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    Experimental Investigation of Concrete Carbonation Under Different Conditions

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    Benharzallah Krobba
    This document summarizes an experimental study on the carbonation of concrete under different conditions. Concrete specimens were exposed to two CO2 concentrations (5% and 20%) at 70% relative humidity. The carbonation depth increased with exposure time and was greater at the higher CO2 concentration. Results showed that carbonation had a more significant effect on lower strength concretes. Carbonation tests at 5% CO2 required exposure times over 60 days to observe effects. The study provides information on modeling concrete carbonation rates.

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    Experimental Investigation of Concrete Carbonation Under Different Conditions

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    Benharzallah Krobba
    58 views4 pages
    This document summarizes an experimental study on the carbonation of concrete under different conditions. Concrete specimens were exposed to two CO2 concentrations (5% and 20%) at 70% relative humidity. The carbonation depth increased with exposure time and was greater at the higher CO2 concentration. Results showed that carbonation had a more significant effect on lower strength concretes. Carbonation tests at 5% CO2 required exposure times over 60 days to observe effects. The study provides information on modeling concrete carbonation rates.

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    This document summarizes an experimental study on the carbonation of concrete under different conditions. Concrete specimens were exposed to two CO2 concentrations (5% and 20%) at 70% relative humidity. The carbonation depth increased with exposure time and was greater at the higher CO2 concentration. Results showed that carbonation had a more significant effect on lower strength concretes. Carbonation tests at 5% CO2 required exposure times over 60 days to observe effects. The study provides information on modeling concrete carbonation rates.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views4 pages

    Experimental Investigation of Concrete Carbonation Under Different Conditions

    Uploaded by

    Benharzallah Krobba
    This document summarizes an experimental study on the carbonation of concrete under different conditions. Concrete specimens were exposed to two CO2 concentrations (5% and 20%) at 70% relative humidity. The carbonation depth increased with exposure time and was greater at the higher CO2 concentration. Results showed that carbonation had a more significant effect on lower strength concretes. Carbonation tests at 5% CO2 required exposure times over 60 days to observe effects. The study provides information on modeling concrete carbonation rates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    www.seipub.

    org/scea Study of Civil Engineering and Architecture (SCEA) Volume 2 Issue 4, December 2013

    Experimental Investigation of Concrete


    Carbonation under Different Conditions
    Nhiu Zhiguon*1, You Ri2
    State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering
    Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210024, China
    Department of Materials and Structural Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research
    Institute, Nanjing 210024, China
    [email protected]; [email protected]
    *1

    Abstract Chi, Ran Huang and C. C. Yang,2002). So carbonation


    This paper summarized the results of an experimental is one of the major factors causing structure
    investigation on the carbonation of concrete under different deterioration. From the essence, the carbonation of
    conditions. Effects of two different conditions on concrete results from both its own characteristics and
    carbonation of concrete were studied: (1) 5% CO2 external environmental conditions (Zhao Y X,Jin W
    concentration and 70% relative humidity, (2) 20% CO2 L,2002). The external environmental conditions
    concentration and 70% relative humidity. The carbonation include mainlyenvironmental temperature, carbon
    depth of specimens were obtained by experimental data and dioxide concentration, relative humidity etc.. Because
    theoretical calculation. The analytical results showed that the
    of the complexity and randomicity of natural climate
    carbonation of concrete under low CO2 concentration can
    condition, there are great arguments on the effects of
    reflect the rule of concrete carbonation very well. The
    investigations, in this paper, were not only important
    environmental conditions on carbonation of concrete
    improvement for the method of artificial accelerated (Y. H. Loo, M. S. Chin, C. T. Tam, K. C.G.Ong, 1994).
    carbonation of concrete, but also the solid foundations for In the laboratory, the artificial accelerated carbonation
    further study on the concrete carbonation. test of concrete offen is used to reflect the long-term
    effects of natural carbonation on concrete and in this
    Keywords
    method, and artificial accelerated carbonation of
    Concrete Carbonation; Carbonation Depth; CO2 Concentration; concrete can be achieved by curing the concrete
    Experimental Investigation specimens in favorable environmental conditions for
    carbonation, i.e. a high CO2 concentration, while a
    Introduction
    high CO2 concentration level also leads to the
    The durability is a major concern for concrete assessment of concrete carbonation becomes very
    structures exposed to aggressive environments difficult(Sanjuan MA, Andrade C,Cheyrezy M,2003).
    because the concrete is applied to various civil The objective of this study was to investigate the effect
    buildings extensively (NIU Ditao, CHEN Yiqi, YU Shu, of the low CO2 concentration on the rule of concrete
    1995). In the recent years, global warming has carbonation by artificial accelerated carbonation. An
    dramatically increased the atmospheric carbon- experimental investigation was carried out to study
    dioxide concentration and temperature. As a the carbonation of concrete by artificial accelerated
    consequence, carbonation has become one of the most carbonation with two different concentration.
    critical durability issues for concrete structures in
    urban environment. It is well known that carbonation Experimental Program
    in concrete regularly involves a chemical reaction
    Materials
    between carbon dioxide and the products of cement
    hydration (Saetta A V,Vitaliani R V,2005). This The concrete mixtures were produced in the
    reaction can lead to a significant reduction in the pH laboratory and the cement with a specific gravity of
    value in the carbonated zone, and may lead to steel 3.11kg/m3 was used in all mixtures. The chemical
    depassivation and subsequent reinforcement corrosion. compositions of cement and fly ash are shown in Table
    Carbonation-induced corrosion can also increase crack 1. The fine aggregate is river sand with fineness
    development and decrease concrete durability (Jack M. modulus of 2.4. The coarse aggregate with a size range

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    Study of Civil Engineering and Architecture (SCEA) Volume 2 Issue 4, December 2013 www.seipub.org/scea

    of 5~20 mm was used in all mixtures. The concrete carbonation depth increases with the growth of
    mixtures were designated as shown in Table 2. carbonation time and higher CO2 concentration level
    has a higher carbonation depth for all concrete
    A pH indicator solution (made of 1% phenolphthalein
    specimens. It can be seen that the carbonation has
    in a 70% ethyl alcohol solution) has been prepared in
    more obvious effect on the low strength concrete
    order to measure the depth of carbonation.
    specimens than on high strength concrete specimens.
    TABLE 1 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CEMENT AND FLY ASH (%)
    When the time is short (<30 days), the carbonation has
    Material CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO little effect on the the concrete specimens under 5%
    cement 62.53 20.67 6.02 5.03 1.36 CO2 concentration level. While when the time is up to
    fly ash 7.27 51.72 27.16 5.77 1.68 60 days, the carbonation has remarkable effect on the
    TABLE 2 MIX PROPORTIONS OF CONCRETE concrete specimens under 5% CO2 concentration level.
    So the carbonation time should be long enough(>60
    Cement Fly ash Sand Water coarse aggregate
    No.
    (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3)
    days) if an accelerate carbonation test was designed in
    T01 365 62 610 195 1151
    low CO2 concentration level.
    T02 315 56 714 170 1130 TABLE 4 CARBONATION DEPTH OF CONCRETE SPECIMENS (mm)
    T03 391 69 651 170 1109
    Time 5% 20%
    TABLE 3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
    (days) T01 T02 T03 T01 T02 T03
    No. compressive strength in 28 days (MPa) 20 5.77 5.54 3.89 9.34 8.12 8.06
    T01 41.2 30 7.21 6.37 4.25 10.83 9.47 10.33
    T02 44.7 60 9.32 7.69 6.19 15.28 13.88 13.41
    T03 47.5 90 12.56 9.01 8.74 17.97 16.26 14.59
    120 13.87 10.13 9.51 19.38 18.13 16.05
    Experimental Methods
    In this experiment, the specimens of 100100400 mm
    were made by mix prportion, and the specimens were
    cured at 100% relative humidity for one day and
    subsequent curing for 28 days at 23oC. The specimens
    are placed in dry oven and the temperature is kept at
    60oC for 2 days before the initiation of the experiments.
    Then concrete specimens sealed on both top and
    bottom surface were placed in the carbonation
    chamber (as shown in Figure 1)for 20~120 days with FIG. 2 CARBONATION DEPTH VS TIME UNDER DIFFERENT CO2
    two diffrents concentration levels of CO2 gas (5%, 20%), COMCENTRATION LEVELS
    Testing temperature was kept at 20oC and relative Based on the Ficks first law of diffusion, the
    humidity was 70% during the experiment. carbonation depth can be expressed as follows:
    x=K t (1)
    2Dco2
    K= C (2)
    a
    Where x is carbonation depth, K is carbonation rate
    factor, t is carbonation time (year), C is CO2
    concentration, Dco2 is dispersion coefficient of CO2 in
    concrete, a is CO2 uptake in carbonated concrete.
    Frome Eq 1 and Eq 2, a relationship can be writen as:
    FIG 1. CARBONATION CHAMBER IN THIS EXPEROMENT Ca ta
    tn = (3)
    Cn
    Results and Discussions where Cn , tn are carbonation time and CO2
    The carbonation depth of concrete specimens at the concentration in narural condition, ta , Ca are
    time of 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days are presented in carbonation time and CO2 concentration in artificial
    Table 4 and Figure 2. It was significant that the accelerated carbonation condition.

    115
    www.seipub.org/scea Study of Civil Engineering and Architecture (SCEA) Volume 2 Issue 4, December 2013

    Based on related research results (Zhang Lingmao and is 25.94%. Therefore, the carbonation depth of concrete
    Jiang Wenhui, 1990), the carbonation rate factor in specimens in the accelerate carbonation test with CO2
    narural condition can be given by concentration level of 5% is closer to the theoretical
    =
    K n 0.52 0.01R28 (4) value compared to CO2 concentration level of 20%,
    suggesting that the carbonation results under 5% CO2
    in which R28 is concrete compressive strength in 28
    concentration level agree well with the Ficks first law
    days.
    of diffusion (Ming Jing,Zhang Yamei,2010).
    The theoretical value of carbonation depth is obtained
    by the formulaes presented above, and the results are Conclusions
    shown in Table 5.
    The following conclusions can be drawn based on the
    TABLE 5 THE THEORETICAL VALUE OF CARBONATION DEPTH (mm) analysis of the test results of concrete carbonation:
    Time 5% 20% (1) The artificial accelerated carbonation of concrete
    (days) T01 T02 T03 T01 T02 T03 under low CO2 concentration level is practicable when
    20 6.24 4.62 3.18 12.47 9.24 6.35 the carbonation time is long enough.
    30 7.64 5.66 3.89 15.27 11.31 7.78
    (2) Because the carbonation results under low CO2
    60 10.80 8.00 5.50 21.60 16.00 11.00
    concentration level agree with the Ficks first law of
    90 13.23 9.80 6.74 26.45 19.60 13.47
    diffusion, the carbonation of concrete under low CO2
    120 15.27 11.31 7.78 30.55 22.63 15.56
    concentration level can reflect the rule of concrete
    Figures 3 and 4 show the comparative results for the carbonation very well.
    experimental and theoretical values of carbonation
    depth under two CO2 concentration levels. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

    The authors gratefully acknowledged the financial


    support from the National Natural Science Foundation
    of China (No. 51109142). This work in the article also
    was supported by the fundamental research funds for
    central public welfare research institute No.
    Y413002

    REFERENCES

    Jack M. Chi, Ran Huang and C. C. Yang.Effects of


    FIG. 3 EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL OF
    CARBONATION DEPTH WITH 5% CO2 Carbonation on mechanical properties and durability of
    concrete using accelerated carbonatio method.Journal of
    Marine Science and Technology, 2002,10(1):14-20.
    Journal of Zhejiang University,2002,36(6):674-679.
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    Cement Products, 2010,(3):5-8.
    NIU Ditao,CHEN Yiqi,YU Shu.Model and reliability
    analysis for carbonation of concrete structure.J Xian

    FIG. 4 EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL OF


    Univ of Arch & Tech,1995,27(4):365-369.
    CARBONATION DEPTH WITH 20% CO2 Saetta A V,Vitaliani R V.Experimental investigation and
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    116
    Study of Civil Engineering and Architecture (SCEA) Volume 2 Issue 4, December 2013 www.seipub.org/scea

    Y. H. Loo,M. S. Chin,C. T. am,K,C.G.Ong.Carbonation with artificial acceleratated carbonation. J.Xian Inst. Of


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    117

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