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Past Paper Solution

This document contains instructions and questions for a final examination on fluid flow and heat transfer. It provides details such as the time allowed, number of questions, and materials permitted. The 5 questions address topics like heat transfer mechanisms, thermal insulation calculations, temperature distributions in electrically heated wires, heat dissipation from flat plates, and useful heat removal rates from solar collectors. Students are asked to show working and state assumptions made in derivations or calculations.

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Paulo Pollo
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529 views4 pages

Past Paper Solution

This document contains instructions and questions for a final examination on fluid flow and heat transfer. It provides details such as the time allowed, number of questions, and materials permitted. The 5 questions address topics like heat transfer mechanisms, thermal insulation calculations, temperature distributions in electrically heated wires, heat dissipation from flat plates, and useful heat removal rates from solar collectors. Students are asked to show working and state assumptions made in derivations or calculations.

Uploaded by

Paulo Pollo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: _______________________________

Student ID:________________________________

Signature:________________________________

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

FINAL EXAMINATION - SAMPLE

MATS2005: Introduction to Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer

1. TIME ALLOWED 2 hours

2. READING TIME 10 minutes

3. THIS EXAMINATION PAPER HAS 2 PAGES

4. TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS 5

5. TOTAL MARKS AVAILABLE 100

6. MARKS AVAILABLE FOR EACH QUESTION ARE SHOWN IN THE EXAMINATION PAPER

7. ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN IN INK. EXCEPT WHERE THEY ARE EXPRESSLY REQUIRED,
PENCILS MAY BE USED ONLY FOR DRAWING, SKETCHING OR GRAPHICAL WORK

8. THIS PAPER MAY NOT BE RETAINED BY CANDIDATE

9. CANDIDATES MAY BRING TO THE EXAMINATION: Calculator, Drawing Instruments.

************************

NB: State clearly assumptions, if any, made in your equation derivation and/or
calculation.
1. Answer the following questions:
(a) Taking the heat transfer from a vertical plate as an example, briefly discuss the
difference between heat transfers by forced convection and natural convection. (10
Marks)
(b) Briefly explain the blackbody and grey surface. (10 Marks)

Solution:
a) Force convection: The flow is driven by an external force and the flow type is
characterised by Reynolds number. The flow velocity within the boundary layer
increases from the plate the boundary; Natural convection: The flow is driven by the
buoyance force due to temperature difference inside the fluid. The flow type is
characterised by Rayleigh number. The flow velocities are both zero at the plate and
boundary and has a maximum value between the two locations.
b) Blackbody: An ideal emitter which has the highest emissive power at a given
temperature. It absorbs all incident radiation. Its radiation is described Stefan-
Boltzmann law. A grey surface is a real surface whose radiation is independent of
wavelength.

2. A cast-iron (km = 40 W/mK) steam pipe of 0.15m O.D. and 0.12m I.D. carries steam at
250C. It is insulated with an insulating material of km = 0.04 W/mK. The ambient
temperature is 0C and the outer and inner heat transfer coefficients are, respectively, 30
W/m2K and 200 W/m2K. Calculate the thickness of insulation, when placed on the outer
surface, giving the same heat flux through the wall as a 0.02m thickness insulation
placed on the inner wall? (20 Marks)

Solutions:
Insulation on the inside
1 ln( D2 D1 ) ln( D3 D2 ) 1
Rtotal
D1hi 2 k1 2 k2 D3ho
1 ln(0.12 0.08) ln(0.15 0.12) 1
0.08 200 2 0.04 2 40 0.15 30
1.705
Insulation from the outside
1 ln( D2 D1 ) ln( D3 D2 ) 1
Rtotal 1.705
D1hi 2 k1 2 k2 D3ho
1 ln(0.15 0.12) ln( D3 0.15) 1
0.12 200 2 40 2 0.04 D3 30
With the last term being ignored (4th term << 3rd term)
D3 0.227m
Thickness=(0.227 0.15) / 2 0.0385m
3. A platinum wire of length 0.5 m and diameter 1 mm conducts a current of 10 A. The
ambient temperature is 20 C and the heat transfer coefficient at the surface of the wire is
20 Wm-2K-1. The thermal conductivity of platinum is 47 Wm-1K-1 and the specific
resistivity is 10.6 cm. Calculate the temperature difference between the centre and
the surface of the wire (20 Marks)

4. When immersed in an airstream flowing at 5m/s at a temperature of 25C, an electrically


heated flat plate of 0.3m length and 0.6m width dissipates 90W from each side. Calculate
the temperature of the plate at its trailing edge. (20 Marks)

Equations and data:


Nu x 0.453Pr1/3 Re1/2
x (For Re < 5105)
Nu x 0.0296 Pr1 / 3 Re 4x / 5 (For Re > 5105)

Data: k = 0.0261 W/mK, = 1.5710-5 m2s, Pr = 0.712

Solution
V L 5 0.3
At the trailing edge, Re L 5
95541 5 105 , so the whole flow is laminar
1.57 10
flow.

With constant heat flux boundary condition,


1/2
1/3 1/2 1/3 5x
Nux 0.453Pr Re x 0.453(0.712) 5
228 x1/2
1.57 10
Nux k
hx 5.95 x 1/2W / m2 K
x
q 90 1/2
q' 500 hx (Ts T ) 5.95 x (Ts 25)
A 0.3 0.6
Ts 25 84 x1/2
Ts , L 25 84 0.31/2 71 C
0.3
(25 84 x1/2 )dx 25 x 84 2 / 3 x3/2 0.3
0
Ts ,avg 55 C
0.3 0.3 0
5. A flat plate solar collector with no cover plate has a selective absorber surface of
emissivity 0.1 and solar absorptivity 0.95. At a given time of day the absorber surface
temperature Ts is 120 C when the solar irradiation is 750 W/m2, the effective sky
temperature is 10 C, and the ambient air temperature T is 30 C. Assume that the heat
transfer convection coefficient for the calm day conditions can be estimated from
h 0.22(Ts T )1/ 3W / m 2 K
Calculate the useful heat removal rate from the collector for these conditions. (20
Marks)
Data: Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67x10-8 W/m2K4

Solution:

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