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Ma2020 2017 4

This document outlines 12 problems involving Legendre polynomials and Rodrigue's formula. The problems cover verifying properties of Legendre polynomials, using generating functions and Rodrigue's formula to derive relationships, and applying orthogonality and recurrence relations to evaluate integrals involving Legendre polynomials. The document provides hints using integration by parts, Legendre's differential equation, orthogonality, and recurrence formulas to solve the problems.

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Gunjan Mudgal
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158 views3 pages

Ma2020 2017 4

This document outlines 12 problems involving Legendre polynomials and Rodrigue's formula. The problems cover verifying properties of Legendre polynomials, using generating functions and Rodrigue's formula to derive relationships, and applying orthogonality and recurrence relations to evaluate integrals involving Legendre polynomials. The document provides hints using integration by parts, Legendre's differential equation, orthogonality, and recurrence formulas to solve the problems.

Uploaded by

Gunjan Mudgal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA2020 - Differential Equations -2017

Assignment 4

1. Use the generating function of Legendre polynomials for the problems (a)-(c)
(a) Verify that Pn (1) = 1.
(b) Prove that
(i) P2n+1 (0) = 0 (ii)P2n (0) = (1)n 1.3.5.(2n1)
2n n!
0
(iii)P2n 0
(0) = 0 (iv)P2n+1 (0) = (1)n 3.5.7.(2n+1)
2n n!

(c) Prove that Pn (x) = (1)n Pn (x). Deduce that Pn (1) = (1)n .

2. Prove that

(i) Pn0 (1) = n(n + 1)/2 (ii) Pn0 (1) = (1)n1 n(n + 1)/2

Hint: Use the Legendres differential equation and the problem 1(c)

3. Use Rodrigues formula to show that


[n/2]
X (2n 2k)!
Pn (x) = (1)n xn2k
k=0
2n k!(n k)!(n 2k)!

Hint: Use the results


n
2 n
X n!
(x 1) = (1)n (x2 )nk
k=0
k!(n k)!
n
d (2n 2k)! n2k
n
(x2n2k ) = x , 2k n,
dx (n 2k)!
= 0, n < 2k

4. Use Rodrigues formula and integration by parts to show that


R1
(a) 1 xm Pn (x)dx = 0, m < n; m and n are integers.
R1 n+1 (n!)2
(b) 1 xn Pn (x)dx = 2(2n+1)!
R1
(c) 1 xn+2k Pn (x)dx = 2n(n+2k)!(k+1/2)
(2k)!(n+k+3/2)
, k = 0, 1, 2,
R1 2 2
(d) 1 Pn dx = 2n+1
R1 0
(e) 1 Pn (x)Pn+1 (x)dx = 2, n = 0, 1, 2,

1
5. Use integration by parts, Legendres differential equation, and the Orthogonality of
Legendres polynomials to show that
Z 1
2n(n + 1)
(x2 1)Pn+1 (x)Pn0 (x)dx =
1 (2n + 1)(2n + 3)

Recurrence Formula : (n + 1)Pn+1 (x) = (2n + 1)xPn (x) nPn1 (x).

6. Use the Recurrence formula and the orthogonality of Legendre polynomials for the
problems (a)-(c):
R1 2n(n+1)
(a) 1 x2 Pn+1 (x)Pn1 (x)dx = (2n1)(2n+1)(2n+3)
R1
Deduce the value of 0 x2 Pn+1 (x)Pn1 (x)dx
R1
(b) 1 xPn (x)Pn1 (x)dx = 4n2n
R1 2 2 h 2 1 2 i
2 (n+1) n2
(c) 1 x Pn (x)dx = (2n+1)2 2n+3 + 2n1

7. Using the Recurrence formula and the orthogonality of Legendre polynomials, prove
that Z 1
2
Pn2 (x)dx =
1 2n + 1
Hint: Recurrence formula gives us
Z 1 Z 1  
2 (2n 1)xPn1 (x) n 1
Pn (x)dx = Pn (x) Pn2 (x) dx.
1 1 n n

Using again the Recurrence formula for xPn (x) in the first term of RHS, one can
R1 2n1 1
R
show that 1 Pn2 (x)dx = 2n+1 P 2 (x)dx.
1 n1

8. Use generating function and the orthogonality of Legendre polynomials to prove


that
Z 1
Pn (x)dx 2 2
=
1 1x 2n + 1

9. Express (i) x3 (ii) x3 + 2x2 x 3 in terms of Legendre polynomials

2
10. Show that
m
X 22n (4n + 1)(2m)!(m + n)!
(a)x2m = P2n (x)
n=0
(2m + 2n + 1)!(m n)!
m
X 22n+1 (4n + 3)(2m + 1)!(m + n + 1)!
(b)x2m+1 = P2n+1 (x)
n=0
(2m + 2n + 3)!(m n)!

1 X (1)n1 (4n + 1)(2n 2)!
(c)|x| = + P2n (x), 1 x 1
2 n=1 22n (n + 1)!(n 1)!

X (1)k (2k)!(4k + 3)
(d)f (x) = P2k+1 (x), 1 x 1
k=0
22k+1 k!(k + 1)!

when

f (x) = 1, 1 x < 0

= 1, 0 < x 1

Hint: See the problems 4(a)-(c) for the problems 10(a)-(b). For 10(d), you may use
the identity
0 0
Pn+1 (x) Pn1 (x)
Pn (x) = .
2n + 1

11. Show that Z 1


2n
xPn0 (x)Pn (x)dx =
1 2n + 1
Hint: Use integration by parts and the orthogonality of Legendre polynomials

12. Prove that



1 t2 X
2 3/2
= (2n + 1)Pn (x)tn
(1 2tx + t ) n=0

The End

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