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Molality, Activity, Activity Coefficients, Ionic Strength and The Debye-Hückel Law

This document discusses key concepts related to ionic solutions including: 1) Molality, activity, activity coefficients, ionic strength, and the Debye-Hückel law. 2) It defines molality, activity, mean ionic activity, and mean ionic molality in terms of numbers of ions and concentrations. 3) Ionic strength is defined as the sum of the product of ion concentrations and charges. 4) The Debye-Hückel law relates mean ionic activity coefficients to ionic strength through two equations - the limiting law and extended law.

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71 views1 page

Molality, Activity, Activity Coefficients, Ionic Strength and The Debye-Hückel Law

This document discusses key concepts related to ionic solutions including: 1) Molality, activity, activity coefficients, ionic strength, and the Debye-Hückel law. 2) It defines molality, activity, mean ionic activity, and mean ionic molality in terms of numbers of ions and concentrations. 3) Ionic strength is defined as the sum of the product of ion concentrations and charges. 4) The Debye-Hückel law relates mean ionic activity coefficients to ionic strength through two equations - the limiting law and extended law.

Uploaded by

anoop
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Molality, Activity, Activity Coefficients, Ionic Strength and the Debye-Hckel Law

Molality = m = moles of solute/kg of solvent


a =m a- = - m- a+ = + m+ a = m

For an ionic compound M + X that dissociates 100% M + X (v + ) M z+ + (v )X z

v+ represents the number of positive ions of charge z+


v represents the number of negative ions of charge z
and v represents the total number of ions: v = v + + v

The symbol refers to a mean ionic variable and is defined in terms of the number of ions. Thus, the
mean ionic activity coefficient is defined as = ( ++ )1/ v and consequently
mean ionic molality => m = (m+ + m )1 / v and mean ionic activity => a = (a+ + a )1/ v

The ionic strength of a solution (I) depends on the molal concentration of the ions and the charges on
1
those ions: I = m z2
2 i i i

The Debye-Hckel Law is most often presented in two formats: the Debye-Hckel Limiting Law that is
generally good for concentrations smaller than 10-2 m and the Extended Debye-Hckel Law which is
reasonable up to about 0.10 m.

Debye-Hckel Limiting Law ln = z+ z I 1/ 2 ,where = 1.171 for aqueous solutions at 25 C

z+ z I 1/ 2
Extended Debye-Hckel Law ln = , where = 1.00 for aqueous solutions at 25 C
1 + I1 / 2

NOTE THESE ARE NOT THE SAME AS THE EQUATIONS IN YOUR TEXT!

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