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    Design For Static Strength

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    karthik
    This document discusses theories of static strength and failure for designing machine elements. It describes how static loads are stationary forces that do not change over time. The maximum normal stress, maximum normal strain, maximum shear stress, and maximum distortion energy theories relate strength of a material to the loads it experiences. The document also discusses how brittle materials fail by fracture rather than yielding, and provides examples for analyzing failure of brittle materials under different stress conditions.

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    Design For Static Strength

    Uploaded by

    karthik
    37 views39 pages
    This document discusses theories of static strength and failure for designing machine elements. It describes how static loads are stationary forces that do not change over time. The maximum normal stress, maximum normal strain, maximum shear stress, and maximum distortion energy theories relate strength of a material to the loads it experiences. The document also discusses how brittle materials fail by fracture rather than yielding, and provides examples for analyzing failure of brittle materials under different stress conditions.

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    Design_04

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    This document discusses theories of static strength and failure for designing machine elements. It describes how static loads are stationary forces that do not change over time. The maximum normal stress, maximum normal strain, maximum shear stress, and maximum distortion energy theories relate strength of a material to the loads it experiences. The document also discusses how brittle materials fail by fracture rather than yielding, and provides examples for analyzing failure of brittle materials under different stress conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views39 pages

    Design For Static Strength

    Uploaded by

    karthik
    This document discusses theories of static strength and failure for designing machine elements. It describes how static loads are stationary forces that do not change over time. The maximum normal stress, maximum normal strain, maximum shear stress, and maximum distortion energy theories relate strength of a material to the loads it experiences. The document also discusses how brittle materials fail by fracture rather than yielding, and provides examples for analyzing failure of brittle materials under different stress conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 39

    Design for Static Strength

    Strength is a property or characteristic of a material or of a


    mechanical element
    A property which is independent of whether or not the part is
    subjected to a load

    A static load is a stationary force or moment acting on a


    member
    Unchanging in magnitude, direction and point of application
    Can be an axial tension or compression, a shear load, a bending
    load, a torsional load, or any combination of these

    It is required to develop the relations between strength and


    loads to achieve optimum component dimensions, with the
    requirement that the part will not fail in service
    The Theory of Static Theories of failure
    For the design of a machine element to be accurate, the engineer
    should have conducted tests on similar components exactly
    under the same loading conditions as the part will experience in
    service
    Such tests are, in general, costly

    The cost of gathering such extensive data is justified only under


    conditions where human life is in danger or when the part is to be
    manufactured in large number
    The fundamental problem of the designer is to use the simple
    tension-test data and relate them to the strength of the part,
    regardless of the stress state or the loading situation
    The essence of Theories of failure is that Whatever is
    responsible for failure in a standard tensile test will also be
    responsible for failure under all other conditions of static
    loading
    Various Theories of Failure

    Maximum Normal-Stress Theory


    Rankine Theory

    Maximum Normal-Strain Theory


    Saint-Venants Theory

    Maximum Shear-Stress Theory


    Tresca Theory

    Maximum Distortion-Energy Theory


    Von Mises Hencky Theory
    Maximum Normal-Stress Theory
    Maximum Normal-Stress Failure Surface (Biaxial)
    Maximum Normal-Stress Failure Surface (Tri-axial)
    Maximum-Normal-Strain Theory
    Maximum-Normal-Strain Theory (Biaxial)
    Maximum Shear-Stress Theory
    Maximum Shear-Stress Theory
    Maximum Shear-Stress Theory
    Maximum Shear-Stress Theory
    Then max= 0, and there is
    no yielding regardless of
    the magnitude of the stress
    Plane Stress Condition
    Comparison of the major theories of failure for a ductile material
    Plot of the major theories for a ductile material of Syt = Syc = 100 ksi
    Failure of Brittle materials

    Failure occurs by fracture


    Brittle materials do not have a yield strength

    Compressive strength is usually many times greater than the


    tensile strength

    The ultimate torsional strength Sus (i.e. the modulus of rupture,


    Tur /J) is approximately the same as the tensile strength
    Failure of Brittle materials (Contd)

    Coulomb-Mohr theory
    Based on the tensile test and the compression test
    Stresses and strengths are related by the equation

    1 3 1 0
    1
    S ut S uc 3 0

    Modified Mohr Theory


    More accurate in the fourth quadrant of the A-B plot
    Less conservative than the Coulomb-Mohr theory
    Failure of Brittle materials
    Example

    The shaft in the figure is


    made of Class 20 cast iron.
    The ends are simply-
    supported, but are keyed
    against rotation. The stress
    concentration factor at the
    bracket is 2.5. Find the
    diameter of the shaft using
    maximum normal stress
    theory, if the required factor
    of safety is 2.25.

    (For Class 20 Cast Iron,


    ut = 200 MPa)

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