# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Example 7. 3D Steel W-section Frame

# Silvia Mazzoni & Frank McKenna, 2006

# nonlinearBeamColumn element, inelastic fiber section

# SET UP ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

wipe; # clear memory of all past model definitions

model BasicBuilder -ndm 3 -ndf 6; # Define the model builder, ndm=#dimension, ndf=#dofs

set dataDir Data; # set up name of data directory -- remove

file mkdir $dataDir; # create data directory

set GMdir "../GMfiles"; # ground-motion file directory

source LibUnits.tcl; # define units

source DisplayPlane.tcl; # procedure for displaying a plane in model

source DisplayModel3D.tcl; # procedure for displaying 3D perspectives of model

source Wsection.tcl; # procedure to define fiber W section

# define GEOMETRY -------------------------------------------------------------

# define structure-geometry paramters

set LCol [expr 12*$ft]; # column height (parallel to Y axis)

set LBeam [expr 20*$ft]; # beam length (parallel to X axis)

set LGird [expr 20*$ft]; # girder length (parallel to Z axis)

# ------ frame configuration

set NStory 3; # number of stories above ground level

set NBay 1; # number of bays in X direction

set NBayZ 1; # number of bays in Z direction

puts "Number of Stories in Y: $NStory; Number of bays in X: $NBay; Number of bays in Z: $NBayZ"

# define NODAL COORDINATES

# calculate locations of beam/column intersections:

set X1 0.;

set X2 [expr $X1 + $LBeam];

set Y1 0.;

set Y2 [expr $Y1 + $LCol];

set Y3 [expr $Y2 + $LCol];

set Y4 [expr $Y3 + $LCol];

set Z1 0.0;

set Z2 [expr $Z1 + $LGird];

node 111 $X1 $Y1 $Z1; # frame 1

node 112 $X2 $Y1 $Z1;

node 121 $X1 $Y2 $Z1;

node 122 $X2 $Y2 $Z1;

node 131 $X1 $Y3 $Z1;

node 132 $X2 $Y3 $Z1;

node 141 $X1 $Y4 $Z1;

node 142 $X2 $Y4 $Z1;

node 211 $X1 $Y1 $Z2; # frame 2

node 212 $X2 $Y1 $Z2;

node 221 $X1 $Y2 $Z2;

node 222 $X2 $Y2 $Z2;

node 231 $X1 $Y3 $Z2;

node 232 $X2 $Y3 $Z2;

node 241 $X1 $Y4 $Z2;

node 242 $X2 $Y4 $Z2;

# define Rigid Floor Diaphragm

set RigidDiaphragm ON ; # options: ON, OFF. specify this before the analysis parameters
are set the constraints are handled differently.

set Xa [expr ($X2+$X1)/2]; # mid-span coordinate for rigid diaphragm

set Za [expr ($Z2+$Z1)/2];

# rigid-diaphragm nodes in center of each diaphram

node 1121 $Xa $Y2 $Za; # master nodes for rigid diaphragm -- story 2, bay 1, frame 1-2

node 1131 $Xa $Y3 $Za; # master nodes for rigid diaphragm -- story 3, bay 1, frame 1-2

node 1141 $Xa $Y4 $Za; # master nodes for rigid diaphragm -- story 4, bay 1, frame 1-2

# Constraints for rigid diaphragm master nodes

fix 1121 0 1 0 1 0 1

fix 1131 0 1 0 1 0 1

fix 1141 0 1 0 1 0 1

# ------------------------define Rigid Diaphram, dof 2 is normal to floor

set perpDirn 2;

rigidDiaphragm $perpDirn 1121 121 122 221 222; # level 2

rigidDiaphragm $perpDirn 1131 131 132 231 232; # level 3

rigidDiaphragm $perpDirn 1141 141 142 241 242; # level 4

# determine support nodes where ground motions are input, for multiple-support excitation

set iSupportNode "111 112 211 212"

# BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

fixY 0.0 1 1 1 0 1 0; # pin all Y=0.0 nodes

# calculated MODEL PARAMETERS, particular to this model

# Set up parameters that are particular to the model for displacement control

set IDctrlNode 141; # node where displacement is read for displacement control

set IDctrlDOF 1; # degree of freedom of displacement read for displacement control

set LBuilding [expr $Y4]; # total building height

# Define SECTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------

set SectionType FiberSection; # options: Elastic FiberSection

# define section tags:

set ColSecTag 1

set BeamSecTag 2

set GirdSecTag 3

set ColSecTagFiber 4

set BeamSecTagFiber 5

set GirdSecTagFiber 6

set SecTagTorsion 70
if {$SectionType == "Elastic"} {

# material properties:

set Es [expr 29000*$ksi]; # Steel Young's Modulus

set nu 0.3; # Poisson's ratio

set Gs [expr $Es/2./[expr 1+$nu]]; # Torsional stiffness Modulus

set J $Ubig; # set large torsional stiffness

# column sections: W27x114

set AgCol [expr 33.5*pow($in,2)]; # cross-sectional area

set IzCol [expr 4090.*pow($in,4)]; # moment of Inertia

set IyCol [expr 159.*pow($in,4)]; # moment of Inertia

# beam sections: W24x94

set AgBeam [expr 27.7*pow($in,2)]; # cross-sectional area

set IzBeam [expr 2700.*pow($in,4)]; # moment of Inertia

set IyBeam [expr 109.*pow($in,4)]; # moment of Inertia

# girder sections: W24x94

set AgGird [expr 27.7*pow($in,2)]; # cross-sectional area

set IzGird [expr 2700.*pow($in,4)]; # moment of Inertia

set IyGird [expr 109.*pow($in,4)]; # moment of Inertia

section Elastic $ColSecTag $Es $AgCol $IzCol $IyCol $Gs $J

section Elastic $BeamSecTag $Es $AgBeam $IzBeam $IyBeam $Gs $J

section Elastic $GirdSecTag $Es $AgGird $IzGird $IyGird $Gs $J

set matIDhard 1; # material numbers for recorder (this stressstrain recorder will
be blank, as this is an elastic section)
} elseif {$SectionType == "FiberSection"} {

# define MATERIAL properties

set Fy [expr 60.0*$ksi]

set Es [expr 29000*$ksi]; # Steel Young's Modulus

set nu 0.3;

set Gs [expr $Es/2./[expr 1+$nu]]; # Torsional stiffness Modulus

set Hiso 0

set Hkin 1000

set matIDhard 1

uniaxialMaterial Hardening $matIDhard $Es $Fy $Hiso $Hkin

# ELEMENT properties

# Structural-Steel W-section properties

# column sections: W27x114

set d [expr 27.29*$in]; # depth

set bf [expr 10.07*$in]; # flange width

set tf [expr 0.93*$in]; # flange thickness

set tw [expr 0.57*$in]; # web thickness

set nfdw 16; # number of fibers along dw

set nftw 2; # number of fibers along tw

set nfbf 16; # number of fibers along bf

set nftf 4; # number of fibers along tf

Wsection $ColSecTagFiber $matIDhard $d $bf $tf $tw $nfdw $nftw $nfbf $nftf

# beam sections: W24x94

set d [expr 24.31*$in]; # depth

 set bf [expr 9.065*$in]; # flange width

set tf [expr 0.875*$in]; # flange thickness

set tw [expr 0.515*$in]; # web thickness

set nfdw 16; # number of fibers along dw

set nftw 2; # number of fibers along tw

set nfbf 16; # number of fibers along bf

set nftf 4; # number of fibers along tf

Wsection $BeamSecTagFiber $matIDhard $d $bf $tf $tw $nfdw $nftw $nfbf $nftf

# girder sections: W24x94

set d [expr 24.31*$in]; # depth

set bf [expr 9.065*$in]; # flange width

set tf [expr 0.875*$in]; # flange thickness

set tw [expr 0.515*$in]; # web thickness

set nfdw 16; # number of fibers along dw

set nftw 2; # number of fibers along tw

set nfbf 16; # number of fibers along bf

set nftf 4; # number of fibers along tf

Wsection $GirdSecTagFiber $matIDhard $d $bf $tf $tw $nfdw $nftw $nfbf $nftf

# assign torsional Stiffness for 3D Model

uniaxialMaterial Elastic $SecTagTorsion $Ubig

section Aggregator $ColSecTag $SecTagTorsion T -section $ColSecTagFiber

section Aggregator $BeamSecTag $SecTagTorsion T -section $BeamSecTagFiber

section Aggregator $GirdSecTag $SecTagTorsion T -section $GirdSecTagFiber

} else {
 puts "No section has been defined"

return -1

set QdlCol [expr 114*$lbf/$ft]; # W-section weight per length

set QBeam [expr 94*$lbf/$ft]; # W-section weight per length

set QGird [expr 94*$lbf/$ft]; # W-section weight per length

# define ELEMENTS -------------------------------------------------------

# set up geometric transformations of element

# separate columns and beams, in case of P-Delta analysis for columns

# in 3D model, assign vector vecxz

set IDColTransf 1; # all columns

set IDBeamTransf 2; # all beams

set IDGirdTransf 3; # all girders

set ColTransfType Linear ; # options, Linear PDelta Corotational

geomTransf $ColTransfType $IDColTransf 0 0 1 ; # only columns can have PDelta effects (gravity
effects)

geomTransf Linear $IDBeamTransf 0 0 1

geomTransf Linear $IDGirdTransf 1 0 0

# Define Beam-Column Elements

set np 5; # number of Gauss integration points for nonlinear curvature distribution

# Frame 1

# columns
element nonlinearBeamColumn 1111 111 121 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf; # level 1-2

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1112 112 122 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1121 121 131 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf; # level 2-3

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1122 122 132 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1131 131 141 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf; # level 3-4

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1132 132 142 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf

# beams

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1221 121 122 $np $BeamSecTag $IDBeamTransf; # level 2

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1231 131 132 $np $BeamSecTag $IDBeamTransf; # level 3

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1241 141 142 $np $BeamSecTag $IDBeamTransf; # level 4

# Frame 2

# columns

element nonlinearBeamColumn 2111 211 221 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf; # level 1-2

element nonlinearBeamColumn 2112 212 222 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf

element nonlinearBeamColumn 2121 221 231 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf; # level 2-3

element nonlinearBeamColumn 2122 222 232 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf

element nonlinearBeamColumn 2131 231 241 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf; # level 3-4

element nonlinearBeamColumn 2132 232 242 $np $ColSecTag $IDColTransf

# beams

element nonlinearBeamColumn 2221 221 222 $np $BeamSecTag $IDBeamTransf; # level 2

element nonlinearBeamColumn 2231 231 232 $np $BeamSecTag $IDBeamTransf; # level 3

element nonlinearBeamColumn 2241 241 242 $np $BeamSecTag $IDBeamTransf; # level 4

# girders connecting frames

# Frame 1-2

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1321 121 221 $np $GirdSecTag $IDGirdTransf; # level 2

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1322 122 222 $np $GirdSecTag $IDGirdTransf;

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1331 131 231 $np $GirdSecTag $IDGirdTransf; # level 3

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1332 132 232 $np $GirdSecTag $IDGirdTransf;

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1341 141 241 $np $GirdSecTag $IDGirdTransf; # level 4

element nonlinearBeamColumn 1342 142 242 $np $GirdSecTag $IDGirdTransf;

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Define GRAVITY LOADS, weight and masses

# calculate dead load of frame, assume this to be an internal frame (do LL in a similar manner)

# calculate distributed weight along the beam length

set GammaConcrete [expr 150*$pcf]; # Reinforced-Concrete weight density (weight

per volume)

set Tslab [expr 6*$in]; # 6-inch slab

set Lslab [expr $LGird/2]; # slab extends a distance of $LGird/2 in/out of plane

set DLfactor 1.0; # scale dead load up a little

set Qslab [expr $GammaConcrete*$Tslab*$Lslab*$DLfactor];

set QdlBeam [expr $Qslab + $QBeam]; # dead load distributed along beam (one-way slab)

set QdlGird $QGird; # dead load distributed along girder

set WeightCol [expr $QdlCol*$LCol]; # total Column weight

set WeightBeam [expr $QdlBeam*$LBeam]; # total Beam weight

set WeightGird [expr $QdlGird*$LGird]; # total Beam weight

# assign masses to the nodes that the columns are connected to

# each connection takes the mass of 1/2 of each element framing into it (mass=weight/$g)

set Mmid [expr ($WeightCol/2 + $WeightCol/2 +$WeightBeam/2+$WeightGird/2)/$g];

set Mtop [expr ($WeightCol/2 + $WeightBeam/2+$WeightGird/2)/$g];

# frame 1

mass 121 $Mmid 0 $Mmid 0. 0. 0.; # level 2

mass 122 $Mmid 0 $Mmid 0. 0. 0.;

mass 131 $Mmid 0 $Mmid 0. 0. 0.; # level 3

mass 132 $Mmid 0 $Mmid 0. 0. 0.;

mass 141 $Mtop 0 $Mtop 0. 0. 0.; # level 4

mass 142 $Mtop 0 $Mtop 0. 0. 0.;

# frame 2

mass 221 $Mmid 0 $Mmid 0. 0. 0.; # level 2

mass 222 $Mmid 0 $Mmid 0. 0. 0.;

mass 231 $Mmid 0 $Mmid 0. 0. 0.; # level 3

mass 232 $Mmid 0 $Mmid 0. 0. 0.;

mass 241 $Mtop 0 $Mtop 0. 0. 0.; # level 4

mass 242 $Mtop 0 $Mtop 0. 0. 0.;

set FloorWeight2 [expr 4*$WeightCol + 2*$WeightGird + 2*$WeightBeam]

set FloorWeight3 [expr 4*$WeightCol + 2*$WeightGird + 2*$WeightBeam]

set FloorWeight4 [expr 2*$WeightCol + 2*$WeightGird + 2*$WeightBeam]

set WeightTotal [expr $FloorWeight2+$FloorWeight3+$FloorWeight4]; # total building

weight
set MassTotal [expr $WeightTotal/$g]; # total building
mass

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# LATERAL-LOAD distribution for static pushover analysis

# calculate distribution of lateral load based on mass/weight distributions along building height

# Fj = WjHj/sum(WiHi) * Weight at each floor j

set sumWiHi [expr $FloorWeight2*$Y2+$FloorWeight3*$Y3+$FloorWeight4*$Y4]; # sum

of storey weight times height, for lateral-load distribution

set WiHi2 [expr $FloorWeight2*$Y2]; # storey weight times height, for lateral-load
distribution

set WiHi3 [expr $FloorWeight3*$Y3]; # storey weight times height, for lateral-load
distribution

set WiHi4 [expr $FloorWeight4*$Y4]; # storey weight times height, for lateral-load
distribution

set F2 [expr $WiHi2/$sumWiHi*$WeightTotal]; # lateral load at level

set F3 [expr $WiHi3/$sumWiHi*$WeightTotal]; # lateral load at level

set F4 [expr $WiHi4/$sumWiHi*$WeightTotal]; # lateral load at level

# Define RECORDERS -------------------------------------------------------------

recorder Node -file $dataDir/DFree.out -time -node 141 -dof 1 2 3 disp; #

displacements of free node

recorder Node -file $dataDir/DBase.out -time -node 111 112 211 212 -dof 1 2 3 disp; #
displacements of support nodes

recorder Node -file $dataDir/RBase.out -time -node 111 112 211 212 -dof 1 2 3 reaction;
# support reaction

recorder Drift -file $dataDir/DrNode.out -time -iNode 111 -jNode 141 -dof 1 -perpDirn 2; #
lateral drift
recorder Element -file $dataDir/Fel1.out -time -ele 1111 localForce; #
element forces in local coordinates

recorder Element -xml $dataDir/PlasticRotation1.out -time -ele 1111 plasticRotation;

# element forces in local coordinates

recorder Element -file $dataDir/ForceEle1sec1.out -time -ele 1111 section 1 force;

# section forces, axial and moment, node i

recorder Element -file $dataDir/DefoEle1sec1.out -time -ele 11111 section 1 deformation;

# section deformations, axial and curvature, node i

recorder Element -file $dataDir/ForceEle1sec$np.out -time -ele 111 section $np force;
# section forces, axial and moment, node j

recorder Element -file $dataDir/DefoEle1sec$np.out -time -ele 1111 section $np deformation;
# section deformations, axial and curvature, node j

set yFiber [expr 0.]; # fiber location for

stress-strain recorder, local coords

set zFiber [expr 0.]; # fiber location for

stress-strain recorder, local coords

recorder Element -file $dataDir/SSreinfEle1sec1.out -time -ele 1111 section $np fiber $yFiber $zFiber
stressStrain; # steel fiber stress-strain, node i

# Define DISPLAY -------------------------------------------------------------

set xPixels 1200; # height of graphical window in pixels

set yPixels 800; # height of graphical window in pixels

set xLoc1 10; # horizontal location of graphical window (0=upper left-most corner)

set yLoc1 10; # vertical location of graphical window (0=upper left-most corner)

set dAmp 2; # scaling factor for viewing deformed shape, it depends on the dimensions of the model

DisplayModel3D NodeNumbers $dAmp $xLoc1 $yLoc1 $xPixels $yPixels

# define GRAVITY -------------------------------------------------------------

# GRAVITY LOADS # define gravity load applied to beams and columns -- eleLoad applies loads in
local coordinate axis

pattern Plain 101 Linear {

# Frame 1

# columns

eleLoad -ele 1111 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol; # level 1-2

eleLoad -ele 1112 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol

eleLoad -ele 1121 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol; # level 2-3

eleLoad -ele 1122 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol

eleLoad -ele 1131 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol; # level 3-4

eleLoad -ele 1132 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol

# beams

eleLoad -ele 1221 -type -beamUniform -$QdlBeam 0.; # level 2

eleLoad -ele 1231 -type -beamUniform -$QdlBeam 0.; # level 3

eleLoad -ele 1241 -type -beamUniform -$QdlBeam 0.; # level 4

# Frame 2

# columns

eleLoad -ele 2111 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol; # level 1-2

eleLoad -ele 2112 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol

eleLoad -ele 2121 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol; # level 2-3

eleLoad -ele 2122 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol

eleLoad -ele 2131 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol; # level 3-4

eleLoad -ele 2132 -type -beamUniform 0. 0. -$QdlCol

# beams

eleLoad -ele 2221 -type -beamUniform -$QdlBeam 0.; # level 2

 eleLoad -ele 2231 -type -beamUniform -$QdlBeam 0.; # level 3

eleLoad -ele 2241 -type -beamUniform -$QdlBeam 0.; # level 4

# girders connecting frames

# Frame 1-2

eleLoad -ele 1321 -type -beamUniform -$QdlGird 0.; # level 2

eleLoad -ele 1322 -type -beamUniform -$QdlGird 0.;

eleLoad -ele 1331 -type -beamUniform -$QdlGird 0.; # level 3

eleLoad -ele 1332 -type -beamUniform -$QdlGird 0.;

eleLoad -ele 1341 -type -beamUniform -$QdlGird 0.; # level 4

eleLoad -ele 1342 -type -beamUniform -$QdlGird 0.;

# Gravity-analysis parameters -- load-controlled static analysis

set Tol 1.0e-8; # convergence tolerance for test

variable constraintsTypeGravity Plain; # default;

if { [info exists RigidDiaphragm] == 1} {

if {$RigidDiaphragm=="ON"} {

variable constraintsTypeGravity Lagrange; # large model: try Transformation

}; # if rigid diaphragm is on

}; # if rigid diaphragm exists

constraints $constraintsTypeGravity ; # how it handles boundary conditions

numberer RCM; # renumber dof's to minimize band-width (optimization), if you want to

system BandGeneral ; # how to store and solve the system of equations in the analysis (large
model: try UmfPack)

test EnergyIncr $Tol 6 ; # determine if convergence has been achieved at the end of an iteration
step
algorithm Newton; # use Newton's solution algorithm: updates tangent stiffness at
every iteration

set NstepGravity 10; # apply gravity in 10 steps

set DGravity [expr 1./$NstepGravity]; # first load increment;

integrator LoadControl $DGravity; # determine the next time step for an analysis

analysis Static; # define type of analysis static or transient

analyze $NstepGravity; # apply gravity

# ------------------------------------------------- maintain constant gravity loads and reset time to zero

loadConst -time 0.0

set Tol 1.0e-6; # reduce tolerance after gravity loads

puts "Model Built"