Sika Solutions for Sealing

of Floor, Pavement and Other

Specialty Joints

Innovation & since

Consistency 1 9 1 0
Sika Solutions for Sealing
of Floor, Pavement and
Other Specialty Joints
Joint sealants make up only a small portion of the monetary value of a
construction project and are often considered as an unimportant detail.
Yet, joint sealants play the major role in keeping a building air and
water tight and thus prevent damages with unforeseeable consequen-
tial costs.
In order for a sealant to fulfil its function over the whole lifetime of a
building or construction the selection of the right solution and the cor-
rect design taking into account all potential influences are essential.
Especially horizontal expansions joints in floors, decks and roadways
have to withstand high mechanical forces and aggressive chemical in-
fluences. In this brochure Sika solutions and concepts for floor and
pavement joint sealing as well as other special applications are de-
scribed in detail.

Content
Elastic Sealing Solutions for Joints and their Requirements 4
Sealing Solutions for Joints in Industrial Floors 6
Sealing Solutions for Joints in Cleanrooms 8
Sealing Solutions for Floor Joints in Pedestrian Areas 9
Sealing Solutions for Joints in Car Parks 10
Sealing Solutions for Floor Joints in Industrial Kitchens 12
Sealing Solutions for Floor Joints on Balconies 13
Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Containment Bunds
and Petrol Stations 14
Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Sewage Treatment Plants 15
Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Airfields, Taxiways
and Aprons 16
Sealing Solutions for Joints in Concrete Pavements 17
Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints for Silos and Tanks
in Biogas Plants 18
Further Sika Solutions for Joints and Connections 19
More Construction Details 20
Surface Pre-Treatment Products for Sealants 21
Joint Design Principles and Specification 22
Standards & Approvals 23
Application Matrix 24
Sikadur-Combiflex SG System

25
Solutions for Joint Renewal and Repair 26
Sika Sealing Solutions Contribute to a Sustainable Future 27

2I3
Elastic Sealing Solutions for Joints
and their Requirements

Introduction Applications and Requirements

for Floor, Pavements and
Joints can be found in different parts of a con- Specialty Joint Sealants
struction, e. g. between concrete slabs, at the
connection between floors and walls, in storage Typical application fields for above mentioned
tanks, in containment bunds, etc.. types of sealants are the following:
Floor joint sealants, but particularly specialty n Manufacturing industry (light, heavy, semi-
joint sealants have to meet various require- conductor, food, etc.)
ments depending on the function and location n Parking decks
of the respective joint. Generally, such a sealant n Pedestrian areas
must withstand much higher mechanical and n Special Applications (filling stations, air-
chemical influences than a faade sealant. fields, containment bunds, waste water
treatments plants, etc.)
The purpose of joint sealing generally is to:
n P revent passage of media (air, water, Requirements for sealants vary significantly
chemicals, smoke etc.) from project to project depending on the spe-
n P rovide sound insulation (connection joints cific application and exposure level.
between floor and wall)
n Enhance the visual appearance of the Sika offers joint sealing solutions that meet the
whole construction specific needs of each individual construction
project. Our sealants and accessory products
are generally designed to ultimately save mon-
Why Elastic Sealing? ey for the owner of a building or civil engineer-
ing structure: they can be easily and error-free
Building and civil engineering structures consist installed, they last very long without decreasing
of individual elements which exhibit relative performance and they require none or very low
movements to each other. The two kinds of maintenance efforts.
movements are the thermal and the structural
movement. Temperature differences result in an The development of our solutions is based on
expansion or contraction of the building ele- the latest technologies as well as Sika's more
ments, i.e. joints become larger (extension) or than 100 years of experience in the construc-
smaller (compression) continuously. Structural tion industry.
movements often result in shear stress acting on
the sealant due to settlements of the structure,
vibrations or other loads.

Contraction, Expansion or Shear Load of Building Elements

Comprehensive Solutions for Joint Sealing by Sika

Sika provides a full range of elastic joint seal- With more than 60 years experience in seal-
ants and accessories for buildings and civil ants and sealant applications, references on
engineering structures with the following all continents and in all climes Sikas product
main advantages: portfolio is designed to fit all requirements
n Movement capability exactly matching the reaching from high movement capability to
requirements for a specific joint to ensure superior UV and chemical resistance.
long-term functionality
n Perfect adhesion to common construction Specific Sikaflex, Sikasil, Sikacryl
materials to make sure that the joint re- and other brand sealants are designed for a
mains tight at all times great variety of applications.
n Ease of use to minimize installation errors
and ensure on-time project completion In fact, Sika invented one-component elastic
n Optimised visual appearance that meets polyurethane sealants and the nowadays very
the demands of architects and owners popular and waste-reducing foil packaging for
n High mechanical strength, chemical resist- sealants. The range of products comprises not
ance and weatherability to ensure excellent only general purpose construction sealants
performance even under most adverse but also virtually tailor-made solutions for
conditions and loads specific applications such as joints in water
n U nsurpassed and proven durability that and sewage treatment plants where maxi-
guarantees longevity mum resistance to aggressive chemicals and
microorganisms is mandatory.

As market leader in construction chemicals

Sika offers comprehensive and compatible
solutions for all types of building and civil en-
gineering structures (from roof to basement)
including high-performance sealants. This full
range approach ensures reliable and long
lasting technical solutions for a long life ex-
pectancy of the building or structure.

4I5
Sealing Solutions for Joints in Industrial Floors

General Description & Sika Solution

Main Requirements

Sealants used for floor joints are required to Sikaflex Floor Sikaflex PRO-3
have: 1-component non-sag sealant 1-component non-sag sealant
n High mechanical strength n High mechanical resistance n 25% movement capability
n High abrasion resistance n Cures completely bubble-free n High tear and tear propagation resistance
n Good chemical resistance n High stability against a great variety of
n Excellent adhesion properties Key benefits chemicals
n The high mechanical and proven resistance n Cures completely bubble-free
Depending on the area of application special of this sealant ensure a long service life
requirements are important in addition. The even if exposed to intensive cleaning cycles Key benefits
manufacturing industry and the foodstuff in- and aggressive cleaning agents. Due to the high movement capability the
dustry have a plurality of such additional de- n The defect-free curing leads to a very ro- sealant is able to absorb higher stresses
mands. bust and difficult to infringe sealant. The than common floor joint sealants. This sig-
floor stays tight even under heavy loads. nificantly reduces the risk of failures and
Generally, they need sealants which: Hence, the maintenance costs are lower thus reduces maintenance costs as well.
n Can withstand traffic loads from fork lifts than with other sealants. The excellent tear propagation resistance
and cleaning machines allows joints to withstand severe mechani-
n Are cleanable with high pressure Approvals & standards cal loads even after cuts without any further
n Survive the contact with aggressive clean- n ISO 11600 F 12.5 E damages. Hence, the joints longevity and
ing agents and other chemicals n EN 15651, part 4 12.5 E durability is improved. Costs for mainte-
n Are compatible with foodstuff nance and renovation will be reduced.

Approvals & standards

n ISO 11600 25 HM
EN 15651, part 4 25 HM CC
n ISEGA approval for foodstuff compatibility
n E C-1 Plus approved (very low emissions)
nC  SM (Cleanroom Suitable Materials):
Very good resistance against mould and
bacteria growth according to Fraunhofer IPA
(ISO 846)
 Construction Details

Sikaflex PRO-3 SL For food factories and low loads For traffic areas and high loads
1-component self-levelling sealant (joint even with the floor) (recessed joint)
n 25% movement capability
n High tear and tear propagation resistance
5 2 4 3 1 5 2 4 3 1
n High stability against a great variety of
chemicals
n Cures completely bubble-free

Key benefits
n The application of this self levelling seal-
ant is surprisingly simple. Without tooling
a smooth surface is achieved. The applica-
tion is quick and efficient.
n The self levelling version of Sikaflex
PRO-3 shows identical movement ca-
pability and tear propagation resistance as 1 Concrete slab 1 Concrete slab
the non-sag version and has therefore the 2 Compression profile 2 Compression profile
same benefits. 3 Backing rod 3 Backing rod
4 Sikaflex joint sealing 4 Sikaflex joint sealing
Approvals & standards 5 Sikafloor coating 5 Sikafloor coating
n ISO 11600 25 HM
n EN 15651, part 4 25 HM CC
n ISEGA approval for foodstuff compatibility

6I7
Sealing Solutions for Floor Joints in Cleanrooms

General Description & Sika Solution Construction Details

Main Requirements

What is a Cleanroom? Sikaflex PRO-3 For cleanrooms in pedestrian areas and low
A cleanroom is an environment typically used 1-component non-sag sealant loads (joint even with the floor)
for producing something sensitive to contami- n Solvent free
nation. n 25% movement capability
5 2 4 3 1
This environment has a low level of pollutants n Tested and approved for use in cleanrooms
such as dust, airborne microbes, aerosol parti-
cles and chemical vapors. Key benefits
The trend to improve the cleanliness of manu- n An approved sealant for cleanrooms with
facturing processes can be witnessed in many the additional advantage of mould and bac-
industries today, such as: teria growth resistance guarantees together
n Microelectronics with the cleanroom approved Sika coat-
n Photovoltaics and solar panel manu- ing systems for walls and floors a clean en-
facturing vironment. The production process wont be
n Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical affected from air pollution and the number
drug manufacturing of rejected goods will be reduced.
n Medical device manufacturing 1 Concrete slab
n Aerospace and optics. Approvals & standards 2 Compression profile
n ISO 11600 25 HM, 3 Backing rod
The cleanroom suitability of materials is an EN 15651, part 4 25 HM CC 4 Sikaflex PRO-3
important factor, as equipment and materials n C SM (Cleanroom Suitable Materials), 5 Sikafloor coating
have the greatest influence (40%) on product ISO-AMC class -6.8
cleanliness. n EC-1 Plus approved (very low emissions)
Suitable materials for cleanrooms possess: n CSM (Cleanroom Suitable Materials):
n Low particle emissions Very good resistance against mould and
n Low VOC emissions bacteria growth according to Fraunhofer IPA
n Chemical resistance (ISO 846)
Sealing Solutions for Floor Joints in Pedestrian Areas

General Description & Sika Solution Construction Details

Main Requirements

Joints in pedestrian areas should be flush with Sikaflex Floor For pedestrian areas with trolley loads
the surface to prevent injury of people. There- 1-component non-sag sealant (joint even with the floor)
fore a sealant for floor joints in train stations, n 12.5% movement capability
shopping malls or offices, for example, must n High Shore A hardness
5 2 4 3 1
fulfil specific requirements. It must: n High mechanical resistance
n Exhibit a sufficiently high hardness n Cures completely bubble-free
n Show a very high mechanical resistance to
allow a surface flush finish without risk of Key benefits
damages n The high mechanical and proven resistance
n Be resistant against cleaning fluids and high of this sealant ensure a long service life
pressure cleaning even if exposed to intensive cleaning cycles
and aggressive cleaning agents.
n For pedestrian areas flat surfaces with no
irregularities are a must. Otherwise there
is an increased risk of accidents. The high
Shore A hardness and the excellent me- 1 Concrete slab
chanical properties in general allow such 2 Compression profile
a surface flush joint without any trade-offs 3 Backing rod
on durability 4 Sikaflex Floor
5 Sikafloor coating
Approvals & standards
n ISO 11600 12.5 E
n EN 15651, part 4 12.5

8I9
Sealing Solutions for Joints in Car Parks

General Description & Sika Solution

Main Requirements

To define the right sealing solution for car park Sikaflex PRO-3 Sikaflex PRO-3 SL
floors it is crucial to consider if it is an inter- 1-component non-sag sealant 1-component self-levelling sealant
mediate deck or a top deck. A top deck acts n 25% movement capability n 25% movement capability
also as a roof. Therefore the requirements at n High resistance against fuel, oil and road n High resistance against fuel, oil and road
the joint construction and the floor coating are salts salts
much higher than at an intermediate deck n Trafficable n Trafficable
without significant outdoor and sunlight expo- n Good weatherability n Cures completely bubble-free
sure.
Key benefits Key benefits
In car parks floor sealants must especially be n For car parks trafficable joints are of great n The application of this self levelling seal-
able to: importance. Especially in areas frequented ant is surprisingly simple. Without tooling a
n Resist traffic loads from cars and cleaning by pedestrians flat surfaces are a must. smooth surface is achieved. The application
machines passing over The excellent mechanical properties allow is quick and efficient.
n Retain their properties in direct contact a surface flush joint without any trade-offs n The self levelling version of Sikaflex
with oil and fuel spillages on durability. PRO-3 shows identical movement capa-
n The proven resistance of this sealant bility and chemical resistance as the non-
Additionally, on top decks joints must: against fuel and oil spillage as well as road sag version and has therefore the same
n Be completely waterproof salts ensure a long service life. benefits.
n Be resistant against weathering
n Accommodate large movements of individ- Approvals/standards Approvals/standards
ual building elements n ISO 11600 25 HM, n ISO 11600 25 HM
EN 15651, part 4 25 HM CC n EN 15651, part 4 25 HM CC
nR esistance against Diesel & Jet fuel DIBT
guidelines
n EC-1 Plus approved (very low emissions)
Construction Details

For intermediate decks For top decks and exposed areas (waterproof) For heavy duty crossings (e.g. bridges, ramps)
For traffic areas (recessed joint)

5 2 4 3 1 3 2 8 4 7 5 6 1
7 4 2 6 5 3 1

For pedestrian and traffic areas (flush joint) 1 Concrete slab 1 Concrete slab
2 Compression profile 2 Compression profile
3 Sikadur Combiflex System 3 Sika epoxy levelling mortar for the joint
5 2 4 3 1
4 SikaGrout or Sikadur epoxy mortar transition profile
5 Separation layer with PE sheet membrane 4 Carriageway intersection profile
6 Sikaflex sealant 5 Approved SikaGrout or Sikadur
7 Sikafloor coating epoxy mortar
6 Sikafloor coating
7 Backing rod
8 Sikaflex sealant

1 Concrete slab
2 Compression profile
3 Backing rod
4 Sikaflex joint sealing
5 Sikafloor coating

10 I 11
Sealing Solutions for Floor Joints in
Industrial Kitchens

General Description & Sika Solution Construction Details

Main Requirements

The use of hot water in industrial kitchens can Sikflex PRO-3 Waterproof joint with Sikadur Combiflex
cause high stress on the floor coverings due to 1-component non-sag sealant System
temperature expansion. Elastic sealants help to n Solvent free
reduce the forces and prevent the floor from n 25% movement capability
damages. Long-term tightness of connection n High stability against a great variety of 7 4 2 6 5 3 1

and movement joints prevents humidity and chemicals

water passage to other rooms. n Tested and approved for foodstuff compati-
bility
Generally, sealants with the following character- n Low Emission
istics are needed for industrial kitchen floors:
n High movement capability Key benefits
n Withstand traffic loads from cleaning ma- n The high mechanical and proven resistance
chines of this sealant ensure a long service life
n Cleanable with high pressure even if exposed to intensive cleaning cycles
n Survive the contact with aggressive cleaning and aggressive cleaning agents.
agents and other chemicals n Despite its foodstuff compatibility the seal- 1 Concrete slab
n Compatible with foodstuff ant is resistant against mould and bacteria 2 Compression profile
growth. This ensures that kitchens meet the 3 Sikadur Combiflex System
legal hygienic requirements. 4 SikaGrout or Sikadur epoxy mortar
5 Separation layer with PE sheet membrane
Approvals & standards 6 Sikaflex PRO-3
n ISO 11600 25 HM, 7 Sikafloor coating
EN 15651, part 4 25 HM CC
n ISEGA approval for foodstuff compatibility
n EC-1 Plus approved (very low emissions)
n CSM (Cleanroom Suitable Materials):
Very good resistance against mould and
bacteria growth according to Fraunhofer
IPA (ISO 846)
Sealing Solutions for Floor Joints on Balconies

General Description & Sika Solution Construction Details

Main Requirements

Balconies and terraces are exposed to the Sikaflex PRO-3 Waterproof connection joint to the facade
weather and to high temperature differences 1-component non-sag sealant with Sikadur Combiflex System
therefore the constructions tend to expand n 25% movement capability
and contract. Flexible joint sealants absorb n Odourless during application and thereafter
these movements and prevent damages on n Good weatherability
7
the floor coatings, e.g. tiles. Tight joints pro-
tect adjacent construction elements such as, Key benefits
6
for example, thermal insulation from water n Since the product is completely odourless
and are therefore an important part of a bal- the inconvenience for residents especially 5 4 3 1
cony or a terrace. in case of renovations is negligible. 2
n The good weatherability ensures a long
The main requirements for a joint sealant on service life and thus reduces maintenance
balconies and terraces are: and renovation costs.
n High movement capability
n Good adhesion properties to many different Approvals & standards
materials n ISO 11600 25 HM,
n High weatherability EN 15651, part 4 25 HM CC 1 Concrete slab of balcony
n Resistance against common cleaning agents. n EC-1 Plus approved (very low emissions) 2 Connection reinforcement for balcony plate
n CSM (Cleanroom Suitable Materials): 3 Waterproofing System e.g. with
Very good resistance against mould and Sikalastic or Sikafloor
bacteria growth according to Fraunhofer IPA 4 Covering e.g. with tiles or Sikafloor
(ISO 846) 5 Sikaflex joint sealing with PE strip
6 Waterproof connection to the faade e.g.
Additional product alternative: with Sikadur Combiflex System
n Sikaflex Floor: 7 Insulation
1-component, non-sag sealant with a very
good price-performance ratio.

12 I 13
Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints
in Containment Bunds and Petrol Stations

General Description & Sika Solution Construction Details

Main Requirements

Proper joint sealants help to protect the envi- Sikaflex Tank N For connection joints between concrete slabs
ronment, especially the ground water against 1-component non-sag sealant
contamination in areas for the storage and n Good tear resistance
handling of aggressive chemicals and water n 25% movement capability
2 4 3 1
polluting liquids, such as: n High resistance against fuel, oil, hydrocar-
n Petrol stations bons and other chemicals
n Storage areas in the chemical industry n Bubble free curing
n Containment bunds
n Barrel stores etc. Key benefits
n Unlike most joint sealants for these appli-
The main requirements for a joint sealant in cations Sikaflex Tank N is a ready to
such applications are: use 1-component product. This means mix-
n Fuel and oil resistance ing errors that may lead to faulty installa-
n High resistance against various other tion with severe consequences regarding
chemicals soil and groundwater pollution do not occur.
n High mechanical resistance In addition one component products allow a 1 Concrete slab
n Conformance to legal requirements and much faster application and produce less 2 Compression profile
governmental regulations waste. 3 Backing rod
n Hydrocarbons are frequently used in vari- 4 Sikaflex Tank N
ous industries and sealants surviving hy-
drocarbon exposure are in great demand.
Sikaflex Tank N is optimized to resist
such chemicals and provides the necessary
security against environmental contamina-
tion.

Approvals & standards

n European Technical Approval for joint-seal-
ing systems in areas for the storage, filling
and handling of water polluting liquids
(ETA-09/0272)
Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints
in Sewage Treatment Plants

General Description & Sika Solution Construction Details

Main Requirements

Sealants used in sewage treatment plants Sikaflex PRO-3 For connection joints between concrete slabs
have to survive extremely harsh conditions 1-component non-sag sealant with a high demand on tightness
and thus must meet very demanding require- nH  igh resistance against waste water and
ments. Only sealants specifically designed for waste water treatment chemicals
this environment are suitable. n E xcellent adhesion under permanent water
4 2 6 5 3 1
immersion
nR  esistance against microbiological attack
nR  esistance against continuous high water
pressure

Key benefits
nS ikaflex PRO-3 provides durable ad-
hesion and longevity even under permanent
water immersion and high water pressure. In
addition the sealant is virtually not affected
by residential waste water and microorgan- 1 Concrete slab
isms. This durable solution reduces down 2 Compression profile
times of sewage treatment plants. 3 Sikadur Combiflex System
4 SikaGrout or Sikadur epoxy mortar
Approvals & standards 5 Separation layer with PE sheet membrane
n ISO 11600 25 HM, 6 Sikaflex PRO-3
EN 15651, part 4 25 HM CC
nC  SM: Very good resistance against mould
and bacteria growth according to Fraunhofer
IPA (ISO 846)
nW  aste water resistance according to the DIBt
guidelines (German approval body for con-
struction products and types of construction)

14 I 15
Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Airfields,
Taxiways and Aprons

General Description & Sika Solution Construction Details

Main Requirements

Airfield sealants are applied between concrete Sikaflex-68 TF For connection joints between concrete slabs
slabs to seal out moisture and debris from 2-component self-levelling sealant
joints on airport runways and taxiways. nG ood tear resistance and flexibility
nO il and Jet fuel resistance
2 4 3 1
The most important requirements for an air-
port sealant are: Key benefits
n All-temperature adhesion & flexibility n T he application of this self levelling sealant is
n Resistance to heavy equipment traffic from very simple. Without tooling a smooth surface
airplanes, maintenance vehicles and trucks is achieved. The application is quick and ef-
n Resistance to aggressive chemicals like jet ficient.
fuel and de-icing agents. n Sikaflex-68 TF is designed to resist jet
fuel and other chemicals and provides the ne-
cessary security against environmental con-
tamination.

Approvals & standards 1 Concrete slab

nM eets most relevant requirements of US Fed- 2 Saw cut
eral Specification SS-S-200E 3 Backing rod
4 Sikaflex-68 TF
Sealing Solutions for Joints in Concrete Pavements

General Description & Sika Solution Construction Details

Main Requirements

To achieve a long-lasting high quality of road Sikasil-728 SL For connection joints between concrete slabs
paving, suitable construction materials includ- 1-component self-levelling sealant (recessed joint)
ing high-performance joint sealants (e.g. for n+  100/-50% movement capability
road pavements and bridges) are key. n V ery low modulus
2 4 3 1
n Excellent UV resistance
The main requirements for a highway joint n Resistant against road salt and fuel spillage
sealant are:
n High movement capability for extremely Key benefits
high and low temperature conditions nD  ue to the high movement capability and
n Durability under all weather conditions to very low modulus the sealant is able to ab-
minimize maintenance costs sorb movements with extremely low stresses
on the adhesion interfaces. This increases
the longevity of the joints and secures the
tightness.
n T he sealant does not degrade by direct sun-
light exposure and can be used in hot and 1 Concrete slab
cold climates without significant impact on 2 Saw cut
the mechanical properties. 3 Backing rod
4 Sikasil-728 SL/NS
Approvals & standards
n Meets requirements of ASTM D-5893; ASTM
C-920, Type S, Grade NS, Class 100/50, Use
NT, T,M,G, A,O with an ultra low Shore Hard-
ness; TT-S-00230C, Type II, Class A; TT-S-
001543A, Class A.

Additional product
n Sikasil-728 NS
 Non-sag, one-component, ultra low mo-
dulus, elastomeric sealant

16 I 17
Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints for Silos and
Tanks in Biogas Plants

General Description & Sika Solution Construction Details

Main Requirements

Proper joint sealants help to protect the envi- Sikaflex TS Plus Gasket sealants for bolted steel tanks
ronment, especially the ground water against 1-component non-sag sealant
contamination in areas for the storage and n Resistant to domestic sewage, silage, liquid
handling of silage, liquid manure and agricul- manure and numerous chemicals including
tural waste especially. Such sealants also play acids 1

a key role in the construction of digesters n High tear resistance and flexibility
nowadays used in many communities to pro- n High modulus, elastic sealant
duce energy. Typical application areas for 2

these highly resistant products are: Key benefits 3

n Biogas plants nS ikaflex TS Plus is designed to resist

n Storage areas for biowaste organic acids which are produced in every
n Agricultural tanks and silos etc. digesting process and other chemicals and
provides the necessary security against 1

Sealants used in these areas must have: leakages and thus ensures a longer lifetime
n High resistance against various chemicals for silos and tanks.
and silage 1 Steel plates
n High mechanical resistance and flexibility Approvals & standards 2 Bolt with protection
n Testing in accordance with the specification 3 Sikaflex TS Plus
and principles of DIBt (German approval
body for construction products and types of
construction) for wastewater exposure
n Conforms to BS 6920 (drinking water con-
tact)
Further Sika Solutions for Joints and Connections

Sealing Solutions for Joints in Sealing Solutions for Joints in Sika Solutions for Flexible
Drinking Water Facilities Swimming Pools Rail Fixing

Main Requirements Main Requirements Main Requirements

For joints in contact with potable (drinking) Joint sealing around and in swimming pools Long-lasting, flexible, direct fixation of rails to
water, e. g. in drinking water reservoirs, tanks, is due to the forbidding conditions for sealants solid substrates is suitable for a variety of
treatment and filtration plants, sealants must one of the most difficult joint sealing applica- track work designs like railway, light rail, tram
not have a negative influence on the water tions. and crane track installations.
quality. The main requirements for a joint sealant in The main advantages for these types of flexi-
The main requirements for a joint sealant in swimming pools are: ble direct fixations are:
drinking water reservoirs are: n Excellent UV stability n Levelling out of inevitable tolerances be-
n Approvals according to the local regulations n High chlorine-based disinfectant resistance tween rail and substrate
for use in drinking water facilities n High durability while permanently n Highly efficient electrical insulation for pre-
n Resistance to chlorine-based and other dis- immersed in water vention of stray current
infection agents n Mildew and fungus resistance n Resilient intermediate layer for optimum
n No toxic ingredients reduction of noise and vibration transmis-
n Not metabolisable Sikasil Pool sion
n Good adhesion to a great variety of sub- 1-component non-sag sealant n Powerful adhesive for added safety and
strates while immersed in water n High tear resistance and flexibility maximum performance
n Excellent UV stability and weather resist-
Sikaflex PRO-3 ance Icosit KC-330 and -340 Series
1-component non-sag sealant n Excellent stability in water 2-component, elastic, self levelling grouts for
n Tested and approved for n Extremely high resistance to fungal attack direct fixations of steel plates and for continu-
drinking water contact according n High resistance to chlorine-based disinfect- ous embedding of rails
BS 6920 (British drinking water approval) ants n Long durability, less maintenance
n Excellent adhesion under permanent water n Non-corrosive n Less wear on rolling stock
immersion n Elastic and shock absorbent
nR  esistance against continuous high water n Insulation against leakage of stray currents
pressure n Reliable track alignment (height adjustable)
n R eduction of vibration and mechanical
Sikasil DW wear (rail and rolling stock)
1-component non-sag sealant n Strong bond between rail and substrate
n Tested and approved for drinking water n Elastic and shock absorbent
contact according DVGW W270 (German
Federal drinking water approval) and con-
forms to the KTW recommendations of the
German Federal Board of Health
n Excellent water and chlorine-based disin-
fectant resistance
nH  igh resistance to growth of fungi 18 I 19
More Construction Details

Construction Details

For connection joints between wall and floor For for connection joint to a steal gutter For connection joint to a concrete gutter
(for dry areas) (mainly inside) (mainly outside)

7 2 4 3 1

2 6 3 2 5 4 1
9 5
8 4
3 1

1 Concrete slab 1 Concrete slab 1 Concrete slab

2 Concrete (or brick) wall 2 Steel gutter 2 Compression profile
3 Compression profile 3 Waterproof connection e.g. with 3 Backing rod
4 Thermal insulation Sikadur Combiflex System 4 Sikaflex joint sealing
5 Cementitious floor screed 4 Sikafloor coating or tiles
6 Floor covering (e.g. Sikafloor 5 Sikaflex joint sealing with PE strip
or tiles etc.)
7 Wall covering (e.g. Sikagard,
Sikafloor or plaster etc.)
8 Backing rod
9 Sikaflex joint sealing
Surface Pre-Treatment Products for Sealants

General Description & Pre-Treatment Solutions

Main Requirements

Many Sika sealants exhibit excellent adhesion Sika Aktivator-205

to a great variety of substrates. is a 1-component alcohol-based cleaner con-
In order to build up sufficient adhesion the taining adhesion promotors. The product is
substrate surface must be clean, dry and free used to activate non-porous substrates such
from any grease, oil, dust, release agents and as metals, plastics, glazed ceramics and various
any other substances that potentially could have painted surfaces.
a negative influence on the adhesion. Sikas
cleaners and activators are products that help Sika Primer-3 N
to achieve such an ideal surface for perfect is a 1-component epoxy-based primer that
adhesion results. Primers enhance the adhesion improves the long-term adhesion of sealantsto
on difficult to adhere substrates such as certain porous, absorbent materials such as concrete,
plastics and significantly improve the long-term but also on metals.
adhesion especially under severe conditions.
Sika Primer-215
is a 1-component polyurethane based primer
that improves long-term sealant adhesion to
plastics, varnishes, lacquers and even porous
materials. A typical application where Sika
Primer-215 would be used for substrate
pre-treatment is perimeter sealing between
vinyl or powder-coated aluminium window
frames and brickwork.

Sika Primer-115
is a 1-component polyurethane based primer
that improves the long-term adhesion of the
sealant Sikaflex-68 TF to porous, ab-
sorbent materials such as concrete.

20 I 21
Joint Design Principles and Specification

General Requirements

The design of a sealing system involves more Interior Floor Joints High traffic floor joints
than just the selection of a sealant with suit- Joint distance (m) 2 3 4 5 6 8 (Sealant is recessed)
able physical and chemical characteristics. In Minimum joint width (mm) 12 12 12 12 12 12
order to obtain a long-term optimal perfor- Sealant thickness (mm) 12 12 12 12 12 12
mance the following considerations are es-
Exterior Floor Joints
sential as well:
n P roper joint design, including correct di- Joint distance (m) 2 3 4 5 6 8
Minimum joint width (mm) 12 12 15 18 20 30
mensioning and backup
Sealant thickness (mm) 12 12 12-15 15 17 25
n T ype and nature of substrates
n A pplication process and ambient conditions Backer rod

at the time of the installation Depending on the loads and location special Pedestrian area floor joints
design considerations for floor joints are nec- (Sealant is on floor level)
Movement capability of the sealant and joint essary. Joints in areas with a lot of car and/or
width must fit to the expected movement of equipment traffic should be recessed to re-
the adjacent building elements. duce wear and tear. On the other hand, joints
in pedestrian areas should be flush with the
The optimal ratio of joint width to depth (seal- surface to prevent injury of people.
ant thickness) is 1:1 for floor joints. Accor-
dingly, the recommended joint dimensions for
concrete elements and a sealant with 25% Backer rod
movement capability are as follows:
Due to these many different requirements
sealants should be specified thoughtfully. Sika
supports you in determining a fitting solution
that meets all requirements, has all mandatory
approvals and the expected lifetime.
Standards & Approvals

Industry-wide sealant standards, standard n JIS A 5758 n EN 15651

specifications and guidelines ensure that the Japanese JIS standard A 5758 for sealing European Norm for Sealants for nonstruc-
sealants show the properties which are re- and glazing in buildings is based upon the tural use in joints in buildings and pedes-
quired and are also useful as tools to educate principles of ISO 11600 and provides a trian walkways.
the designer, user and installer. classification of sealants according to
their movement capability and modulus.
Contrary to ISO 11600 the JIS standard Guidelines
Standards defines an additional class 30S (S indi-
cates shearing) for glazing sealants. In addition sealants have to fulfil specific
There are a great number of international, re- guidelines depending on their application. Not
gional and local standards covering construc- n ASTM C 920 all of them are mandatory, but the following
tion sealants. Most of them classify the seal- Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint enumeration should give an overview about
ants after their application (use), movement Sealants by ASTM International, formerly the most common ones:
capability, secant tensile modulus and type known as the American Society for Testing
n Chemical resistance
(1- or 2-part sealant). and Materials.
DIBt (German approval body for construc-
Sealants tion products and types of construction)
The most important standards are:
guideline for wastewater exposure
Type
n ISO 11600 n Cleanroom
S = single-component
Building construction Jointing products CSM Cleanroom Suitable Materials
M = multi-component
Classification and requirements for seal- (Fraunhofer Institut, Germany)
ants by International Organization for Grade
n Food industry
Standardization. P = pourable or self-leveling
ISEGA approval for foodstuff compatibility
NS = non-sag or gunnable
Sealants
Class n Drinking Water
100/50
British standard 6920
Glazing Sealants G Construction Sealants F
50
(drinking water contact)
Class 25 Class 25
35 n Low emission
Class 25 LM Class 25 LM
25 GEV Emicode, AgBB, etc.
Class 25 HM Class 25 HM
12
Class 20 Class 20 Especially floor joints have to withstand se-
Class 20 LM Class 20 LM Use
vere conditions. Hence it is necessary to spe-
Class 20 HM Class 20 HM T = pedestrian & vehicular traffic areas
cify sealants thoughtfully.
Class 12.5 NT = non-traffic areas
Subclasses for class 20/25:
LM = low modules Class 12.5 E I = continously submerged in a liquid For further information, approvals and refer-
HM = high modules Class 12.5 P M = tested on mortar specimens ences from our products please contact our
E = elastic
P = plastic Class 7.5 G = tested on glass specimens Technical Service.
A = tested on aluminium specimens

O = tested on other substrates

22 I 23
 Application fields Sikaflex Floor Sikaflex PRO-3 Sikaflex PRO-3 SL Sikaflex TS plus Sikaflex Tank N Sikaflex-68 TF Sikasil-728 Sikadur
Range Combiflex
1-comp. 1-comp. 1-comp. 1-comp. 1-comp. 2-comp. 1-comp. 2 comp.
non-sag sealant non-sagsealant self-leveling sealant non-sag sealant non-sag sealant self-leveling sealant non-sag or self- EP-Adhesive
leveling sealant with Sikadur
Combiflex stripe
Indoor
Outdoor

Pedestrian areas with trolley load

e.g. warehouses shopping areas
Traffic loads, car parks
Traffic loads, airfields, taxiways,

aprons
Traffic loads, light industry
Application Matrix

Traffic loads, heavy industry

Traffic loads, highways

Temporary oil and fuel resistant

High pressure cleaning possible
Temporary solvent resistant

Use on balconies
Use in industrial kitchen
Use for biogas plants with silage

and liquid manures
For Highly Resistant Joint Sealants

Use in food industry

Use for cleanroom,

semi-conductors etc.
Use in chemical industry
Use in sewage treatment plants
Use in waste water tubes
Use in drinking water facilities
Use in containment bunds
Use in filling station

recommended possible without red dot, not recommended

Sikadur-Combiflex SG System
High Performance Joint and Crack Waterproofing System

The Sikadur-Combiflex SG system

is the second generation development of the
globally proven Sikadur-Combiflex Sikadur adhesive
with even improved performance such as ad- Sikadur-Combiflex SG tape
vanced adhesion properties and drinking wa- Sikadur adhesive
ter approval. The unique system consists of Prepared concrete surface
the Sikadur-Combiflex SG tape and Joint filler
the Sikadur adhesives. It is widely used as
joint waterproofing in watertight concrete
structures.

Function: Examples of Application

nB locking the path of water penetration
n Increased length of water penetration
n F ully bonded to the concrete preventing
underflow

Main Advantages
n Waterproofing of joints with extreme
movements
n E asy to install and adjust to complicated
construction details
n E xcellent adhesion to different substrates Sewage Treatment Plants Ground Water Protection
n Resistant to high water pressure n Resistance to sewage water n Chemical resistant
nC  rack sealing system n Good abrasion resistance n High safety of environment
n E asy to control and repair n Independent of concreting steps n Impermeable
n High joint movement capacity

And a lot more:

Bridges, park decks, basements,
reservoirs etc.
n Flexible to joint tolerances
n High water- and air tightness and durability
n De-icing salt resistance
n Resistance to ozone, chlorine and UV
n Approved in contact with drinking water

24 I 25
Solutions for Joint Renewal and Repair

General Description Sealing Solutions

Reasons for joint repair Renovation in case of insufficient Renovation in case of wrong joint dimen-
A careful visual inspection is usually enough pre-treatment or a sealant at the end sioning
to determine if the joint sealing is improper or of its normal life cycle In this case it will not be useful to renew the
worn out and a replacement is needed. An old sealant needs to be renovated at the sealant with similar dimensions as the original
end of a normal life cycle or because of main- joint or a sealant with similar mechanical
Reasons for joint refurbishment may include tenance or quality insufficiency reasons. properties again, because the damage is like-
but are not limited to the following: Usually such joint renovation is done with ly to re-occur.
n Failures in workmanship gunnable sealants. There are two possible solutions available for
n Use of unsuitable type of sealant renovating a floor or specialty joint. One can
n Wrong joint design Check first the reason why the old sealant use a sealant with higher movement capabili-
n Underestimated load failed and the compatibility of the old sealant ty like Sikaflex PRO-3 with +/-25%
n Sealant reached end of its life cycle with the sealant intended to be used as re- movement capability the joint width must be
n Compatibility issues with adjacent materials placement. If in doubt contact your Sika rep- increased until the sealant is able to accomo-
(e. g. gaskets) resentative. If the old sealant is based on date the occuring movements.
n Exposure to aggressive chemicals polyurethane, silane-terminated polymers
n Insufficient surface preparation (hybrids, MS, etc.) or polysulfide it can be re- If the joint is widened the joint edges must be
(loss of adhesion) placed with a suitable Sikaflex sealant. If renewed properly. Depending on the floor
the originally used joint sealant is a silicone it covering Sika MonoTop repair mor-
must be repaired with a suitable Sikasil tars, Sikadur epoxy-grouts or -mortars or
silicone sealant. Sikafloor EpoCem mortars can be
used.
To start renovating the joint pick or cut out
the old or damaged sealant using, for exam- 1 2

ple, an oscillating knife or similar tools. In ar-

eas with adhesion loss, mechanical cleaning
of the bonding area is not only very important
but mandatory.
In order to ensure long term durability and
tightness of the newly sealed joint both the
substrate surfaces as well as the old sealant
remains should be pretreated using the prim-
er recommended by Sika.
Sika Sealing Solutions Contribute
to a Sustainable Future

Sika is committed to putting high-performance

solutions into practice to the benefit of our
customers and for a sustainable development.

Sika Sealing Solutions enable to produce Renewable Energy

n For companies producing energy with wind turbines it is crucial to have a durable infrastruc-
ture with long maintenance cycles especially for off shore plants. Long-lasting Sika sealants
ensure the tightness of the generator housings even under severe weather conditions on sea
and seal the joints in concrete segment columns to prevent water penetration and consequent
frost damage.
n The use of agricultural waste to produce energy through biogas is one important and fast
growing branch of the renewable energy business. To store the biological waste, tight silos
and containers are needed. Sealants from Sika enable impermeable constructions and help to
build cost efficient facilities.

Sika Solutions help to Protect Water

n The cleaning of waste water in mature as well as emerging countries is of great importance.
Drinking water is one of the most important resources that needs protection. Sika provides
different tailor-made solutions for drinking water storage and waste water treatment including
sealants, coatings and waterproofing systems. All of them exhibit a long service life even un-
der permanent water immersion and resist aggressive liquids used in water treatment plants.
This ensures a long life expectancy of such facilities.
n Sika provides sealants with an outstanding chemical resistance for sealing of containment
bunds. The resistance of the sealant ensures in case of an accident the tightness of the con-
tainment bund for a longer time then usual sealants would do. Hence, the emergency services
gain time to pump the aggressive chemicals into secure containers and the risk to contami-
nate ground or drinking water is significantly reduced.

Sika Solutions help to Protect Air

n Sika provides solvent free sealants with low emission and low or no volatile organic com-
pounds (VOC) and hence, ensures secure and healthy surroundings for the contractor during
the application and an emission free and clean air for the user of the building.

26 I 27
Sika Full Range Solutions for Construction
Concrete Production Waterproofing Flooring

Sika ViscoCrete Sikaplan, Sikalastic Sikafloor

Sika Retarder Sika & Tricosal Waterstops SikaBond
Sika SikaAer Sika Injection Systems

Corrosion and Fire Protection Concrete Repair and Protection Structural Strengthening

SikaCor Sika MonoTop Sika CarboDur

Sika Unitherm Sikagard SikaWrap
Sikadur Sikadur

Joint Sealing Grouting Roofing

Sika Services AG / BU Contractors / Sealing and Bonding / Sika Solutions for Sealing of Floor, Pavement and Other Specialty Joints / 01.2012 / RB
Sikaflex Sikadur Sarnafil
Sikasil SikaGrout Sikaplan
SikaRoof MTC

Also Available from Sika

Sika Services AG
Business Unit Contractors
Speckstrasse 22
CH-8330 Pfffikon
Switzerland Our most current General Sales
Phone +41 58 436 23 80 Conditions shall apply.
Fax +41 58 436 23 77 Please consult the Product Data Sheet
www.sika.com prior to any use and processing.

Innovation & since

Consistency 1 9 1 0