Hookes Law Experiment Data, Analysis and Conclusions

Ege Dikilitas

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1)Background Information
Hookes Law states that an elastic material will change size and
shape when applied a stress. The amount of stress applied to it is
directly proportional to the change in both size and the shape.

General Formula
F = -k . x (1)

F is the force applied to string (Newton)

k is the spring constant (Newton/ milimeter)

x is the extension of the material (milimeter)

Figure 1.0

This proportion is conserved

until the object reaches its
elastic limit. Beyond that
point, the material will not
stretch back into the original
shape.

Figure 1.1
 2) Application and Method
The experiment first should be set
as shown in Figure 2.0 . The Figure 2.0
experiment equipment include
spring, clamps, weight, meter stick
and the ring stand. The data which
include , length of the spring
without the mass, is measured.
The second step is to collect the
data of extension by the help of
meter stick. The experiment
have been done repeatedly with
increasing weights from 1-10
Newton . If the force applied by the
weight is greater than the elastic
limit of the spring, it will not turn
back to its original length. The
case in this experiment was
concluded following this
information. A graph of
Extension(mm) against
Force(Newton) is drawn.

3)Data

Graph of Materials y1 and y2

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20.00
18.00 y = 2.0583x + 0.2

16.00
Extension (mm)

14.00
12.00 y = 1.5583x + 1.375
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
Intersection
2.00 Point
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00

Force (Newton)
Y1 Y2 Intersection Point Linear (Y1) Linear (Y2)

Figure 2.1
 The figure 2.1 has two intersecting lines with the equations y1= ax+b and the
factor of x in the equation equals to a. The constant value of the line equation is
b. After a and b were found, the equation of y2 and z materials were also formed
which were y2= (a+0.5)x+c and z=(x)3+b .
The Intersection point of those two lines produce a solution in simultaneous
equation because their abscissa and ordinate values should be the same at that
exact point. Solution:
a= 1.5583 & b= 1.375 when y1=y2 this gives an equality such as;
1st Step: 1.5583x+1.375 = 2.0583x +0.2 0.5x= 1.175 x=2.35
2nd Step: (2.0583)(2.35) +0.2 y=5.037

Material z

Deformation Graph of z
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800.000

700.000
Overall Values Obtained
Deformation of z (mm)

600.000 Figure 3.1

500.000 x Y1 Y2 z
1.00 3.00 2.2583 2.375
400.000 2.00 4.50 4.3166 9.375
3.00 6.00 6.3749 28.375
300.000 4.00 7.50 8.4332 65.375
5.00 9.00 10.4915 126.375
200.000 6.00 10.50 12.5498 217.375
7.00 13.00 14.6081 344.375
100.000 8.00 14.00 16.6664 513.375
9.00 15.00 18.7247 730.375
0.000
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 Ege Dikilitas
Force (Newton)
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Figure 3.0
 4) Analysis and Conclusions
The Hookes Law states that the extension of an object is limited with its
elastic limit. Applying force beyond this point will cause shape and size
changes which are permanent. The experiment includes three materials:
y1,y2 and z. The graphs of y1 and y2 are linear and the intersection point
produces two equations which are equivalent to each other. The Hookes
Law states that the force applied to an object is directly proportioned with
its extension. In experiment conditions, where every aspect cannot be
perfectly designed, some values were found with a %10 error margin.

Differences Between Graphs: The graphs showing y1 and y2 are

experimenting the case which, the elastic limit is not reached and the
Hookes Law is conserved in direct proportions. The values which were
obtained are showcasing the numerical values of extension. These
materials get into their old shape when the weight is removed. On the other
hand, the graph of z, showcases the numerical values of deformation
which causes the material to change permanently. The force applied to z
is beyond its elastic limit. The results were found and observed according
to this information.
It is common to end up with an understandable margin for error in this .
experiment because of the fact that the conditions are not %100 perfect. This can
be exampled such as; the value found for extension on the graph y1 has one dot,
particularly out of the trend line.(This happened when 7N forced is applied to y1).
This example and other uncertainties can be explained with these factors in the
experiment:
The mass could have been placed with a slight drop which caused a
minimal uncertainty.
The ruler could have been slightly misplaced so the extension value
was found incorrectly
The apparatus calibration could have been inaccurate
Selecting the marker value of the closest number
Unknowingly applying external forces such as dropping the weight
rather than placing it..
References
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/permot2.html
http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/topics/forces/hooke.htm
https://www.scribd.com/doc/181179091/Physics-Report-HOOKE-S-LAW