Author name:- S.S.

Phuse

Abstract:-
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals ,biological
contaminants ,suspended solids and gases from contaminated water .Propose
water purification system for remote areas focus on providing a pure drinking
water at low cost with high reliability to the rural families. It involves the
research, design and manufacture of water purification system using
renewable energy . It consist of a combination of solar pasteurization, reverse
osmosis (RO) and ultraviolet (UV) lamp sterilizer system with power supplied
by photovoltaic (PV) modules. It is an effective method to deactivate bacteria
,viruses and protozoan in contaminated water .This method can be made
portable ,cost effective ,user compliant and energy efficient enough to meet
the drinking water needs .Experimentation is carried out for testing six
different water samples. Water samples selected are tap water, well water,
river water, lake water, muddy water and colour water. All the water samples
are analyzed and tested in a laboratory for different parameters and found
within the standard range .This paper will be helpful for those who are working
in the area of water purification system and their use in remote areas.

Author name :Eric Harshfield Department of Chemical Engg.

Abstract
This paper presents a sustainable development project in which University of
Virginia students collaborated with University of Venda faculty, Global
Sustainability Club students, and local community members to address water
problems in a village in the Venda region of the Limpopo Province, South
Africa. The cohorts goal was to implement a sustainable and contextually
appropriate water purification and distribution system. The authors present
the design and constructed process for a slow sand filtration system intended
to provide clean drinking water to most households in the community. They
present and analyze the successes, failures, and ethical dilemmas encountered
throughout project execution. Also, the authors assess the project based on
three evaluation criteria for service learning projects and explore possibilities
for follow-up through the collaboration between the University of Virginia and
the University of Venda. The paper ends with a reflection examining aspects of
engineering community engagement projects including site assessments prior
to project implementation, project timeframes, and crosscultural institutional
collaborations.

Author name : Susan Murcott

Abstract:-
A range of household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) products are
available in Northern Region Ghana which have the potential to significantly
improve local drinking water quality. However, to date, the region has failed to
see significant HWTS product adoption and sustained use. Therefore, this
consumer preference study was conducted to give HWTS implementing
organizations a method and tool to help stimulate product uptake by tailoring
water quality interventions to local preferences and needs. Ultimately, this
work highlights a discrete set of HWTS products most likely to have the
greatest impact on local drinking water quality, based on product
effectiveness, adoption and sustained use. The research methodology included
a consumer preference survey and water quality testing in 237 households in
four rural and three urban communities around Tamale, Ghana in January
2008. Turbidity testing and total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (E.coli)
removal were used to assess source water quality. The research confirmed that
local purchasing decisions are dominated by a desire for products that offer a
major health improvement and have a traditional durable product look, with
relatively less importance placed on water taste and look, treatment time and
price. The data was used to generate baseline consumer profiles based on a
combination of demographic characteristics, source water quality, HWTS
product preferences, ability to pay, and purchasing behavior. The consumer
profiles reveal that a traditional durable product such as Pure Home Waters
Kosim ceramic pot filter is a good fit for communities with turbid source water;
however, a portfolio HWTS approach will be required to meet the diverse
needs of the northern Ghana population. Specifically, there is a cross-segment
need for a safe storage product as well as a low-cost chlorine disinfection
option. There is an opportunity for revenue generation through a sachet water
business targeted to the high-income segment of the urban market. Finally,
continued investment in filtration and flocculation technology options will be
required to effectively serve rural communities that utilize surfaces waters
with average turbidities >200 NTU.

Author name:- saripalli bhavani sanker

Abstract:-
Universal access to safe drinking water still remains a goal to be achieved in
India. In spite of huge spending on development of water infrastructure, we
have not been able to arrest the spread of water borne diseases. The
constraints faced by the state Governments in supplying safe drinking water to
their citizens and ever increasing demand for drinking water is paving the way
for private players. Rural India with the concentration of a large percentage of
population and limited infrastructure faces serious problems in terms of
availability of safe drinking water. In this scenario, low cost water purifiers
produced by companies are making their inroads into villages either through
regular channels or through non-government organizations. Further, some
companies are setting up their own foundations, which propagate business
models, selling safe drinking water profitably. This article looks into such
market based solutions and analyses their strengths and weaknesses. It
elaborates on the challenges faced by marketers, while selling water
purifiers or safe water to large number of rural consumers. Finally, it suggests
that marketers need to sell the concept of safe water, change the behavior of
consumers, and focus on products or services which are acceptable,
affordable, and available continuously.

Author name:- Carl Lilja

Abstract :-
The provision of clean water is an important issue to solve and there is no one
solution, thankfully. Different areas have different problems and resources and
no one solution can be applied to all. In developed countries, water is often
pumped from a nearby lake or from groundwater and extensively treated in
several stages in large plants to ensure safety. Water is commonly filtrated,
sometimes in several stages with chemicals added to completely eliminate the
smallest particles of pollutants and to speed up the process. Chemicals are
then filtered out again. Filtration in various forms is so far the only method to
clean water, apart from UV-purification, whether it be a traditional slow sand
filter or a reverse osmosis system or a modern, large scale filter in a water-
purification plant. In developing countries such large-scale infrastructure does
not exist, thus polluted water is a big problem. Charities are very active in
combating this problem, especially in rural areas, helping villages to install
sanitation facilities and groundwater pumps or water purification technology.
The focus of this paper will be on smaller, household systems for purifying
water, looking at existing appropriate technology for purifying water in
developing countries, with a special focus on Zambia in sub-saharan Africa.
Background is also provided on water, the diseases associated with unsafe
water and their effect on a population.