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Assignment on
Study on USA
Course Code: Law

Course Title: Private International Law

Submitted to: Submitted By:

ID:
DateMd. Riaduzzaman
of Submission: 09-02-2017
1. 141-26-565
Head of the Department 2. 141-26-574
of Law, 3. 141-26-596
4. 141-26-575
Daffodil International
5. 141-26-587
University 6. 141-26-598

Date of Submission: 07.08.2017

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Table of Content

S.N Topic P.N

01 Acknowledgement.
02 Introduction.
03 Why Study in USA? Academic Excellence
Quality Education
Diversity and Variety
Academic Flexibility
Good career prospects
Improve your English skills

04 What Qualifications do one Need in Order to Attend University in

the United States of America?
05 Scholarships for International Students in the United States.
06 Financial Aid in the United States.
07 What degrees can we pursue Agriculture and Animal Sciences

in the United States? Biological and Biomedical Science

Communication and Journalism
Computer Sciences:
Engineering:
Liberal Arts and Humanities:
Physical Sciences:

08 Application Procedure.
09 Cost of Studying in USA.
10 Visa Application Fees.
11 Conclusion.
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Acknowledgement

First of all, We would like to thank Almighty Allah for giving me the opportunity to
complete this assignment.

We would also like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our teacher: Md.
Readuzzaman for helping and guiding me in making this Assignment on Maritime &
Shipping Law.

We have discussed a lot of things on this topic and tried to give my best to complete this
assignment, sometimes we took information from different books and websites which is
mentioned latter in this assignment

There may occur some mistake but please avoid this and consider only the positive sides
of the assignment.
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Introduction:

The worlds leading study destination for international students, the US boasts over 150
leading universities in the QS World University Rankings. In 2015/16, the number of
international students choosing to study in the US rose by 7% from the previous year to
exceed one million for the first time (reaching 1,043,839), according to the Institute of
International Educations Open Doors report. The most popular states for international
students were California, New York and Texas, while the most popular subjects were
engineering, business and management, mathematics and computer science. Of course,
its not just the high standard of US universities that attracts students from far and wide.
Whether youre attracted to the bright lights and fast pace of the big city or to miles of
unspoiled wilderness; sun-kissed beaches or vast mountain ranges; the rustic and
traditional or the sleek and modern, this huge and incredibly varied country has
something for everyone. The sheer volume and variety of universities in the US means
one can be pretty confident of finding a suitable institution in your preferred setting. And
if one doesnt get it right the first time, moving between universities in the US is not
uncommon, without losing any previous academic credit or having to start over.
Depending on ones subject and study level, he might need to take an admissions test,
such as the SAT at undergraduate level or the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) at
graduate level. Undergraduate degrees at US universities typically take four years to
complete. The first part of the degree is usually spent studying a wide range of subjects
some required and some electives after which students choose the subject or subjects
on which they want to focus known as major(s). One may also earn a minor
qualification alongside his major by completing classes in an additional field. This is often
used to supplement the major degree. For example, business majors often minor in
economics, while liberal arts majors may minor in philosophy. Some students also choose
minors simply to explore a field theyre interested in, even if it does not closely relate to
their major. The academic year in the US is usually split into two semesters, with the fall
(autumn) semester beginning in mid to late August and ending in December, while the
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spring term runs from January to May. Depending on where one is from, he might find
the academic terminology slightly different to what youre used to.1

Why Study in USA?

Studying in the United States and abroad doesnt just give you tangible degrees and
certificates. For any international student, the USA has a lot to offer: one of the most
prestigious, top ranked higher education systems in the world, eclectic cities and
beautiful natural parks, culture, history and a very multicultural population.

Academic Excellence

The United States has one of the world's finest university systems. The university system
in the USA is the most popular higher education destination anywhere in the world. In
fact over 30% (500,000) of all International students worldwide choose to study in the
USA every year. According to the QS World University Rankings, 13 of the top 20
universities in the world are in the USA.

Quality Education

The United States has more institutions of higher learning than any other country in the
world. Importantly, the academic bodies provide absolute quality education. Study
programs are tuned to the current scenario at all times. Quality of research is excellent
and the facilities available to bring your research to the market are exceptional. The
research at many of these universities is cutting-edge and often published in journals
worldwide. USA has always been a hub of inventions and Universities play a significant
role in the change process.

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Diversity and Variety

The United States offers variety. There is a wide range of schools, countless areas of study
and specialty degrees. If you are interested in studying business, you are not relegated to
just general study, but can choose from many concentrations: accounting, marketing,
international business, business management, business administration, or finance. (There
are many more!) This type of specialty study is available at the undergraduate, graduate
and doctorate level, too.

Academic Flexibility

A broad and diverse range of degree programs on offer with innovative and encapsulating
approaches to bringing the best out of its students. The USA education system is flexible
in terms of choice of courses within a college or university. During the course of study, a
student can transfer from one course/stream to another or one institution to another.
This aspect of the USA education system makes it distinct from other countries.

Good career prospects

On completion of your degree, you are legally authorized to work in the US in your
related field for about a year. You need to apply for Optional Practical Training
Employment Authorization (OPT). Most international students get inducted into the
company that hires them during their OPT period, by sponsoring their H1-B or work visa.
The H1-B work visa is usually granted by employers if they are hiring international
students in specialty areas such as software, engineering, accountancy, teaching or
marketing. Once your employer grants your H1-B, you are allowed to work in the US
without returning to your home country.
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Improve your English skills

Learning or improving your English skills are the main reasons why many students go
abroad. Certainly, being surrounded by English and using it on a daily basis can be a great
and easy way to improve your language skills. English is the language of business and if
you want to be successful in your career, you need to speak it well!

What Qualifications do one Need in Order to Attend University in the United

States of America?

The United States does not have a single group that recognizes the foreign degrees and
other qualifications that you may bring in order to obtain a degree in the United States.
International agreements and practice recognizes the admitting school or higher
education institution for those who are looking to attend a university in the United
States.

In order to be accepted to a university in the United States, one must have a secondary
school diploma or the equivalent at the very least. Then, there are a variety of factors that
they look at, including the grades that he had and any relevant test scores. In many cases,
the university will have to figure out his home countrys equivalent to those standard
requirements.

Because every countrys educational system is so different, some universities may have a
hard time making this determination. Many times, the admitting university will turn to
what are called credential evaluation services. Sometimes the international studies office
will tell what you need to know in order to be admitted to the university, but they will
end up turning to these services as well. These services are independent groups that
perform analyses of qualifications and credentials and tell the university what those are
equivalent to.
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If the higher education institution recommends a particular credential evaluation service,

then go with that one. Sometimes, one may not have to do anything and the university
will take care of that part. If they just tell him that he has to find an evaluation service,
then he need to be very careful; there are a number of them out there, but there is no
federal or state regulation of these services.

Choosing a Credential Evaluation Service:

How can one know which credential evaluation services are legitimate? One cannot go
wrong if he use one of the credential services that are involved in either (or both) of these
two associations:

National Association of Credential Evaluation Services (NACES) 19 credential

evaluation services that have admission standards and an enforced code of good
practice.
Association of International Credentials Evaluators (AICE) 10 credential
evaluation services are members of this association; they have a board of advisors
and an enforced code of ethics.

What do Credential Evaluation Services Need from a student?

Here are some of the things that the credential evaluation service will need from a
student in order to process your request for an evaluation:

Fees: The cost of the evaluation will differ on what information he have available.

English translations: If he has anything that is in the native language of his home
country, he has to see if he can obtain a certified English translation of the documents.
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The program one is studying: His acceptance to a university program may be based on
what program he is studying; certain programs may have different requirements for
admission.

More is better: If one has any information related to his education in his home country,
no matter what it is, he has to give it to them. Grade averages, degrees, diplomas,
certificates, test scores, and whatever else he may have should be given to the credential
evaluation service so they can have as much information as possible to evaluate your case.
The more information he provides, the more likely it will be that he will accepted.

Now what?

The credential evaluation service will then evaluate his case. There are many factors
included in the evaluation process, and the service will look at his case individually. This
is how evaluations are done for U.S. Citizens as well; we talk about that more in our
section on Applications. He may be evaluated differently depending on what university
he is seeking to attend as well.

If he disagrees with an evaluation, they do have appeal processes available. The

international studies office at the university he wishes to attend can help him go through
the appeals process without a lot of hassle. Going through the appeals process may take a
while, and he may not have a favorable outcome, but it is worth a try if he wishes to
attend that university badly enough.

The qualifications that one need to attend university in the United States will be
determined by the university and the credential evaluation service(s) that the university
and/or he uses. The international studies office at his desired university will assist him
with any of the questions or concerns that may come up during the process of applying to
university. Do not get discouraged and make sure to communicate regularly.2

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Scholarships for International Students in the United States

One of the reasons that many international students decide to attend university in the
United States is because there are a lot of scholarships available for them. Where can one
find these scholarships, and how can he work on obtaining them before him attend
school in the United States? These are being described below.

Online Scholarship Searches:

Before one student even get started, he should know that he has to pay for information
about scholarships. If a website asks for monetary information, then he need to avoid it
and go with a free search engine instead. Here are some of the websites that he can look
at in order to find scholarships specific to international students who want to stud in the
United States.

Scholarship Experts has a specific scholarship search available for international

students.
The International Financial Aid and College Scholarship Search at
http://www.iefa.org/ is useful.
Scholarships.com has tips to find scholarships for international students.
About.com College Apps site has a page just for international students who wish to
study within the United States

The International Scholarships webpage can help him to find scholarships, no matter
where in the world he wishes to go to study (even if its not the United States!).

These resources are a great place for a student to start his scholarship search; that way, he
can apply for as many scholarships as he can in order to maximize the amount of financial
aid that he are obtaining.
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Specific Scholarships:

There are other, more specific scholarships that we can attain if we are considering study
in the United States as well. Some of these scholarships will be granted by our home
country, and others may be offered by the university that we are attending in the United
States.

Our home country may offer scholarships to those studying abroad. These may be from
the government, from our secondary institution, or from a number of other sources.
Contact the educational system in our country for more information about these
scholarships and how we can apply for them.

We may also be able to receive scholarships from the university we are attending. There
scholarships are actually the main reason that many students decide to study in the
United States; there are a number of universities that are incredibly generous with their
funding for international students.

This U.S. News and World Report article focuses on the schools that offer their
international students the most money in scholarships per year if we would like a quick
look at how much money we may be able to get for our studies in the United States. If we
are looking for ways to obtain financial aid other than scholarships, then we need to find
out financial aid in the United States.3

Financial Aid in the United States

The financial aid system in the United States can be a very confusing system to navigate
through if we are not living in the United States, we need to follow some tips that can
make it much easier for us in the long run. The two main sources of our financial aid will
be from the United States Government (which is rare unless we are the candidates for
citizenship) or from the university which you are attending.

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Government Aid:

Government aid is hard to find for international students, unless we are in the process of
becoming an American citizen. There is more information there about the aid that we
may or may not be able to obtain as an international student. In short, it is highly
dependent on your immigration status, which visa that we are holding.

University Aid:

Financial aid from our university is actually where a majority of our college funding is
going to come from if we are an international student, which is likely why many
universities are generous with funding for students from other countries. Scholarships,
grants, and even loans can be made available from the university that we are seeking to
attend.

There are some of the requirements that can affect our university-based financial
aid:

Our home country. Some universities offer certain scholarships for students from
certain countries.
Our financial need. How much money will we need to attend school?
Our level of education. Some universities will offer assistantships and internships
to international students at the graduate level (your eligibility will vary depending
on our visa).
Some scholarships and grants are only available to undergraduate students, as
well.
Activities we were involved with during your secondary schooling. Were we
involved in athletics or other extracurricular activities? We may be able to get
funding because of our involvement.
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The degree that we are pursuing. Certain universities will have funding for
students that are pursuing particular degrees.
Grades from previous education. Our secondary or undergraduate education
grades can help us with eligibility for funding from our university.

When we apply to our university as an international student, we will hear from our
financial aid office shortly after. They will help us get started with any of the paperwork
and documentation necessary to apply for funding. We may also be able to obtain
financial aid from scholarships.4

Government and Jurisdiction

Like many governments worldwide, the United States government operates under a
written constitution. The document is made up of a few key parts; the Preamble, seven
Articles, and 27 Amendments. Under these parameters the federal government was
created and continues to function, even though the interpretation of these core pieces has
changed with the times. The United States Constitution provides its citizens a method
with which to work towards making changes, the amendments, as they become
necessary.

The United States Constitution was built on six key principles. The most complex of these
values is the concept of Federalism. Federalism is the idea that power in the United States
is divided between the Federal government and those of the States. Sometimes there are
overlaps in the division of powers that can lead to problems, like the United States Civil
War, or the response to Hurricane Katrina. One of the other concepts the United States
Constitution was based on was the idea of Limited Power. The idea behind Limited Power
is that the government is not above its own laws, and must follow those laws and gets its
power from the citizens of the United States. Popular Sovereignty is another of the
principles the Constitution was founded on. This is the idea that the government gets its

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power from the citizens and should work for those citizens or be dissolved. The
Separation of Powers is one of the key concepts that mandate the government to be split
into three branches with their own responsibilities; the Legislative, the Executive, and the
Judicial. The last two principals were selected to help balance the Separation of Powers.

Taking a closer look at the Separation of Powers outlined in the United States
Constitution reveals a three branch system. The branches are the Legislative, the
Executive, and the Judicial. The Legislative branch is comprised of the Congress and their
task is to make the federal laws. The Legislative branch is made up of two houses; the
Senate and the House. The Senate is based on equal representation where all states have
the same number of votes while the House is representation based on population,
awarding more votes to states with more people. The Executive branch is comprised of
the President of the United States, and those who assist the President in the task of
administering, implementing and enforcing the laws, often called the Bureaucracy. The
President is the head of power in the model of government outlined in the Constitution.
The Judicial branch includes the court systems of the United States, the highest of which
is the Supreme Court. Their task is to interpret and apply the laws put into place by the
Executive branch.

The Separation of State gave rise to the fifth and sixth principle upon which the United
States Constitution was founded. One of these was a system of Checks and Balances. This
structure was set up to give each of the three branches abilities to keep any one branch
from getting too powerful. The following are some examples of the Checks and Balances
put into place. The Legislation was given the power to either approve or deny any
requests from the President (the Executive Branch) to go to war or to appoint individuals
to positions, including the Supreme Court (Judicial Branch). The Executive Branch gained
its checks in the form of powers afforded to the President. The United States President
was given the ability to approve or deny laws that the Legislative Branch is trying to pass.
The Judicial Branch was given the power to declare laws, passed by the Legislative branch
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and approved by the Executive branch, unconstitutional. This last power is the sixth
principle the Constitution was founded on, called Judicial Review.

In addition to defining how the government was to be created, the United States
Constitution also outlined the process by which the citizens of the United States could
gain positions of office in the three branches. The Supreme Court in the Judicial Branch
and the Cabinet, a group of advisors to the President in the Executive Branch, are given
their positions by Presidential appointment. The majority of positions in the United
States Government, however, are dictated by the process of Election. While there are
several different variations on the election process at the various levels it occurs, it can be
described as United States citizens voting on the individuals they want to be a part of
their government. Elections occur at local, state, and national levels. The most well-
known example is the election of the United States President once every four years.

Among the factors that influence elections, the paramount is the political party system.
The United States functions under a two-party system, meaning that there are two
political parties to whom the majority of voters offer their support. While the majority of
candidates for positions in the United States government come from the two main
parties, Democrat and Republican, there are several smaller parties who can influence the
results of the vote. There are four major types of these third-parties; Ideological, Single-
Issue, Economic Protest, and Splinter parties.5

What degrees can we pursue in the United States?

The United States has always been perceived as a country that can open the doors to a
number of opportunities. Part of the reason for this is the vast number of undergraduate
and postgraduate degrees that universities in the United States have available for people
who decide to study there.

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Here is a brief list of some of the different categories of degrees that you can pursue if you
decide to study in the United States.

Agriculture and Animal Sciences:

If we enjoy working with animals, or if we desire to help with the agriculture industry in
our own country then in the United States we can complete a degree in Animal Science,
Agricultural Business, Animal Behavior, Veterinary Science, Zoology or Equine Science.

Biological and Biomedical Sciences:

A student can complete degree in Biomedical Informatics, Biological Technology,

Biomedical Technology, or a general degree in Biological Sciences.

Business:

If we want to win our own business someday, or if we want to work in the business world
then we can pursue Applied Management, Finance, Human resources, Economics,
Business Administration, or Customer Relation Management.

Communications and Journalism:

If communication is our interest, we can study Advertising, Marketing, Internet

Communications, Radio, Film, Print Journalism, or Organizational Management
Communications.
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Computer Sciences:

Due to constant advancements in technology, computer science is quickly becoming one

of the most popular fields in the world. We can study Database Management,
Information Technology, Telecommunications, or Game Design; we can opt for a
Bachelor in Business Administration, with specialization in Information Technology or
Telecommunications Management.

Education:

There are degrees for every level of early childhood, elementary, and secondary education
available in the United States. The education that we will receive will depend on which
state that we study in, however, because the requirements for teacher education vary by
state.

Engineering:

There are a number of engineering degrees that we can consider if engineering is our
interest. Civil Engineering, architectural engineering, and mechanical engineering are just
a few. If we are interested in architectural engineering, we can pursue a degree in
Architectural Technology, Architecture, or Environmental Design as well.

Legal:

There are numerous legal degrees out there for us to choose from, including Criminal
Justice, Law, and a number of other degrees that involve the legal system.
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Liberal Arts and Humanities:

Archaeology, Humanities, Sociology, Psychology, Anthropology, Sports and Recreation

Management, Behavioral Science, Clinical Psychology and general liberal arts degrees are
included in the realm of liberal arts degrees.

Mechanic and Repair Technologies:

If we have interest in machines, we can get a degree in Heating, Air Conditioning &
Refrigeration Technology, Aerospace Technology, Welding Engineering or Airplane
Mechanics. There are also certificates available in many mechanical fields.

Medical and Health Profession:

To launch ourselves in a career related to medicine, we can major in Health Care

Management, Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, Medical Office Management,
Nursing, or Pre-Medicine Degrees (which are usually in conjunction with a biology,
physics, or chemistry degree).

Physical Sciences:

Environmental Protection and Conservation, Math, Physics, Natural Resource

Management, Conservationism, and Environmental Science degrees are offered at a
number of universities.
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Visual and Performing Arts:

If we are planning on pursuing a career in visual and/or performing arts, we can study
Advertising Design, Art History, Fine Arts, Music, Musical Performance Musical Theatre,
Theatre, Art, and an number of other degrees related to these fields.

These arent our only options, either; we can get a number of degrees that arent
mentioned either.6

Application Procedure

Intakes:

US universities usually have 3 Intakes_

Spring: January/February

Fall: August/September

Summer: May/June

Main intakes are Fall and Spring, but few universities have Summer Intake.

English Language Requirements:

All students must have the required English Language proficiency with regards to the
course. Depending on the University IELTS Score of 5.5 to 6.5 is required for Undergrad
Programs and 6.0 to 6.5 is required for Post Grad Programs. TOEFL score of 79 to 100 is
required respectively.

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Academic Requirements:

Bachelors Degree: These are undergraduate degrees with duration of 4 years. Minimum
Qualification for all Bangladeshi student is_

S.Sc or equivalent exam GPA 3.5

H.Sc or equivalent exam GPA 3.5
IELTS or TOEFL is mandatory

Post Graduate / Masters Degree: The duration of Masters level courses may range
from a year to two depending on the university and the area of specialization. In general,
most Masters level courses in the USA are two years, which students can also finish in a
little over 18 months, should they utilize their vacations studying additional credits early.
Minimum Qualification for all Bangladeshi student is_

S.Sc or equivalent exam GPA 4.0 above or 70% mark

H.Sc or equivalent exam GPA 4.0 above or 70% mark
Graduation or equivalent exam CGPA 2.75
IELTS or TOEFL is mandatory

Cost of Studying in USA

Course fees

Initial Application Fee $50-$150 (per application).

Depending on the University Tuition Fees varies from $7,500 to $40,000 per year.
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Funding to study in the USA

Funding for international students is readily available, although options will vary between
universities. Some institutions will provide scholarships covering the entire cost. The
most common sources of funding are:

Merit scholarships - for those with outstanding academic achievement or talent

in performing arts.
Need-based financial aid - for those whose family cannot support them.
Sports scholarships - available for students who are gifted in a specific sport but
also academically eligible for admission.

Your course of study and the type of school you plan to attend determine whether you
need an F-1 visa or an M-1 visa. Students should schedule their visa interviews as soon as
they are accepted to a university.

Once applicants are accepted to a university, they will send you a SEVIS-generated Form
I-20. You and your school official must sign the Form I-20. Each person receives an
individual Form I-20 which s/he must bring to the Embassy at the time of interview.

All students, their spouse and minor children if they intend to reside in the United States
with the student, must be registered in the Student and Exchange Visitor System (SEVIS).

Visa Application Fees:

Visa categories USD Payable at

F-1, M-1 $160 Eastern Bank Limited

SEVIS Fee (Student - F1) $200 at www.fmjfee.com

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