2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT)
TRx Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna with High
Isolation Ariunzaya Batgerel1, Myung Sun Song2, Jae Ick Choi2, Soon Young Eom2 1: University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea 2: Radio Technology Research Department, ETRI, Daejeon, South Korea
AbstractThis paper presents the use of a double spur-line band spur-line resonator called spiral defected microstrip structure rejection filter (DSL-BRF) to improve port-to-port isolation of a (DMS) was introduced into the feeding lines of a dual- TRx stacked microstrip patch antenna. The simple DSL-BRF has operation single microstrip patch antenna to improve the port- two different sideband suppression characteristics by tuning the to-port isolation. The authors achieved significant isolation separation between the end points of two spur-lines. A simple improvement in narrowband. TRx stacked microstrip patch antenna designed to operate at Ku- band with downlink frequency band of 12.25 ~ 12.75 GHz and In this paper, we introduced a TRx stacked microstrip patch uplink frequency band of 14.0 ~ 14.5 GHz had inherent isolation antenna with improved isolation using simple DSL-BRFs. of 17 dB within TRx-band. Isolation performance of the antenna Unlike the similar design in [5] where they achieved isolation was improved by more than 13 dB for Rx-band and 16 dB for improvement in narrow bandwidth, we obtained high isolation Tx-band after introducing DSL-BRFs into Tx- and Rx-feed performance in wider bandwidth. The filter structure and its networks, respectively. Because the DSL-BRFs are compatible to integration into the antenna structure are given in section II. be embedded in 50-Ohm transmission lines, the TRx antenna The simulation results followed by conclusion are discussed in with filters are remained as in same size as the antenna without the later sections. filters. II. ISOLATION PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT WITH DSL-BRFS Keywords - High isolation; band rejection filter; TRx stacked microstrip patch antenna The isolation performance of a rectangular patch antenna is inherently decreases as parasitic patches are attached. Fig. 1 (b) shows the isolation performance between two ports at orthogonal edges of a microstrip patch antenna (Fig. 1(a)) for I. INTRODUCTION single patch and stacked patch cases. Antennas for bi-directional communication have gradually been becoming smaller and lighter to meet the varied requirements arising from diversification of the communication environment [1]. Rectangular microstrip patch antennas have not only low profile, light weight, easy and inexpensive manufacturability, but also they can provide inherent isolation of more than 30 dB (but in narrowband) between orthogonal edges; therefore rectangular microstrip patch antennas can be used as TRx antennas with dual frequency and dual polarization. For wideband application, parasitic patches are (a) (b) Fig 1. Isolation performance between two ports. (a) TRx microstrip patch often stacked over the exciter, but stacking parasitic patches antenna (b) simulated isolation performance dramatically decreases its isolation performance. Inadequate isolation would cause failure for the sensitive Rx channel since In order to improve the isolation performance of a TRx Tx signal in a transceiver is usually very strong due to a high stacked microstrip patch antenna, we introduce a dual spur-line power amplifier (HPA) [2]. Therefore, poor isolation of a band rejection filter (DSL-BRF) into the TRx feed networks of stacked microstrip patch antenna prohibits the direct integration the antenna. The DSL-BRF consists of two spur-lines with active microwave components to form low-cost embedded in a microstrip line in an opposite direction, and this transceivers without embedded filters. filter structure was proposed in our previous work, [6]. The simple DSL-BRF has two different sideband suppression To improve the TRx port-to-port isolation of patch characteristics by changing the distance between the end points antennas, defected grounded structures (DGSs) and of two spur-lines. Fig 2 (a) shows the DSL-BRF with left electromagnetic band-gap structures (EBGs) have been sideband rejection characteristic while Fig 2 (b) shows the proposed in [3] and [4], respectively. However, DGSs suffer DSL-BRF with right sideband rejection. from increase in back radiation, and EBGs have complicated design and fabrication due to the multilayer structure. In [5], a
978-1-4673-1157-1/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE 654
III. SIMULATION RESULTS Simulated S-parameter performances of the DSL Rx- and Tx- band rejection filters are shown in Fig 4(a) and (b), respectively. (a) (b) Fig 2. Geometry of the DSL-BRFs. (a) Left sideband rejection, and (b) Right sideband rejection
The slot length (L1) of each spur-line determines a rejection
band and the distance (L2) between the end points of each spur- line determines the position of a pass band, which is at the left or right side of a rejection band. That is, if L2 is longer than L1 as shown in Fig 2 (a), the left side of a pass band can be properly suppressed; otherwise if L2 is shorter than L1 as shown Fig 4. Simulation result of the BRFs: (a) Tx-band rejection, and (b) Rx-band in Fig 2 (b), the right side of a pass band can be suppressed [6]. rejection These two filters are designed at Ku-band with downlink From the simulated results in Fig. 4, it is seen that the DSL- frequency band of 12.25 ~ 12.75 GHz and uplink frequency BRFs afford high rejection characteristic at the rejection band band of 14.0 ~ 14.5 GHz. The optimized parameters of the and good matching characteristic at the pass band. filters are given in Table I. Simulated S-parameter performances of the microstrip antenna without and with BRFs are given in Fig 5(a) and (b), TABLE I. PARAMETER VALUES FOR DSL-BRFS respectively. Please note that Rx-feed port is indicated as port1 Parameter value [mm] while Tx-feed port is indicated as port2; therefore S11 Parameters Tx-band rejection Rx-band rejection illustrates matching performance of Rx-port and S22 illustrates L1 3.68 4.25 matching performance of Tx-port, while S21 (S12) illustrates L2 2.16 5.93 isolation between TRx ports. W1* 1.56 W2 0.76 W3 0.15 S1 0.25 * is equal to the width of 50-ohm transmission line at Ku-band
Then, we embed the DSL-BRF in Fig 2 (a) into the 50-
Ohm transmission line of the Tx-feed network and similarly the filter in Fig 2 (b) into the Rx-feed network of the stacked microstrip patch antenna, which was also designed at Ku-band, as shown in Fig 3 (b). (a) (b) Fig 5. Simulated S-parameter: (a) without the BRFs and (b) with the BRFs
From Fig 5 (a), it is seen that the TRx stacked microstrip
patch antenna has wide bandwidth matching characteristic with port-to-port isolation performances of 19.36 dB at Rx-band and 17.1 dB at Tx-band. After introducing the DSL-BRFs into the antenna structure, the isolation performance was improved as more than 32.33 dB at Rx-band and 32.96 dB at Tx-band with good matching characteristics as observed from Fig 5 (b). Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of DSL-BRFs improved port-to-port isolation performances by at least 12.97 (a) (b) dB at Rx-band and 15.86 dB at Tx-band. Fig 3. Stacked microstrip patch antenna (a) without and (b) with DSL-BRFs Simulated E-/H-plane radiation patterns of the TRx stacked Because of the compactness of the filter, its integration into microstrip antenna at Rx center frequency of 12.5 GHz and Tx the antenna does not require any additional space. center frequency of 14.25 GHz are shown in Fig 6 (a) and (b), respectively.
655 REFERENCES [1] Noh, H.-S.; Park, U.-H.; , "Three-stacked microstrip patch array antenna for both transmitting and receiving," Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings - , vol.153, no.4, pp. 385- 388, August 2006 [2] Y. Tao, Z. Shen, and G. Liu, "Dual-band Ortho-mode Transducer with Irregularly Shaped Diaphragm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 27, 1-8, 2011 [3] Younkyu Chung; Seong-Sik Jeon; Ahn, D.; Jae-Ick Choi; Itoh, T.; , (a) (b) "High Isolation Dual-polarized Patch Antenna using Integrated Defected Ground Structure," Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE , vol.14, no.1, pp. 4- 6, Jan. 2004 [4] Inclan-Sanchez, L.; Vazquez-Roy, J.-L.; Rajo-Iglesias, E.; , "High Isolation Proximity Coupled Multilayer Patch Antenna for Dual- Frequency Operation," Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on , vol.56, no.4, pp.1180-1183, April 2008 [5] Fallahzadeh, S.; Bahrami, H.; Akbarzadeh, A.; Tayarani, M.; , "High- Isolation Dual-Frequency Operation Patch Antenna Using Spiral Defected Microstrip Structure," Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE , vol.9, no., pp.122-124, 2010 [6] Eom, S. Y. and Hong, I. P., A Novel Band Rejection Filter of (c) (d) Transmission Line Type using Double Spur-lines Microwave and Fig 6. Simulated radiation patterns: (a) E-plane at 12.5 GHz, (b) H-plane at Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 52, Issue 8, pp. 18801883, Aug 2010 12.5 GHz, (c) E-plane at 14.25 GHz, and (d) H-plane at 14.25 GHz
Without the DSL-BRFs, the stacked microstrip patch
antenna obtained directivity of 8.2 dBi at 12.5 GHz and 8.7 dBi at 14.25 GHz. After introducing the BRFs, directivities of the antenna became 7.8 dBi and 8.9 dBi at 12.5 GHz and 14.25 GHz, respectively. Moreover, there was some change in the shapes of the beam patterns, especially Cx-pol patterns at 12.25 GHz. These directivity increment and decrement and beam shape changes are the result of unwanted radiation from the filter networks. We can overcome these phenomena by shielding the filter parts with metal boxes, or placing the filter networks below the ground. In the latter case, feeding can be completed by using via-hole or coupling feeding techniques.
IV. CONCLUSION Enhancement of the port-to-port isolation of a TRx stacked microstrip patch antenna using simple DSL-BRFs was presented in this paper. The DSL-BRFs with the Rx- and Tx- band rejection characteristics were embedded into 50-Ohm transmission lines of Tx- and Rx-feed networks, respectively. With the usage of DSL-BRFs, the stacked microstrip patch antenna obtained isolation improvements of at least 13 dB and 16 dB at Rx- and Tx-bands, respectively. Depending on the link budget of a TRx system, the antenna structure with the simple DSL-BRFs can be used for short-range communication without the use of expensive and bulky front-end filters. Moreover, the DSL-BRFs are more promising in a planar array antenna. As a future work, we will fabricate the prototype antenna with and without the filters in order to verify the simulation results given in this paper.
