1. The Perfect Circle Company manufactures bushings.

Once each hour a sample of

125 finished bushings is drawn from the output; each bushing is examined by a
technician. Those which fail are classified as defective; the rest are satisfactory.
Here are data on ten consecutive samples taken in one week:
Sample no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Defective 15 13 16 11 13 14 20 25 30 45

a. What type of control chart should be used here?

b. What is the centerline of the chart?
c. What is the lower control limit (LCL)? The upper control I?
d. What statistic should be plotted on the control chart for?
e. Draw the control chart on a piece of graph paper.
f. Is this system under control?
g. What should the quality control engineer do?

a. Use the p chart. This is attribute data with the categories of satisfactory and defective
bushings.

b. .

c. .

d.

Sample No. Statistic (p) Sample No. Statistic (p)

1 16/125 = 12% 6 11.2%

2 10.4 7 16.0

3 12.8 8 20.0

4 8.8 9 24.0

5 10.4 10 36.0

e.

26.03 UCL


-- 16.16

6.29

LCL

0 5 10

f. No. Sample #10 falls above the UCL.

g. He should look for an assignable cause for sample #10.

2. Use the data in Problem #1 in this problem. Assume that an assignable cause has
been found for Sample #10 and has been corrected.
a. What is the value of the centerline of the revised control chart?
b. What is the lower control limit of the revised chart?
c. What is the upper control limit of the revised chart?
d. Compare the revised control chart to the original control chart.

a. The revised centerline will be obtained by deleting sample #10 and recalculating the value

of on the basis of the remaining nine samples.

revised
 b. Revised

Revised

Revised
c. The revised control limits have lower values than the original control limits, and they are
slightly closer to the centerline.

3. The Take-Charge Company produces batteries. From time to time a random

sample of six batteries is selected from the output and the voltage of each battery is
measured, to be sure that the system is under control. Here are statistics on 16 such
samples.
Sample Mean Range Sample Mean Range
1 4.99 0.41 9 5.01 0.49
2 4.87 0.57 10 5.19 0.56
3 4.85 0.59 11 5.40 0.44
4 5.26 0.74 12 5.15 0.63
5 5.09 0.74 13 5.00 0.35
6 5.02 0.21 14 4.89 0.45
7 5.13 0.56 15 4.99 0.54
8 5.09 0.92 16 5.05 0.33

a. What type of control chart should be used here? Why?

b. What is the centerline of the chart?
c. What is the lower control limit? The upper control limit?
d. What statistic should be plotted on the control chart for each sample?
e. Draw the control chart on a piece of graph paper.
f. Is this system under control?
g. What should the quality control engineer do?

a. Use the x-bar chart; this is measurement data.

b. v.
(k = the number of samples)
c. Because the value of the population standard deviation is unknown, use and the A2
control chart factor.

v.

v.

v.
d. The sample mean.
e.

UCL


--

LCL

0 5 10 15

f. No, sample #11 is out of control.

g. He should look for an assignable cause for sample #11.

4. Use the data in Problem 3 to draw an R chart.

a. What is the lower control limit? The upper control limit?
b. What statistic should be plotted on the control chart for each sample?
c. Draw the control chart on a piece of graph paper.
d. Is this system under control?
e. What should the quality control engineer do?
a. Because s is unknown, use and the factors, D3 and D4 from the Table of Control Chart
Factors.

v.

v.
b. The sample ranges.
c. UCL

--

LCL

0 5 10 15

d. Yes.
e. No action is needed.

5. Assume that an assignable cause has been found and corrected for sample # 11 in
Problem 3.
a. What is the value of the centerline of the revised control chart?
b. What is the lower control limit of the revised chart? The upper control Limit?
c. Compare the revised control chart to the original control chart.

a. v.
 b. LCL = 5.03 - .48(.53) = 4.78 v.
UCL = 5.03 + .48(.53) = 5.28 v.
c. The new control limits are lower but are still the same distance from the centerline.

6.Tinker Belle Peanut Butter is sold in .50 kilograms jars. The plant produces
thousands of jars of peanut butter per working day; the process is rather simple and
quite standardized, and is thought to be highly stable, with a standard deviation of .
016 kg. Management has specified that the jars should fall between .446 kg and .554
kg.
a. What is the process capability index?
b. Is this process capable?

a. (upper specification - lower specification/ = (.554 - .446)/6(.016) = 1.125.

b. Yes, but not by much.

7. Occasionally, a random sample of five jars of Tinker Belle Peanut Butter (see
problem #6) is selected from the output and weighed, to be sure that the system is
under control. Here are data on ten such samples. Measurements are in kilograms.
Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
.50 .50 .50 .51 .51 .51 .50 .50 .51 .50
.47 .48 .49 .51 .50 .50 .51 .52 .48 .51
.50 .48 .51 .52 .49 .52 .49 .47 .50 .49
.49 .48 .47 .51 .52 .51 .50 .49 .49 .50
.51 .47 .49 .51 .50 .51 .48 .49 .50 .47
Total 2.47 2.41 2.46 2.56 2.52 2.55 2.48 2.47 2.48 2.47

a. What type of control chart should be used here? Why?

b. What is the centerline of the chart?
c. What is the lower control limit? The upper control limit?
d. What statistic should be plotted on the control chart for each sample?
e. Draw the control chart on a piece of graph paper.
f. Is this system under control?
g. What should the quality control engineer do?

a. Use the x-bar chart; this is measurement data.

b. kg.

c. Because the value of the population standard deviation is known, find the standard error of

the sample means and use z = 3s. kg.

kg.

kg.

d. The sample mean. Here are the first few.

Sample No. Mean
1 kg.

2 kg.

e. UCL

--

--

LCL

0 5 10 15

f. Yes.
g. No action is necessary.

8. (One step beyond. Use Table D in this study guide.) Use the data in Problem 6 to
construct an R chart.
a. What is the lower control limit? The upper control limit?
b. What statistic should be plotted on the control chart for each sample?
c. Draw the control chart on a sheet of graph paper.
d. Is this system under control?
e. What should the quality control engineer do?
a. Because is known, use the factors, D1 and D2, from the Table of Control Chart Factors

in this Study Guide. kg.

kg.

b. Plot the ranges. Here are the first few of them.

Sample No. Range (R)

1 kg.

2 kg.

c. UCL

LCL

0 5 10 15

d. Yes.
e. No action is necessary.

9. The Poseidon Fabric Co. produces large beach towels (among other things): they
are supposed to be brightly colored and have a fringe on each end. From time to
time, a towel is selected from the finished goods and subjected to an intense
inspection in search of any and all defects. A defect is a stain, a badly dyed spot, a
 hole, a missing fringe, etc., each occurrence counts as a distinct defect. Here are
data on 12 sample towels.
Towel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Number of defects 2 1 3 0 1 4 0 1 3 2 3 1

a. What type of control chart should be used here? Why?

b. What is the centerline of the chart?
c. What is the lower control limit? The upper control limit?
d. What statistic should be plotted on the control chart for each sample?
e. Draw the control chart on a piece of graph paper.
f. Is this system under control?
g. What should the quality control engineer do?

a. Use a c-chart, because the data consists of the number of defects per unit; a unit is a towel.

b. defects per towel

c.

.
d. The number of defects per towel.

e. UCL

--

LCL
 0 5 10 15

f. Yes.
g. No action is necessary.