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15 Participle, To-Infinitive and Reduced Clauses

1. Participle clauses can be used after quoted speech to describe what someone was doing while speaking. 2. A participle clause often has its own subject, which is usually a pronoun or noun phrase including a pronoun, to describe a secondary action. 3. A participle usually refers back to the subject of the main clause.

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65 views1 page

15 Participle, To-Infinitive and Reduced Clauses

1. Participle clauses can be used after quoted speech to describe what someone was doing while speaking. 2. A participle clause often has its own subject, which is usually a pronoun or noun phrase including a pronoun, to describe a secondary action. 3. A participle usually refers back to the subject of the main clause.

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juanal
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15 Participle, to-infinitive and reduced clauses

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1. and after quoted speech, to say what someone was doing while they were talking
EX: 'Wait for me here,' said Frank, running out of the house.
2. In formal English, a participle have its own subject, which is often a pronoun or a noun phrase including a pronoun:
clause can sometimes Scorpions in North Africa, some measuring up to 20 centimetres, can kill adults. (Scorpions in North
Africa =subject of the main clause;some = subject of the participle)
3. A participle usually refers to the subject of the main clause
4. past participle clause : to talk about reasons and conditions
5. Past participles combine with to create passives and perfect forms
forms of be and have ex: Having fallen over a number of times,I was feeling thoroughly miserable. (= I was feeling
thoroughly miserable because I had fallen over a number of times)
6. A present participle clause to give background information
can be used EX: Living mainly in warm climates, scorpions have existed for over 400 million years.
7. Present participle dauses can to talk about a reason or result:
also be used EX:Arriving in Amalfi early in the afternoon,! had time to look around the town. (= because I arrived
in Amalfi early in the afternoon)
8. We avoid using a participle when the subjects are different:
clause Snarling aggressively, I kept away from
the dogs.
In this example, the writer is trying to say that the dogs were snarling and he kept away from them.
However, it sounds as if he was snarling! The more accurate alternative is: The dogs were snarling
aggressively, so I kept away from them.
9. We can use a present something that takes place at the same time as, or just before, an action in the main clause
participle clause to talk about EX: Opening up my sleeping bag I discovered a scorpion
10. When we use not in a it usually comes before the participle
participle clause

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