APPENDIX F 409

APPENDIX F EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN SI-METRIC,

MKS-METRIC, AND U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS OF
NONHOMOGENEOUS
COD EQUATIONS IN THE CODE

SI-metric stress mks-metric stress U.S. customary units stress in

in MPa in kgf/cm2 pounds per square inch (psi)

1 MPa 10 kgf/cm2 142.2 psi

f c = 21 MPa f c = 210 kgf/ cm2 f c = 3000 psi
f c = 28 MPa f c = 280 kgf/ cm2 f c = 4000 psi
f c = 35 MPa f c = 350 kgf/ cm2 f c = 5000 psi
f c = 40 MPa f c = 420 kgf/ cm2 f c = 6000 psi
fy = 280 MPa fy = 2800 kgf/ cm2 fy = 40 000 psi
fy = 420 MPa fy = 4200 kgf/ cm2 fy = 60 000 psi
fpu = 1725 MPa fpu = 17 600 kgf/ cm2 fpu = 250 000 psi
fpu = 1860 MPa fpu = 19 000 kgf/ cm2 fpu = 270 000 psi
f c in MPa 3.18f c in kgf/ cm2 12f c in psi
0.313f c in MPa f c in kgf/ cm2 3.77f c in psi
0.083f c in MPa 0.27fc in kgf/ cm2 f c in psi
0.17f c in MPa 0.53f c in kgf/ cm2 2f c in psi
(5-2) f cr = f c + 2.33ss 3.5 f cr = f c + 2.33ss 35 f cr = f c +2.33ss 500
f cr = f c + 7.0 f cr = f c + 70 f cr = f c + 1000
Table f cr = f c + 8.3 f cr = f c + 84 f cr = f c + 1200
5.3.2.2
f cr = 1.10f c + 5.0 f cr = 1.10f c + 50 f cr = 1.10f c + 700

Section 0.0018 420 0.0018 4200 0.0018 60 000

-------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------
7.12.2.1(c) fy fy fy
Section
8.5.1 Ec = w1.5
c 0.043f c Ec = w1.5
c 0.14f c Ec = w1.5
c 33f c

Section Ec = 4700f c Ec = 15 100f c Ec = 57 000f c

8.5.1
(9-10) fr = 0.62 f c fr = 2 f c fr = 7.5 f c
fy fy fy
l n 0.8 + ------------ - l n 0.8 + ----------------- - l n 0.8 + --------------------- -
(9-12) 1400 14 000 200 000
h = ------------------------------------------------- 125 mm h = ------------------------------------------------- 12.5 cm h = ------------------------------------------------- 5 in.
36 + 5 ( fm 0.2 ) 36 + 5 ( fm 0.2 ) 36 + 5 ( fm 0.2 )

fy fy fy
l n 0.8 + ------------ - l n 0.8 + ------------------ l n 0.8 + --------------------- -
(9-13) 1400 14000 200 000
h = --------------------------------------- 90 mm h = -------------------------------------------- 9 cm h = ------------------------------------------------ 3.5 in.
36 + 9 36 + 9 36 + 9

0.25 fc 1.4 0.8 fc 14 3 fc 200

(10-3) As,min = ---------------------- bwd -------- bwd As,min = ------------------ bwd ------ bwd - bwd ---------- bwd
As,min = -------------
fy fy fy fy fy fy

s = 380 280 - 2.5cc 300 ----------

280
s = 38 ------------- 2.5cc 30 -------------
2800
s = 15 ------------------ 2.5cc 12 ------------------
2800 40 000 40 000
(10-4) ---------
fs fs f f f f
s s s s

Section M2,min = Pu(15 + 0.03h) M2,min = Pu(1.5 + 0.03h) M2,min = Pu(0.6 + 0.03h)
10.12.3.2
Section 2
11.1.2 f c 8.3 MPa f c 27 kgf/cm f c 100 psi

--`,,`,````````,,`,,`,,``,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 410 APPENDIX F

CODE COMMENTARY
SI-metric stress mks-metric stress U.S. customary units stress in
in MPa in kgf/cm2 pounds per square inch (psi)

(11-3) V c = 0.17 f c b w d V c = 0.53 f c b w d V c = 2 f c b w d

Nu Nu Nu
(11-4) Vc = 0.17 1 + -------------
- fb d Vc = 0.53 1 + ----------------
- fb d Vc = 2 1 + --------------------
- fb d
14A g c w 140A g c w 2000A g c w

V u d V u d V u d
Vc = 0.16 fc + 17 w ----------
- b d Vc = 0.5 fc + 176 w ---------
- b d Vc = 1.9 fc + 2500 w ----------
- b d
M w M w M w
(11-5) u u u
0.29 f c b w d 0.93 f c b w d 3.5 f c b w d

0.29N Nu Nu
(11-7) Vc = 0.29 f c b w d 1 + ------------------u- Vc = 0.93 f c b w d 1 + ------------- Vc = 3.5 f c b w d 1 + ----------------
-
Ag 35A g 500A g

0.29N Nu Nu
(11-8) Vc = 0.17 1 + ------------------u- f c b w d 0 Vc = 0.53 1 + ------------- f b d0 Vc = 2 1 + ----------------
- f b d0
A 35A c w 500A c w
g g g

V u d p V u d p V u d p
V c = 0.05 f c + 4.8 -------------
- b d V c = 0.16 f c + 49 ------------
- b d V c = 0.6 f c + 700 -------------
- b d
M w M w M w
u u u
(11-9)

0.17 f c b w d V c 0.42 f c b w d 0.53 f c b w d V c 1.33 f c b w d 2 f c b w d V c 5 f c b w d

V i M cre V i M cre V i M cre

Vci = 0.05 f c bwdp + Vd +------------------ Vci = 0.16 f c bwdp + Vd + -----------------
- Vci = 0.6 f c bwdp + Vd +------------------
(11-10) M max M max M max
0.14 f c bwd 0.45 f c bwd 1.7 f c bwd

Mcre = ----
I (0.5 f + f f ) Mcre = ---I- (1.6 f c + fpe fd) Mcre = ----
I (6 f + f f )
(11-11) y- c pe d y y- c pe d
t t t

V cw = ( 0.29 f c + 0.3f pc )b w d p + V p V cw = ( 0.93 f c + 0.3f pc )b w d p + V p V cw = ( 3.5 f c + 0.3f pc )b w d p + V p

(11-12)
0.33 f c 1.1 f c 4 f c
Section
11.5.5.3 0.33 f c bwd 1.1 f c bwd 4 f c bwd

bw s bw s bw s
Av,min = 0.062 f c ----------
- Av,min = 0.2 f c ---------
- Av,min = 0.75 f c ----------
-
f yt f yt f yt
(11-13)
bw s bw s 50b w s
0.35 ----------
- 3.5 ---------
- -----------------
-
f yt f yt f yt
--`,,`,````````,,`,,`,,``,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

(11-17) Vs = Av fy sin 0.25 f c bwd Vs = Av fy sin 0.8 f c bwd Vs = Av fy sin 3 f c bwd

Section
11.5.7.9 0.66 f c bwd 2.2 f c bwd 8 f c bwd

2 2 2
Section A cp A cp A cp
11.6.1(a) Tu < 0.083 f c ---------
- Tu < 0.27 f c --------
- Tu < f c ---------
-
p cp p cp p cp
2 2 2
Section A cp f pc A cp f pc A cp f pc
11.6.1(b) Tu < 0.083 f c ---------
- 1 + ---------------------- Tu < 0.27 f c --------
- 1 + ---------
- Tu < f c ---------
- 1 + -------------
-
p cp 0.33 f c p cp f c p cp 4 f c

2 2 2
Section A cp Nu A cp Nu A cp Nu
11.6.1(c) Tu < 0.083 f c ---------
- 1 + -----------------------------
- Tu < 0.27 f c --------
- 1 + ----------------
- Tu < f c ---------
- 1 + ---------------------
-
cp
p 0.33A g f c cp
p A g f c cp
p 4A g f c

Copyright American Concrete Institute

Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=Black & Veatch/5910842100
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 APPENDIX F 411

SI-metric stress mks-metric stress U.S. customary units stress in

in MPa in kgf/cm2 pounds per square inch (psi)

CODE COMMENTARY
2 2 2
Section A cp A cp A cp
11.6.2.2(a) Tu = 0.33 f c ---------
- Tu = f c --------
- Tu = 4 f c ---------
-
p cp p cp p cp
2 2 2
Section A cp f pc A cp f pc A cp f pc
11.6.2.2(b) Tu < 0.33 f c ---------
- 1 + ---------------------- Tu < f c --------
- 1 + ---------
- Tu < 4 f c ---------
- 1 + -------------
-
cp
p 0.33 f c cp
p f c cp
p 4 f c

2 2 2
Section A cp Nu A cp Nu A cp Nu
11.6.2.2(c) Tu < 0.33 f c ---------
- 1 + -----------------------------
- Tu < f c --------
- 1 + ----------------
- Tu < 4 f c ---------
- 1 + ---------------------
-
p cp 0.33A f g c p cp A g f c p cp 4A g f c

V u 2 T u ph 2
---------- V u 2 T u ph 2
--------- V u 2 T u ph 2
----------
+ ------------------- + ------------------ + -------------------
b d- 1.7A 2 b d- 1.7A 2 b d- 1.7A 2
w w w
oh oh oh
(11-18)
Vc Vc Vc
----------
- + 0.66 f c ---------
- + 2 f c ----------
- + 8 f c
b d b d b d
w w w

V u T u ph
---------- V u T u ph
--------- V u T u ph
----------
b d- ------------------
- b d- -----------------
- b d- ------------------
-
+ + +
1.7A oh 1.7A oh 1.7A oh
2 2 2
w w w
(11-19)
Vc Vc Vc
----------
- + 0.66 f c ---------
- + 2 f c ----------
- + 8 f c
b d b d b d
w w w

bw s bw s bw s
(Av + 2At) = 0.062 f c ----------
- (Av + 2At) = 0.2 f c ---------
- (Av + 2At) = 0.75 f c ----------
-
f yt f yt f yt
(11-23)
0.35b w s 3.5b w s 50b w s
----------------------
- ------------------ -----------------
-
f yt f yt f yt

0.42 f c A cp A t f yt 1.33 f c A cp A t f yt 5 f c A cp A t f yt
- ------ p h ------
Al,min = -------------------------------- - ----- p h -----
Al,min = ------------------------------- - ------ p h ------
Al,min = ------------------------
--`,,`,````````,,`,,`,,``,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

fy s fy fy s f fy s fy
y
(11-24)
A t 0.175b w A 1.75b w A t 25b w
------ > ---------------------- -----t > ------------------ ------ > --------------
s f yt s f yt s f yt
Section 5.5Ac 55Ac 800Ac
11.7.5
Section
11.8.3 0.83 f c bwd 2.65 f c bwd 10 f c bwd
Section
11.10.3 0.83 f c hd 2.65 f c hd 10 f c hd
Section
11.10.5 0.17 f c hd 0.53 f c hd 2 f c hd

Nu d Nu d Nu d
(11-29) Vc = 0.27 f c hd + ----------- Vc = 0.88 f c hd + ---------- Vc = 3.3 f c hd + ----------
-
4l w 4l w 4l w
Vc = Vc = Vc =
0.2N 0.2N u 0.2N
l w 0.1 f c + ---------------u- l w 0.33 f c + ---------------- l w 1.25 f c + ---------------u-
(11-30) lw h lw h lw h
0.05 f c + ----------------------------------------------------- hd 0.16 f c + ----------------------------------------------------------- hd 0.6 f c + --------------------------------------------------------
- hd
Mu lw Mu lw M lw
-------- ----- -------- ------ -------u- -----
Vu 2 Vu 2 Vu 2

Vc = 0.17 1 + --- f c b o d Vc = 0.53 1 + --- f c b o d Vc = 2 + --- f c b o d

2 2 4
(11-33)

Copyright American Concrete Institute

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Not for Resale, Commentary
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 412 APPENDIX F

CODE COMMENTARY
SI-metric stress mks-metric stress U.S. customary units stress in
in MPa in kgf/cm2 pounds per square inch (psi)

s d s d s d
(11-34) Vc = 0.083 ---------
- + 2 f c b o d Vc = 0.27 ---------
- + 2 f c b o d Vc = ---------
- + 2 f c b o d
b b b
o o o

(11-35) Vc = 0.33 f c b o d Vc = f c b o d Vc = 4 f c b o d

Vc = (p f c + 0.3fpc)bod + Vp Vc = (3.16p f c + 0.3fpc)bod + Vp Vc = (p f c + 0.3fpc)bod + Vp

(11-36) Note: p has the same units as the
Note: has units p Note: p has units
SI-meric version
Section
11.12.3.1 0.17 f c bod 0.53 f c bod 2 f c bod
Section
11.12.3.2 0.5 f c bod 1.6 f c bod 6 f c bod

Section f y t e f y t e f y t e
ld = ---------------------
- d b ld = --------------------
- d b ld = ---------------------
- d b
12.2.2 2.1 f c 6.6 f c 25 f c

Section f y t e f y t e f y t e
ld = ---------------------
- d b ld = --------------------
- d b ld = ---------------------
- d b
12.2.2 1.7 f c 5.3 f c 20 f c

Section f y t e f y t e f y t e
ld = ---------------------
- d b ld = --------------------
- d b ld = ---------------------
- d b
12.2.2 1.4 f c 4.4 f c 50 f c

Section f y t e f y t e f y t e
ld = ---------------------
- d b ld = --------------------
- d b ld = ---------------------
- d b
12.2.2 1.1 f c 3.5 f c 40 f c

fy t e s fy t e s 3f y t e s
ld = ------------------
- --------------------------d b ld = ------------------ ------------------------- d b ld = ----------------- --------------------------d b
(12-1) 1.1 f c c b + K tr 3.5 f c c b + K tr 40 f c c b + K tr
--------------------
db
- ------------------
db
- --------------------
db
-

A tr fyt A tr fyt A tr fyt

(12-2) Ktr = --------------
- Ktr = ----------------
- Ktr = --------------------
-
10sn 105sn 1500sn

Section 0.24f y 0.075f y 0.02f y

---------------- d b ( 0.044f y )d b ------------------- d b ( 0.0044f y )d b ---------------- d b ( 0.0003f y )d b
12.3.2 f c f c f c

Section 0.24 e f y 0.075 e f y 0.02 e f y

l dh = --------------------------- db l dh = -----------------------------
- d b l dh = --------------------------- db
12.5.2 f c f c f c

Section f--------------------
y 240 y 2460
f----------------------
- f----------------------------
y 35 000
-
12.7.2 f f f
y y y

A fy A fy A fy
l d = 3.3 ------b- ---------- l d = ------b --------- l d = 0.27 ------b- ----------
(12-3) s f s f - s f
c c c

f se f f f se f f f se f f
(12-4) l d = ------ d + ps se d b l d = --------- d + ps se- d b l d = ------------ d + ps se d b
21- b ---------------------
7 210- b -------------------
70 3000- b ---------------------
1000

Section d b fyt d b fyt d b fyt

0.17 ------------- 0.053 -----------
- 0.014 -------------
12.13.2.2 f c f c f c
0.073fydb 0.0073fydb 0.0005fydb
Section
12.16.1 (0.13fy 24)db (0.013fy 24)db (0.0009fy 24)db
Section (1.8 + 0.6v fy ) bvd 3.5bv d (18 + 0.6v fy ) bvd 35bv d (260 + 0.6v fy ) bvd 500bv d
17.5.3.3
--`,,`,````````,,`,,`,,``,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright American Concrete Institute

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 APPENDIX F 413

SI-metric stress mks-metric stress U.S. customary units stress in

in MPa in kgf/cm2 pounds per square inch (psi)
CODE COMMENTARY
(a) Class U : ft 0.62 f c (a) Class U : ft 2 f c (a) Class U : ft 7.5 f c

Section
18.3.3 (b) Class T : 0.62 f c < ft 1.0 f c (b) Class T : 2 f c < ft 3.2 f c (b) Class T : 7.5 f c < ft 12 f c

(c) Class C : ft > 1.0 f c (c) Class C : ft > 3.2 f c (c) Class C : ft > 12 f c
Section
18.3.3 ft 0.50 f c ft 1.6 f ci ft 6 f ci

Section
18.4.1(b)
0.25 f ci 0.8 f ci
3 f ci
Section
18.4.1 (c)
0.50 f ci 1.6 f ci
6 f ci

f c f c f c
(18-4) fps = fse + 70 + ---------------
- fps = fse + 700 + ---------------
- fps = fse + 10 000 + ---------------
-
100 p 100 p 100 p

f c f c f c
(18-5) fps = fse + 70 + ---------------
- fps = fse + 700 + ---------------
- fps = fse + 10 000 + ---------------
-
300 p 300 p 300 p
Section fps = fse + 70 fps = fse + 700 fps = fse + 10 000
18.13.4.1
Section 1.4b w d 14b w d 200b w d
-------------------- ----------------
- ---------------------
21.3.2.1 fy fy fy

350 h 35 h 14 h
so = 100 ---------------------x- so = 10 -----------------x- so = 4 ------------------x-
3 3 3
(21-5)
100 mm so 150 mm 10 cm so 15 cm 4 in. so 6 in.
Section
21.5.3.1 1.7 f c Aj 5.3 f c Aj 20 f c Aj
Section
21.5.3.1 1.2 f c Aj 4 f c Aj 15 f c Aj
Section
21.5.3.1 1.0 f c Aj 3.2 f c Aj 12 f c Aj

fy db fy db fy db
(21-6) ldh = ------------------
- ldh = ---------------------
- ldh = -----------------
5.4 f c 17.2 f c 65 f c

Vn = Acv(c f c + t fy) Vn = Acv(c f c + t fy) Vn = Acv(c f c + t fy)

--`,,`,````````,,`,,`,,``,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
hw hw hw
c = 0.25 for ------
- 1.5 c = 0.80 for ------ 1.5 c = 3.0 for ------
- 1.5
(21-7) lw lw lw

hw hw hw
c = 0.17 for ------
- 2.0 c = 0.53 for ------ 2.0 c = 2.0 for ------
- 2.0
lw lw lw
Section
21.7.4.4 0.66 Acv f c 2.12 Acv f c 8 Acv f c
Section
21.7.4.4 0.83 Acw f c 2.65 Acw f c 10 Acw f c
Section
21.7.4.5 0.83 Acw f c 2.65 Acw f c 10 Acw f c
Section 2.8/f y 28/f y 400/f y
21.7.6.5(a)
Section
21.7.6.5(b) 0.083 Acv f c 0.27 Acv f c Acv f c
Section
21.7.7.3 0.33 f c Acw f c Acw 4 f c Acw

Copyright American Concrete Institute

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Not for Resale, Commentary
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 414 APPENDIX F

CODE COMMENTARY
SI-metric stress mks-metric stress U.S. customary units stress in
in MPa in kgf/cm2 pounds per square inch (psi)

(21-9) Vn = 2Avd fy sin 0.83 f c Acw Vn = 2Avd fy sin 2.65 f c Acw Vn = 2Avd fy sin 10 f c Acw

(21-10) Vn = Acv ( 0.17 f c + t fy ) Vn = Acv ( 0.53 f c + t fy ) Vn = Acv ( 2 f c + t fy )

Section
21.11.5 0.29 f c bo d 0.93 f c bo d 3.5 f c bo d

(22-2) Mn = 0.42 f c Sm Mn = 1.33 f c Sm Mn = 5 f c Sm

M P M P M P
(22-7) -------u- ------u- 0.42 f c -------u- ------u 1.33 f c -------u- ------u- 5 f c
Sm Ag Sm Ag Sm Ag

4 f c
(22-9) Vn = 0.11 f c bw h Vn = 0.35 f c bw h Vn = -------------
- bw h
3
2 V n = 0.35 1 + 2 f c b o h 4 8
V n = 0.11 1 + --- f c b o h --- Vn = --- + ------ f c b o h
3 3
(22-10)
0.22 f c b o h 0.71 f c b o h 2.66 f c b o h
Appendix 0.85 1 fc 600 0.85 1 fc 6120 0.85 1 fc 87 000
B b = ------------------------
- --------------------- b = -----------------------
- ------------------------ b = ------------------------
- ------------------------------
fy 600 + f fy 6120 + f fy 87 000 + f
B.8-1 y y y
1.5 1.5 1.5
Nb = kc f c hef Nb = kc f c hef Nb = kc f c hef
(D-7)
kc = 10 or 7 kc = 10 or 7 kc = 24 or 17
5/3 5/3 5/3
(D-8) Nb = 3.9 fc hef Nb = 5.8 fc hef Nb = 16 fc hef

(D-17) Nsb = 13ca1 A brg fc Nsb = 42.5ca1 A brg fc Nsb = 160ca1 A brg fc

l 0.2 le 0.2 l 0.2

Vb = 0.6 -----e- Vb = 1.9 ----- Vb = 7 -----e-
1.5 1.5 1.5
(D-24) d o fc ( c a1 ) - d o fc ( c a1 ) d o fc ( c a1 )
d d d
o o o

l 0.2 l e 0.2 l 0.2

Vb = 0.66 -----e- Vb = 2.1 ----- Vb = 8 -----e-
1.5 1.5 1.5
(D-25) d o fc ( c a1 ) - d o fc ( c a1 ) d o fc ( c a1 )
d d d
o o o

--`,,`,````````,,`,,`,,``,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright American Concrete Institute

Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=Black & Veatch/5910842100
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Not forand Commentary
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