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    2015 Oil Gas Refining

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    gustavoemir
    The document provides an overview of the oil refining process. It defines crude oil and discusses the goal of refining to convert heavier crude into more valuable gasoline and diesel. The key refining units are identified, including those that use separation processes and those that use conversion reactions. A block flow diagram outlines the major refining units and how crude oil is processed and separated into different products like gasoline, diesel, and others. Finally, it discusses some of the economics and trends in the refining industry.

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    2015 Oil Gas Refining

    Uploaded by

    gustavoemir
    76 views33 pages
    The document provides an overview of the oil refining process. It defines crude oil and discusses the goal of refining to convert heavier crude into more valuable gasoline and diesel. The key refining units are identified, including those that use separation processes and those that use conversion reactions. A block flow diagram outlines the major refining units and how crude oil is processed and separated into different products like gasoline, diesel, and others. Finally, it discusses some of the economics and trends in the refining industry.

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    2015 Oil Gas Refining

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    The document provides an overview of the oil refining process. It defines crude oil and discusses the goal of refining to convert heavier crude into more valuable gasoline and diesel. The key refining units are identified, including those that use separation processes and those that use conversion reactions. A block flow diagram outlines the major refining units and how crude oil is processed and separated into different products like gasoline, diesel, and others. Finally, it discusses some of the economics and trends in the refining industry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views33 pages

    2015 Oil Gas Refining

    Uploaded by

    gustavoemir
    The document provides an overview of the oil refining process. It defines crude oil and discusses the goal of refining to convert heavier crude into more valuable gasoline and diesel. The key refining units are identified, including those that use separation processes and those that use conversion reactions. A block flow diagram outlines the major refining units and how crude oil is processed and separated into different products like gasoline, diesel, and others. Finally, it discusses some of the economics and trends in the refining industry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 33

    Refining 101

    Prepared for PESA


    May 2015
    What is Crude Oil?
    BlackGold
    .TexasTea

    2 - Wood Group Mustang


    What is Crude Oil?
    BlackGold
    .TexasTea

    3 - Wood Group Mustang


    ~15%

    5 - Wood Group Mustang


    Conversion vs. Separation

    6 - Wood Group Mustang


    Conversion vs. Separation
    Generally,heavycrudeisnotas
    valuableaslightercrude
    Goal:Makemoregasoline/dieselviaconversion

    Conversion(reaction)vs.Separation
    %gasoline/dieselwithoutconversion ~50%
    %gasoline/dieselwithconversion ~90%

    SeparationUnits ConversionUnits
    Crude FCC
    Vacuum Coker
    GasConcentration Hydrocracker
    Isomerization
    Reformer
    Alkylation

    7 - Wood Group Mustang


    Refining 101
    Propane
    Butane
    Natural Gas
    Refinery Fuel Gas
    Gasoline
    Solvents
    Kerosene
    Crude Oil Chemical Precursors
    Refinery (Plastics, Rubbers, etc.)
    Diesel
    Heating Oil
    Lube Oil
    Greases
    Asphalt
    Pitch
    Coke
    Byproducts

    8 - Wood Group Mustang


    Refinery Block Flow Diagram
    Units in a Refinery
    CrudeUnit
    VacuumUnit
    Hydrotreating/crackingUnit
    FluidCatalyticCrackerUnit
    DelayedCokerUnit
    GasolineUpgradingUnits

    10 - Wood Group Mustang


    Refinery Block Flow Diagram Crude/Vac Units
    Crude Unit
    Vacuum Unit
    Refinery Block Flow Diagram Coker
    Delayed Coker
    Refinery Block Flow Diagram FCC
    Fluid Catalytic Cracker - FCC

    BigSteamPlume
    Refinery Block Flow Diagram Hydrotreaters
    Hydrotreater
    Sulfur Plant
    Refinery Block Flow Diagram Gasoline Upgrading
    Gasoline and Diesel Pools
    GasolinePool GASOLINE BLENDING
    Octane
    Environmentalspecs Source % of pool
    Regional,rural/urban
    Specs Alkylate 13
    Octane
    Coker Naphtha 1
    Vap pressure
    Olefins Hydrocracked Naphtha 2
    Benzene
    Aromatics FCC Naphtha 36
    Sulfur
    Isomerate 6
    Blending
    DieselPool LSR Naphtha 3
    Onroad(ULSD)/Offroad
    Butanes 5
    Specs
    Cetane autoigniteproperty Reformate 34
    Flashpoint
    Coldprops cloud/pourpoint Total 100
    Blending
    StraightRun(SR)diesel moderatesulfur,noolefins
    FCCLCO highsulfur,olefins,aromatics
    Cokerdiesel highsulfur,olefins,aromatics,silicon
    Hydrocrackerdiesel lowsulfur,lowolefins,lowaromatics

    24 - Wood Group Mustang


    Refining Economics
    Reality:Refinersonlymake$515perbarrelofoilprocessed.

    TheRealityofRefining:
    1) PROCESSINGCOSTS(itcostsatonof$$$tobuildallthatprocessingequipment)
    2) VOLUME(onebarrelofcrudedoesnotequalonebarrelofgasoline)
    3) FEEDSTOCKPROPERTIES (youhavetobeabletogetcrudesyoucanprocess)

    4) MARKETS (refinersareatthemercyofcrudepricesANDgasolineprices)

    5) GEOGRAPHY (refineriesaretiedtotheirownregionsbyfeedandproductsupplylines)

    6) SEASONALITY (gasolineanddieselareseasonalproducts)

    25 - Wood Group Mustang


    $150 $225

    CrudeandGasolinePrices
    $125 RefineryMargins $200

    MinMargin MaxMargin CrudePrice GasPrices


    $100 $175

    $75 $150

    $50 $125

    $25 $100

    $0 $75
    Year: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

    $25 $50

    $50 $25

    $75 $0
    U.S. Refineries

    27 - Wood Group Mustang


    Refining Capacity vs. Refineries
    350 18000
    NumberofOperableUS
    Refineries
    17500
    300

    OperableCapacityx1000
    BBL/Day 17000
    250

    16500

    200

    16000

    150
    15500

    100
    15000

    50 14500
    82 83 85 87 89 91 92 94 96 98 99 01 03 05 07 08 10 12 14

    28 - Wood Group Mustang


    Trends in Refinery Upgrades / Revamps
    Environmental
    Benzenereduction EPAMSATIImandate
    AirqualityProjects SOX andNOX inFCCandfiredheaterfluegas
    Carboncapture/CO2 reduction
    EPATierIIIforfurthersulfurreductioningasoline
    Reduceproductsulfurcontent
    Grassrootshydrotreatingunits
    Revampexistingunitswithmorecatalystvolume
    SulfurRecoveryUnit(SRU)capacity
    Hydrogengenerationcapacityorbuyitoverthefence
    Crudequalityandcapacityupgrades
    Grassrootsconversionunits cokers /hydrocrackers
    Metallurgicalupgrades
    Pumpupgradesforhigherviscosity/rate
    Desalterupgrades
    Efficiencyupgrades

    29 - Wood Group Mustang


    Top Refiners US and Worldwide
    Refinery Throughput
    Barrels/Day (Jan 2014 OGJ) 1 ExxonMobil
    2 RoyalDutchShell
    5,589,000
    4,109,239
    6.3%
    4.7%
    3 Sinopec 3,971,000 4.5%
    4 BPPLC 2,858,964 3.2%
    1 ValeroEnergy 12 2,096,500 11.8% 5 SaudiAramco 2,851,500 3.2%
    2 Phillips66 12 2,060,200 11.6% 6 ValeroEnergy 2,776,500 3.2%
    3 ExxonMobil 7 2,043,500 11.5% 7 PetroleosdeVenezuelaSA 2,678,000 3.0%
    4 MarathonOil 8 1,714,000 9.6% 8 ChinaNat'lPetroleumCorp. 2,675,000 3.0%
    5 Chevron 5 955,000 5.4% 9 ChevronCorp 2,539,600 2.9%
    10 Phillips66 2,514,200 2.9%
    6 RoyalDutchShell 8 901,000 5.1%
    11 TotalSA 2,304,326 2.6%
    7 Citgo/PDVSA 4 849,400 4.8%
    12 PetroleoBrasileiroSA 1,997,000 2.3%
    8 BPPLC 5 795,900 4.5%
    13 MarathonPetroleumCo.LP 1,714,000 1.9%
    9 MotivaEnterprises 3 772,000 4.3% 14 PetroleosMexicanos 1,703,000 1.9%
    10 FlintHills(Koch) 3 714,400 4.0% 15 Nat'lIranionOilCo. 1,451,000 1.6%
    11 Tesoro 6 564,300 3.2% 16 JXNipponOil&EnergyCorp. 1,423,200 1.6%
    12 Sunoco 2 505,000 2.8% 17 Rosneft 1,293,000 1.5%
    13 SaudiAramco 3 410,000 2.3% 18 OAOLukoil 1,217,000 1.4%
    14 EnCanaCorp. 2 276,000 1.5% 19 SKInnovation 1,115,000 1.3%
    15 LyondellBasell 1 268,000 1.5% 20 RepsolYPFSA 1,105,500 1.3%
    Top15Total 78 14,153,200 79.4% 21 KuwaitNat'lPetroleumCo. 1,085,000 1.2%
    22 Pertamina 993,000 1.1%
    TotalAmerican 139 17,824,000 100%
    23 AgipPetroliSpA 904,000 1.0%
    24 FlintHillsResources 714,400 0.8%
    25 SunocoInc. 505,000 0.6%
    Totalrefiningcapacityoftop25woldwide: 52,087,429 59.2%
    Totalworldcapacityin645refineries: 88,029,000 100%
    31 - Wood Group Mustang
    The Changing Global Refining Landscape
    Percentage of Worldwide Capacity

    2000 2007 2010 2013


    NorthAmerica 26.5% 24.4% 22.8% 22.5%

    South/CentralAmerica 7.8% 7.2% 7.3% 6.4%

    Europe&Eurasia 28.1% 27.6% 26.7% 25.2%

    MiddleEast 7.9% 8.3% 8.6% 9.3%

    Africa 3.2% 3.3% 3.6% 3.7%

    China 6.1% 8.7% 11.0% 13.3%

    India 2.7% 3.4% 4.0% 4.5%

    Japan 6.0% 5.3% 4.9% 4.3%

    OtherAsiaPacific/Australia 11.7% 11.8% 11.0% 10.9%

    32 - Wood Group Mustang


    References
    USEIA:www.eia.gov
    BPEnergyOutlook2013:www.bp.com
    Wikipedia:en.wikipedia.org OilRefinery
    TheOilDrum:GlobalRefiningCapacity
    OilandGasJournal:www.ogj.com
    PetroleumRefiningfortheNonTechnicalPerson;WilliamLeffler
    AmericanFuelandPetrochemicalManufacturers:www.afpm.org
    VariousWoodGroupMustangprojects

    33 - Wood Group Mustang

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