
customary land.
The mobilization of customary land will be a complex
process involving the extension of service infrastructure
networks and carrying out development without
alienating land from the Motu Koita traditional
landowners.
42
42
REGULATORY FRAME-WORK Performance and
The Land Act of 1996 allows the government to accountability
control and manage land through the establishment Poor administration of the state leasehold, state
of a Land Board and through the authority of the freehold and private freehold land.
Minister for Lands and Physical Planning.
There have been widespread allegations of corruption
Powers and responsibilities are shared between the and irregular practices within the DLPP.
Minister, the Land Board and the Departmental
Head. As a general rule the Land Board considers Only a limited amount of State land has been
applications for leases and makes recommendations advertised for tenders over recent years depriving
to the Minister. the general public of the opportunity to apply. Land
is often exempted from advertisements on dubious
Under the Act, the government, through the minister, grounds.
can acquire land through agreement from the land
owners or by compulsory means. The Act also makes Poor liaison between DLPP and the NCDC
provisions for the right to compensation of land for resulting in land decisions taken without physical
the land owners. planning inputs, leases issued contrary to zoning,
leases issued over reserved land, land parcels created
The Land (Tenure Conversion) Act 1963, the Land without physical planning input or approval,
Groups Incorporated Act 1974, the Land Disputes double allocations of land, lack of forfeiture action,
Settlement Act 1975, and the Land Registration Act and questionable decisions concerning Urban
1981 have provisions for dealing with customary Development Leases.
land.
Inefficient land dispute settlement system resulting
The DLPP office of the Registrar of Incorporated in many outstanding land dispute cases.
Land Groups administers the Land Groups
Incorporated Act. There is no tracking or retrieval system within the
DLPP to enable departmental staff to determine
It has been recognized that the legislation relating to where clients applications are in the process. If such
the registration and mobilization of customary land a system was in place, this would make the DLPP
needs revision. more accountable to its clients.
The NCD Urban Development Plan contains broad Substantial proportions of prime developable land
land use proposals for the entire city. are being held back from development as they are
Port moresby URBAN profile - land

under customary land ownership. This is a huge
obstacle in the mobilization of available land for
Resource mobilization urban development.
The DLPP has a generous budget for Lands
operations and decision-making throughout the
country, including Port Moresby.
Since the NCDC has no Lands powers there is no
major budget item allocated for land issues. Funding
is limited to the recurrent expenditure of a small
Lands Unit within the Department of Regulatory
Services.
Urban village courts should be properly constituted
and resourced to effectively deal with disputes at the
village levels.
43
43
AGREED PRIORITIES
Improve the land administration systems in DLPP
to be more transparent and accountable.
Improve the village courts systems.
Funding and training for land mediators.
Encourage traditional landowners to register land

identified for development in the NCD Urban
Development Plan.
Launch a customary landowners awareness

campaign on voluntary registration.
Develop the capacity of the Lands Unit within the

Department of Regulatory Services.
Complete the transfer of Lands powers from the

National Government to the NCDC by negotiating
and signing a Memorandum of Agreement.

LAND
Improving the village and land
N1
courts mediation systems
PORT MORESBY URBAN profile - land
44
44
Land

LAND
Land Act 1996. Land powers held at National Capital There is no records Improve the village
the National Level. District Customary tracking or retrieval courts system.
National Land
Land Sub-committee. system in place within
Development Task Conflicting planning Improve land
the DLPP.
Force. and lands decision National Land administration systems
making. Development Task in DLPP to be more
National Capital
Force. transparent and
District Customary Poor administration of
accountable.
Land Sub-committee. state leasehold, and
freehold land. Develop the capacity of
the Lands Unit within
Illegal land sales in
the Department of
settlements.
Regulatory Services.
Complex customary
Revise the customary
land legislation.
land legislation.
Inefficient land dispute
system.
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION
Availability of vacant Land disputes constrain Mobilization of Land disputes. Funding and training for
customary land. customary land release. customary land. mediation.
Non-release of
customary land. Encourage traditional
landowners to register
Lack of funding for
land identified for
mediation.
development in the NCD
Urban Development
Plan.
Launch a customary
land owners awareness
campaign on voluntary
registration.
project proposals - laND
45
45
Project proposal ACTIVITIES: (1) Identify training programs. (2) Make
LAND funding available to implement training programs. (3)
N1
Improving the village and land City Authority to educate the village court chairmen,
courts mediation systems magistrates and land mediators on its approved city
plans. (4) Construction of multi-purpose community
halls that could facilitate the court sessions. (5) City
LOCATION: Port Moresby. Authority to budget for mediators allowances.
DURATION: 6 months. OUTPUTS: Better participation by customary

landowners in the urban development of the City of
BENEFICIARIES: Customary landowners and the Port Moresby in accordance with the approved city
City Authority. plans by the City Authority.
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS: National Capital STAFF REQUIRED: A Consultant.
District Commission, NGOs, Department of Lands
and Physical Planning, PNG Law and Justice Sector.
ESTIMATED COSTS: To be determined.
BACKGROUND: Much of the future urban growth
in Port Moresby City will have to be concentrated on
customary land and the way forward in dealing with
this controversial issue is to resolve disputes at village
courts and local land courts under the Land Disputes
Settlements Act. The resolution at this level of the court
system need mediators. In all instances the court does
not sit without mediators. This would demonstrate to
the customary landowners the opportunities for them
in participating in the urban development process, in
partnership with other stakeholders.
Moreover, there is at present an inefficient land dispute
settlement system resulting in many outstanding land
dispute cases. If the village courts system is revised and
improved it could not only be where customary land
ownership disputes are initially handled and resolved
but could also provide an opportunity for customary
land owners to be made aware of the citys urban
development.
OBJECTIVES: (1) Village courts to be properly
resourced to effectively deal with disputes at village
project proposals - laND
levels. (2) Land mediators to be well versed with the

Customary Land Dispute Settlement Act and mediation
skills as well as City Plans. (3) Land owners to be given
the opportunity to settle their land disputes in a just
manner.
46
46
ACRONYMS
BAHA Business Coalition Against HIV/AIDS

CIS Correctional Institutional Services
DEC Department of Environment and Conservation
DLPP Department of Lands and Physical Planning
NAC National AIDS Council
NCDC National Capital District Commission
NCD National Capital District
NCDPPB National Capital District Commission Physical Planning Board
PMV Public Motor Vehicle
RPNGC Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary
47
CONTACTS:
Alioune Badiane, Director, Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States
e-mail: [email protected]
Alain Grimard, Senior Human Settlements Officer, Programme Manager

PORT MORESBY Focal Point:

Chris Radford
48

Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Urban Profile

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Regional and Technical Cooperation Division

PAPUA NEW GUINEA:

Copyright United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), 2010

All rights reserved

United Nations Human Settlements Programme publications can be obtained from

UN-HABITAT Regional and Information Offices or directly from:

P.O.Box 30030, GPO 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.

Fax: + (254 20) 762 4266/7

ISBN Number: 978-92-1-132241-5

Photo credits: Office of Urbanization

Design and Layout: Kerstin Sommer and Florence Kuria

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

According to As part of our drive to address this crisis, UN-HABITAT

Dr. Joan Clos

and provision of essential infrastructure services.

project implementation. This is the Port Moresby report

supply to meet increased demand. These settlements are

INTRODUCTION Phase two builds on the priorities identified through

port moresby URBAN profile - background

Informal and private sectors WATER

port moresby URBAN profile - background

port moresby URBAN profile - background

residents of the city their right to a democratically

port moresby URBAN profile - governance

Improve budget formulation processes to enable a

Formulate a comprehensive training policy and

Improve community participation in all levels of

Improve communication channels between the

Improve revenue collection efficiency.

Facilitate and coordinate the NGOs working in

Project proposal Page 20

Project proposal Page 21

Project proposal Page 21

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Priorities

OBJECTIVES: Establish a locally run Citizens Forum

DURATION: 3 months. DURATION: 3 months.

INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS 20 formal settlements has deteriorated over the past 20

Moitaka Ridge Pilot Settlement Project

Launch the NCD Settlement Strategic Plan and

Improve networking with a view to developing

Conduct awareness campaigns to ensure better

Commence sustainable low income settlement

Prepare a settlements improvement manual.

Introduce a Small Loan Scheme for settlements

Review and Update Existing Data on Settlements

Project proposal Page 26

Project proposal Page 26

existing shelter and settlements

SLUMS Project proposal Page 27

Project proposal Page 27

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats PRIORITIES

EMPOWERMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY - SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

being if they are more

LOCATION: Port Moresby. LOCATION: Port Moresby.

ACTIVITIES: (1) Do a stakeholder analysis to identify OUTPUT INDICATOR: A computerised database

OUTPUT INDICATORS: (1) A drop in illegal

LOCATION: Port Moresby. LOCATION: Port Moresby.

OUTPUT INDICATOR: A timely, appropriate and

In spite of some positive approaches taken to combat Institutional set-up

port moresby URBAN profile - gender and hiv/aids