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Lecture 9: Inverse Response and Time Delay Systems: Department of Chemical Engineering I.I.T. Bombay, India

This document discusses inverse response dynamics in chemical reactor systems. It explains that increasing the feed rate of a reactant (FA) affects temperature through two competing mechanisms: initial cooling due to enthalpy changes, and subsequent heating due to increased reaction rate. This can cause an "inverse response" where temperature initially decreases before increasing. The document uses block diagrams and mathematical models to show that inverse response occurs when the time constants and gains of the mixing and reaction dynamics have specific relative values.

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Preeti Kumari
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80 views

Lecture 9: Inverse Response and Time Delay Systems: Department of Chemical Engineering I.I.T. Bombay, India

This document discusses inverse response dynamics in chemical reactor systems. It explains that increasing the feed rate of a reactant (FA) affects temperature through two competing mechanisms: initial cooling due to enthalpy changes, and subsequent heating due to increased reaction rate. This can cause an "inverse response" where temperature initially decreases before increasing. The document uses block diagrams and mathematical models to show that inverse response occurs when the time constants and gains of the mixing and reaction dynamics have specific relative values.

Uploaded by

Preeti Kumari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Chemical Engineering I.I.T.

Bombay, India

Lecture 9: Inverse Response and Time


Delay Systems
Department of Chemical Engineering I.I.T. Bombay, India

Fed-batch Chemical Reactor

FA -H
A -- > B

FA T
Chemical Reactor

Suppose the objective is to regulate heat generation and temperature


by manipulating FA addition.
With an increase in addition of FA, the concentration would obviously
increase with an increase in the rate and hence temperature.
Department of Chemical Engineering I.I.T. Bombay, India

Influence mechanisms

FA affects the temperature T through two different mechanisms :

- Differing enthalpies of mixing causes the reactor to temperature


to initially drop. Mixing dynamics is quick.

- Increase in concentration of reactants results in an increase in


the reaction rate and hence causes the temperature to rise. The
reaction dynamics is relatively slower.

- A balance between the two competing mechanisms causes the


temperature to exhibit inverse response dynamics.
Department of Chemical Engineering I.I.T. Bombay, India

Inverse Response

Note: Slope @
Department of Chemical Engineering I.I.T. Bombay, India

Inverse Response Mechanisms

Reaction dynamics
K1
1 s 1
+
u(s) y(s)

+
K2
2 s 1
Mixing dynamics
Department of Chemical Engineering I.I.T. Bombay, India

Inverse Response Mechanisms

( K1 K 2 )
The zero is located at s
( K1 2 K 2 1 )

Note: We consider open loop stable systems. So


t1 and t2 are considered to be greater than zero.

1 K2
(1 )
Equivalently, 1 K1
s
2 K2
( )
1 K1
Department of Chemical Engineering I.I.T. Bombay, India

Inverse Response Mechanisms

The zero will be a RHP zero if

K2 2 K2
(1 ) < 0 and ( ) >0
K1 1 K1

K2 2 K2
or (1 ) > 0 and ( ) <0
K1 1 K1
This implies that the zero will be in the RHP if
2 K2 2 K2
1 or 1
1 K1 1 K1
Department of Chemical Engineering I.I.T. Bombay, India

The zero will be a RHP zero I.e. the system will exhibit
inverse response if:

2 K2 2 K2
1 or 1
1 K1 1 K1

The gains must have opposite sign

The faster system must have the smaller gain

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