Differential Equations - Solved Assignments - Semester Spring 2008
Differential Equations - Solved Assignments - Semester Spring 2008
Maximum Marks: 30
Q#1:
Solution:
(1 x 4 )dy x(1 y 2 )dx 0
1 x
dy dx
1 y 2
1 x4
Integrating both sides we get
1 x
1 y 2
dy
1 x4
dx
1 1 2x
1 y 2
dy
2 1 ( x2 )2
dx
1
tan 1 ( y ) tan 1 ( x 2 ) c
2
tan 1 ( x 2 )
y tan[ c ]
2
is the general solution.
Q#2:
dy
x2 ( 1) y ( x y )
dx
dy
x2 x 2 yx y 2
dx
dy x 2 yx y 2
dx x2
x 2 yx y 2
dy x2
dx x2
x2
dy x 2 xy y 2
dx x 2 x 2 x 2
dy y y
1 ( ) ( )2
dx x x
dv
vx 1 v v2
dx
dv
x 1 v2
dx
dv dx
1 v 2
x
tan 1 (v) ln x ln c
tan 1 (v) ln cx
v tan[ ln cx]
y x tan[ ln cx]
is the general solution.
Q#3:
In the given problem, determine whether the given equation is exact. If exact, solve it
( Sin 2 x tan y) dx x(sec2 y) dy 0 ; y( )
4
Solution:
Here
M Sin 2 x tan y & N x sec 2 y
M N
sec 2 y sec 2 y
y x
M N
Clearly so it is an exact differential equaiton.
y x
Nowtake
f f
M Sin 2 x tan y 1 & N x sec 2 y 2
x y
On int egrating no 1 w.r.t x, we get
cos 2 x
f ( x, y ) x tan y g ( y ) 3
2
Partially differentiate w.r.t y we get
f
x sec 2 y g / ( y )
y
g ( y) c
then above equation becomes
cos 2 x
f ( x, y ) x tan y c1
2
cos 2 x
c2 x tan y c1
2
cos 2 x
x tan y c (c c1 c2 )
2
Given y ( )
4
Question 1: Marks=10
Tell that which kind of differential equation is that, also solve that D.E
dy
x( y) y 1
dx
dy
x( y ) y 1
dx
dy 1 1
(1 ) y (1)
dx x x
It is a linear D.E
1 1
Here P ( x) 1 , Q( x)
x x
1
(1 ) dx
I .F e
P ( x ) dx
e x e x ln x xe x
Multiply it by no(1), we get
dy
xe x e x ( x 1) y e x
dx
d ( xe x y )
ex
dx
On int egrating , we get
xe x y e xdx
xe x y e x c
Question 2: Marks=10
Solve the following D.E by using an appropriate substitution
sec( x y) dy dx
Solution:
sec ( x y ) dy dx
Put u x y
Differentiate w.r.t x, we get
du dy
1
dx dx
dy du
1
dx dx
dy
sec( x y ) 1 can be written as
dx
du
sec u ( 1) 1
dx
du
sec u sec u 1
dx
sec u
du dx
1 sec u
1
1 cos u du dx
1
u
du x c
2 cos 2
2
1 u
2 s ec 2 du x c
2
u
tan x c
2
( x y)
tan xc
2
Question 3: Marks=10
Question 1: Marks=10
By using Wronskian, check whether the following functions given below are linearly independent. If not, show its linearly
dependence.
(i ) f1 (t ) 2t 3, f 2 (t ) t 2 1, f 3 (t ) 2t 2 t
Question 2: Marks=10
Solution:
d4y
y 0, y (0) y / (0) y // (0) 0, y /// (0) 1
dx 4
Question 3: Marks=10
Suppose that an object of mass “m” is falling downwards from a height “h” with some velocity v m/s (velocity of the ball changes
w. r .t the time t).
As the ball moving downwards, there is some air resistance (some kind of force) say v where is the constant.
Deduce the differential equation that describes the rate of change of speed v m/s w.r.t the time “t” from above information.
Also solve that differential equation for m=10 kg and 5.
Hint: In that Question, you have to use Newton’s 2nd law of motion. Here you can also say that the ball moves downward with
acceleration “a”.
Solution:
Since the ball is moving downward so the force applied is the weight W of the object where W = mg (g =9.8 ms-2 or approx 10 ms-2)
Also air resistance = R = v
According to the Newton’s 2nd law of motion
Net force = m a
W-R =ma
m g - v = m a
dv d2x
m g - v = m m 2
dt dt
dv
m g - v = m
dt
dv m g -5 v
dt m
dv 5v
g- (but g 10 ms 2 , m 10)
dt m
dv 5 v 100 5 v
10 -
dt 10 10
Separating the var iables, we get
dv 1
dt
100-5 v 10
while int egrating we get
ln |100-5v | t
ln c ...(1)
5 10
1
when t 0; v 0 then c 1
100 5
put it in eqaution no (1) we get the required differential equation.
ASSIGNMENT 04
Maximum Marks: 30
Upload Date: May 17, 2008
Due Date: May 22, 2008
Question 1: Marks=15
y // y tan x
Solution:
y // y tan x is a non-homogeneous differential equation.
Step1:
To find out the complementary function
y // y 0
Put y e mx , we get
m2 1 0
m i
so yc c1Cosx c2 Sinx
Step2:
y1 0 cos x 0
W2 sinx
y /1 f ( x) sin x tan x
Step 5:
Next we determine the derivatives of the unknown variables u1 and u2 through the relations
W1 sin x tan x
u /1 sin x tan x
W 1
W sin x
u/2 2 sin x
W 1
Step 6:
sin 2 x
u1 sin x tan x dx dx
cos x
1 cos 2 x
dx
cos x
(cos x sec x) dx
sin x ln sec x tan x
u2 sin x dx cos x
Step 7:
Question 2: Marks=15
Where F D D2 2D 1
Its characteristic or auxiliary equation is
m2 2m 1 0
m 1
0
2
m 1, 1
So , yc c1 c2 x e x
3 A 4B 1---------------------(2)
4 A 3B 0 --------------------(3)
Multiply (2) by 4 and (3) by 3
12 A 16B 4
12 A 9B 0
4
B
25
4
3 A 4 1
25
So
3
A
25
y yc y p
So general solution is 3 4
y (c1 c2 x)e x e x ( Cosx Sinx)
25 25
ASSIGNMENT 05
Maximum Marks: 30
Upload Date: June 25, 2008
Due Date: July 01, 2008
Question 1: Marks=15
A 4-lb weight is attached to a spring whose constant is 2lb /ft. The medium offers a resistance to the motion of the weight numerically
equal to the instantaneous velocity. If the weight is released from a point 1 ft above the equilibrium position with a downward velocity
of 8ft /s, determine the time that the weight passes through the equilibrium position. Find the time for which the weight attains its
extreme displacement from the equilibrium position. What is the position of the weight at this instant?
Solution:
Since Weight = 4 lbs and constant = k = 2lb/ft
Therefore, by Hook’s law
4 = 2s
S = Stretch = 2ft & Damping force = dx/dt
1
Where 1
Since W mg 4 32m m slugs
8
Thus Differential equation of motion of free damped motion is given by
d 2x dx
m 2
kx
dt dt
2
d x dx
m 2 kx 0
dt dt
d 2x dx
2
8 16 x 0
dt dt
As the weight is released from a point 1 ft above
the equilibrium position with a downward velocity
of 8ft /s with initial conditions x(0) 1, x / (0) 8
d 2x dx
As 2 8 16 x 0
dt dt
Put x e , we get
mt
m 2 8m 16 0
(m 4) 2 0
m 4, 4
x(t ) (c1 c2 t ) e 4t
x / (t ) 4(c1 c2 t ) e 4t c2 e 4t
x(0) 1, x / (0) 8 gives c1 1, c2 4
x(t ) (c1 c2 t ) e 4t becomes x (t ) ( 1 4 t ) e 4t ... (1)
For extreme values x (t ) (1 4 t ) e 4t
x / (t ) 4 e 4t 4 ( 1 4 t ) e 4t
x / (t ) (4 4 16 t ) e 4t
x / (t ) (8 16 t ) e 4t
x / (t ) 8(1 2 t ) e 4t
x // (t ) 16 e 4t 32 (1 2 t ) e 4t (16 32 64t )e 4t ( 48 64t )e 4t ...(2)
For critical value put x / (t ) 0
(8 16 t ) e 4t 0
1
but e 4t 0 so 8 16 t 0, t put it in no (2), we get
2
1 1
1 1
x ( ) (48 32)e 16e 3 ve 0 so x(t ) has max imum value at t
// 3
2 2
1 1
At t , x(t ) (1 12 t ) e 4t becomes xmax ( ) 7e 2
2 2
To det er min e time " t " wherethe weight passes through the equilirium position,
its accelaration becomes zero.That is x // (t ) 0
(48 64t )e4t 0 (by u sin g no(2))
48 64t 0
3
t
4
Question 2: Marks=15
d3y 2
2 d y dy
x3 3
3 x 2
6 x 6 y 3 ln x3
dx dx dx
Solution:
For yc
y xm
2
dy m 1 d y m2 d3y
mx , 2 m(m 1) x , 3
m (m 1)(m 2) x m 3
dx dx dx
we get x m (m 1)(m 2) x 3 x m(m 1) x m 2 6 x mx m 1 6 x m 0
3 m 3 2
From (2 / )
we get u2 / 3(1 ln x)
after int egaration,
u2 3 x ln x
Nowequation no (1) becomes
3
u1 [ xdx x ln x dx ]
2
3x 2
(1 2 ln x)
8
3x3 3x3 (ln x) 2
y p u1 y1 u2 y2 u3 y3 (1 2 ln x) 3 x ln x
3
[ln x ]
8 2 2
3 x3
[1 2 ln x 2(ln x) 2 ]
8
Now general solution is y yc y p
ASSIGNMENT 06
Maximum Marks: 20
Upload Date: July 10, 2008
Due Date: July 18, 2008
Question 1: Marks=10
Find the interval of convergence of the given power series
( x 7) n
(i)
n 1 n
(1) n ( x 5) n
(ii)
n 1 10n
Solution:
(i)
( x 7) n
n 1 n
( x 7) n ( x 7) n 1
Here an an 1
n n 1
an 1 ( x 7) n 1 n n
R lim lim lim x7 x7
n an n ( x 7) n
n 1 n n 1
The above power series converges for x 7 1
i.e. 1 x 7 1 8 x 6 or x (8, 6)
It is the required int erval of convergence.
(ii)
(1) n ( x 5) n
n 1 10n
(1) n ( x 5) n (1) n 1 ( x 5) n 1
Here an an 1
10n 10n 1
an 1 (1) n 1 ( x 5) n 110n 1 x 5
R lim lim
lim x7
n an n 10 n 1
(1) ( x 5)
n n n 10 10
The above power series converges for x 5 10
i.e. 10 x 5 10 5 x 15 or x (5,15)
It is the required int erval of convergence.
Question 2: Marks = 10
Solve the Differential equation y x y0
// 2
Solution:
y // x 2 y 0 ...(1)
Here a2 ( x) 1, a1 ( x) 0, a0 ( x) x 2
& P( x) 1 0, Q( x) 0, R( x) x 2
So x x0 0 is an ordinary po int . As there are no finite sin gular
po int so there exist two solutions of the form y c x
n 0
n
n
which
converges for x .
y ( x) cn x n , y / ( x) ncn x n 1 , y // ( x) n(n 1)cn x n 2
n 0 n 1 n2
Therefore eq no (1) becomes n( n 1)cn x n 2 x 2 cn x n 0
n2 n 0
n(n 1)cn x n 2 cn x n 2 0
n2 n 0
2c2 6c3 x n(n 1)cn x n 2 cn x n 2 0
n4 n 0
Question 1: Marks=10
Express the given Bessel function in terms of Sin(x) and Cos(x) and power of x.
J7
2
J 5 1 x J 5 1 x
2 J
2 5
x
5
2 2 x 2
5
J3 x J7 x J5 x
2 2 x 2
5
J7 x J 5 x J 3 x (1)
2 x 2 2
w e know
3 si n x 2 2 2
J5 x ( . cos x) si n x
2 x x x x x
si n x 2 2
J 3 / 2 ( x) . cos x
x x x
T hen equat i on (1) becomes
5 2 3 2 3 2 si n x
J7 x [ 2 1 si n x .( cos x)] cos x
2 x x x x x x x
Question 2: Marks=5
Find the general solution of the differential equation
4 x 2 y '' 4 xy ' (4 x 2 25) y 0 on (0, )
Solution:
The general form of Bessel differential equation is
d2y dy
x 2
2
x ( x 2 v 2 ) y 0 -----(1)
dx dx
Question 3 : Marks=5
Solution:
Given equationis y / / / 3 y / / 6 y / 10 y t 2 1
y / / / 10 y 6 y / 3 y / / (t 2 1)
Now int roduce the var iables
y x1
y / x2
y / / x3
x1/ y / x2
x2 / y / / x3
x3 / y / / /
x3 / 10 x1 6 x2 3x3 t 2 1 is the required normal form.
y x1
y / x2
y / / x3
x1/ y / x2
x2 / y / / x3
x3/ y / / /
1 1
x3/ x1 3x2 2 x3 cos t
3 3