Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics) Page # 1

BASIC MATHEMATICS LOGARITHM

EXERCISE I HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 C
(a b)3 + (b c )3 + (c a)3
A 3=
A & B are two rational number then is (a b)(b c )(c a)
B
Also rational number if B 0.
Sol.8 C
x3 a2x + x + 2 & factor (x a)
Sol.2 A
then a3 a2 . a + a + 2 = 0
Every irrational number can be expressed on the
a3 a3 + a + 2 = 0 a = 2
number line. This statement is always true.

Sol.9 B
Sol.3 D
P(4) = k43 + 3. 42 3 & Q(4) = 2. 43 5 . 4 + k
(rational) (irrational) = irrational except when x = 0 remainder is same
x y
P(4) = Q(4) 64 k + 48 3 = 128 20 + k

Sol.4 B 63
63 k = 108 45 k= =1
63
(x 2y) 2 = (x 2y) + (x y 1) 6

(x 2y)( 2 1) = (x y 1) 6 Sol.10 A
2x3 5x2 + x + 2 = (x 2) (ax2 bx 1)
x 2y = 0 & x y 1 = 0 y = 1, x = 2
2x3 5x2 + x + 2 = (x 2) (2x2 x 1)
Aliter : (x + y) + (x 2y) 2 = 2x y + (x y 1) 6 a=2 b=1

x(1 + 2 ) + y (1 2 2 ) = x(2 + 6) Sol.11 C

|4x + 3| + |3x 4| = 12
+ y (1 6 ) 6 (x, y are rationals)
3
(4x + 3) (3x 4) = 12 ; x ...(i)
( x 1) 6 x 2 + x 4
y=
6 2 2 +2
3 4
If x = 2, y = 1 otherwise y is not rational 4x + 3 (3x 4) = 12; <x ...(ii)
4 3
so x = 2 y = 1
4
4x + 3 + (3x 4) = 12; x> ...(iii)
Sol.5 A 3
(x 1)2 + (x 2)2 + (x 3)2 = 0
11
x = 1 & x = 2 & x = 3 No real solution From (i) x = From (ii) x = 5 (reject)
7
Sol.6 B 13
a(a b) + b (b c) + c(c a) = 0 From (iii) x =
7
a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca = 0
1 Sol.12 D
[(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2] = 0
2 |x|2 3|x| + 2 = 0 (|x| 2) (|x| 1) = 0
(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 = 0 a = b = c x = 1, 2 number of real roots is 4.

Sol.7 D Sol.13 B
= logabc bc + logabc ca + logabc ab
(a b)3 + (b c )3 + (c a)3
(a b)(b c )(c a) = logabc bc . ca . ab = logabc abc = 1
[ a + b + c = 0 a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc]
3(a b) (b c) (c a) = (a b) + (b c)3 + (c a)3
3

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 Page # 2 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics)

Sol.14 C Sol.18 B
x2 2x 3 = 0 (x 3) (x + 1) = 0
1
log215 log1/6 2 log3 = log315 = 1 + log35 =1+1=2 x = 1, 3 (x = 1 reject x > 0)
6
number of values of x is one
integral part of log3 5 = 1
Integer = 2 Sol.19 C

Sol.15 D x2 = | x | x < 0 | x| = x
1
logx log18 ( 2 + 8)= , 1000 x = ? log10 (x) = log10 (x)2
3
log18 ( 2 + 2 2 ) = x1/3 log10 (x) = log10(x)

log183 2 = x1/3 log10(x) = (log10(x))2

log10(x) (log10(x) 1) = 0
2 log10(x) = 0 or log10(x) = 1
(3 2 )2 = 18x
1/3 1/3
18 = 182x (x) = 1 or (x) = 10

number of real solution is 2
1
x= 1000x = 125
8 Sol.20 B
(3x2 10x + 3) log |x 3| = 0
Sol.16 D log |x 3| = 0 or 3x2 10x + 3 = 0
x 3 0 or (x 3) (3x 1) = 0
4 2
2log2 (a ) 3log3 (a +1) 2a a4 (a2 + 1) 2a x 3 or x 3 = 0, x = 1/3
= = and |x 3| = 1 But x 3
a2 a 1
2
7log7 (a ) a 1
x 3 = 1 or 3 x = 1 x = 4 or x = 2
(a2 )2 (a + 1)2 Three real solution
= = a2 + a + 1
(a2 a 1)
Sol.21 C
log27 log24 < log27 < log28
Sol.17 D 2 < log27 < 3 i.e. not integer
1 1 1 p
= log abc + log abc + log abc Let log27 = (where p and q are coprime)
b c a q
= logabc b + logabc c + logabc a = logabcabc = 1 2p/q = 7 2p = 7q
which is not possible so log27 an irratoinal number

Sol.22 C
antilog16 0.75 = (16)3/4 = (24)3/4 = 23 = 8

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 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics) Page # 3

EXERCISE II HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 A,B 2(logx2) + 2 (logx2)2 + 6(logx2) = 3 +

3logx2
y
= x x 0 ; y = x2 y 0 22 + 5 3 = 0 (Let
x
= logx 2)
x2 > 0 so y > 0 y 1 y 1 & 0 ( + 3) (2 1) = 0 a=
3, 1/2
Sol.2 A,B,C,D
logx2 = 3 x = 21/3 (Irrational)
= log3135 log315 log35 log3405
= (log35 + log333) (log35 + log33) 1
or logx2 = x = 4 (Integer)
log35 (log35 + log334) 2
= (x + 3) (x + 1) x (x + 4) {Let log35 = x}
= x2 + 4x + 3 x2 4x = 3 Prime, rational Integer Sol.5 A,B,C,D

2 9 3
Sol.3 A,B [(log3 x) log3 x + 5] (log3 x) = Let log3x =
2 2
log3xy = 2log33 + log32
log3xy = log3(2 9) xy = 18 (2 3 9 2 + 10 ) 3
=
2 2
2
and log27(x + y) = x + y = 272/3 23 92 + 10 3 = 0
3
( 1) (22 + 3) = 0
x + y = 32 x+y=9
2 9 + 18 = 0 ( 6) ( 3) = 0 1
( 1) ( 3) (2 1) = 0 = 1, 3,
= 6, 3 so (x, y) (6, 3) (3, 6) 2
1
Sol.4 A,B,C,D log3x = 1; log3x = 3 ; log3x =
2
x = 3 ; x = 33 = 27 ; x = 3
4 logx 2 6 logx 2
+ 1 + log 2 = 3 Exactly three solution, one is irrational solution
2 x
and every real number is also complex.

EXERCISE III HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 Let any two odd natural no.
(2m+1) & (2n+1), m, n N 1 1 ( 2 + 3 )
(ii)
(2m+1)2 (2n+1)2 = 4m 2 + 4m 4n2 4n 1+ ( 2 + 3 ) 1 ( 2 + 3 )
= 4(m n) (m + n 1)
= 4(m n) (m n + (2n + 1)) 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Which is divisible by 8. = 2 = =
1 ( 2 + 3 ) 1 (5 + 2 6 ) 42 6
(m n) is even (m + n 1) is odd
(m n) is odd (m + n 1) is even (1 2 3 ) ( 2 + 3 1)(2 6 )
= =
4+2 6 2( 2 + 6 )(2 6 )
2 1 2 +1
Sol.2 (i) 2 2 +2 3 22 3 3 2 + 6
2 +1 2 +1 =
2( 4 6)

1 2 1 2 1 2 + 6 2
= = = 21 2+ 2 6
2 +1 2 1 2 1 = =
2( 2) 4

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 Page # 4 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics)

Sol.3 (i) (x y)3 y3 Sol.6 |a1| + |a2| + |a3| + ... + |an| = 0,

= (x y y) ((x y)2 + (x y) y + y2) sum of positive number is zero
= (x 2y) (x2 xy + y2) then all a1, a2 ... an must be zero
a1 = a2 = a3 = ... = an = 0
1
(ii) a3 +4
a3 Sol.7 (i) |x| + 2 = 3 |x|= 1 x=1
3
(ii) |x| 2x + 5 = 0
1 1 If x 0 x 2x + 5 = 0 x + 5 = 0 x = 5
= (a)3 + + (1)3 3(a) (1)
a a If x < 0 x 2x + 5 = 0 3x + 5 = 0
5
1 2 1 1 x= (reject)
= a + 1 a + 2 + 12 + 1 + a 3
a a a
It is not satisfies the given equation so x = 5
1 2 1 1 (iii) x |x| = 4
= a + 1 a + 2 a + + 2 If x 0 x2 = 4 x = 2, x 2
a a a
If x < 0 x2 = 4 x2 = 4
(iii) x3 6x2 + 11x 6 (iv) ||x 1| 2 | = 1
at x = 1, given polynomial is zero |x 1| 2 = 1 or |x 1| 2 = 1
= x2 (x 1) 5x (x 1) + 6 (x 1) |x 1| = 3 or |x 1| = 1
= (x 1) (x2 5x + 6) = (x 1) (x 2) (x 3) x = 4 & x = 2 or x = 2 & x= 0
(iv) x3 9x 10 x = 0, 2, 4
at x = 2, polynomial is zero (v) |x|2 |x| + 4 = 2x2 3|x| + 1
= x2 (x + 2) 2x (x + 2) 5(x + 2) 2|x|2 |x|2 2|x| 3 = 0
= (x + 2) (x2 2x 5) |x|2 2|x| 3 = 0 (|x| 3) (|x| + 1) = 0
(v) a2 (b c) + b2 (c a) + c2 (a b) |x| = 3 & |x| + 1 0 x = 3 & |x| 1
= a2 (b c) + b2c b2a + c2a c2b (vi) |x 3| + 2|x + 1| = 4
= a2(b c) + bc (b c) a(b2 c2)
= (b c) [a2 + bc ab ac] 1 0 3
= (b c) [a(a b) c (a b)] (x 3) 2 (x + 1) = 4; x < 1 x = 1 (reject)
= (b c) (a b) (a c) (x 3) + 2 (x + 1) = 4 ; 1 x < 3 x = 1
= (a b) (b c) (c a) (accept)

Sol.4 (i) (1 + x4 + x8) 5

x 3 + 2 (x + 1) = 4 ; 3 x x = [3, ) (reject)
= (x4)2 + 2x4 + (1)2 x4 3
= (x4 + 1)2 x4 = (x4 + 1)2 (x2)2 So x = 1
= (x4 + x2 + 1) (x4 x2 + 1) (vii) ||x 1| 2| = |x 3|
= (x4 x2 + 1) [(x2 + 1)2 x2] |x 1| 2 = x 3 or |x 1| 2 = x + 3
= (x4 x2 + 1) (x2 x + 1) (x2 + x + 1) |x 1|= x 1 or |x 1| = x + 5
(ii) x4 + 4
= (x2)2 + (2)2 + 4x2 4x2 = (x2 + 2)2 (2x)2 {xx+11==xx1;1;xx<11 {xx+11==xx++55;;xx<11
= (x2 2x + 2) (x2 + 2x + 2)
identity ; x 1 no solution ; x < 1
2x = 2 ; x < 1 2x = 6 ; x < 1
a c e x = 1 x = 3
Sol.5 Let = = = k a = bk, c = dk, e = fk
b d f x = 1, 3, x 1 x [1, )
6 4 2 2 4 5 4
2b k + 3b d k 5f k
log5 3
2b6 + 3b2d2 5f 5 Sol.8 log 7 log 7
7log3 5 + 3 5 5 3 7

k 4 (2b6 + 3b2d2 5f 5 ) a a4
4
7log3 5 = 5log3 7
= = k4 = = 4
(2b6 + 3b2d2 6f 5 ) b b log 3
and 3log5 7 = 7 5 putting these values

5log3 7 + 7log5 3 5log3 7 7log5 3 = 0

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics) Page # 5

log 9 log 83 Sol.13 (a) x = log2 3 y log23

Sol.9 4log16 4 + 9 3 = 10 x or y = log1/2 5
5
y
log 4 log 3 2log 83 log23 > log2 5 O 1 2 3 4
4 42 + 9 3 = 10 x
log23 > log1/25
1 log 4 log1/25
log 83
42 4
+ 92 log3 3 = 10 x
(b) x = log711, y = log85
log 83 log 83
2 + 81 = 10 x 83 = 10 x x = log7 11 > 1, y = log85 < 1
log1083 = logx 83 log1010 x = 10 x > y log711 > log85

Sol.10 a, b, c are different (+) real no. 1 Sol.14 log10 (x2 12x + 36) = 2
x2 12x + 36 = 100 x2 12x 64 = 0
1 loga b loga c (x 16) (x + 4) = 0 x = 16, 4
+ logab. log c + logac. log b =3
loga b.loga c a a
Sol.15 log4log3log2x = 0 log3 log2x = 4 = 1
(1)3 + (loga b)3 + (loga c )3 log2x = 31 x = 23 x = 8
=3
(1) loga b loga c
(logaa)3 + (logab)3 + (logac)3 = 3 (logaa)(logab) (logac) 1
x3 + y3 + z3 = 3 xyz x + y + z = 0 or x=y=z Sol.16 log3(log9x + + 9x) = 2x
2
logaa + logab + logac = 0 or logaa logab logac
loga abc = 0 abc = a0 abc = 1 1 1
log9x + + 9x = 32x log9x + + 9x = 9x
2 2
Sol.11 a = log1218 & b = log24 54
1 1 1
log9x = x = 91/2 x = x=
log2 18 2 log2 3 + 1 log2 54 3 log2 3 + 1 2 9 3
a= log 12 = log 3 + 2 , b= log 24 = log 3 + 3
2 2 2 2
Sol.17 2 log4 (4 x) = 4 log2 (2 x)
2x + 1 3x + 1 here 4 x > 0 4 > x & 2 x > 0 2 > x
Let log23 = x a = b=
x + 2 x+3 log2 (4 x) + log2 (2 x) = 4
(4 x) (2 + x) = (16)
( 2x + 1)(3 x + 1) 2x + 1 3 x + 1 x2 2x 24 = 0 (x 6) (x + 4) = 0
ab + 5(a b) = + 5
x = 6, x = 4 x = 4
( x + 2)( x + 3) x+2 x+3

6 x 2 + 5 x + 1 + 5(2x 2 + 7 x + 3 3 x 2 7 x 2) Sol.18 (log10x)2 + 2log10x + 1 = (log102)2

= (log10 x + 1)2 = (log10 2)2
( x + 2)( x + 3 )
log10 (10 x) = log10 2
x = 1/5 or x = 1/20
x 2 + 5x + 6 (x + 2)(x + 3)
= = =1
( x + 2)( x + 3) (x + 2)(x + 3)
log x + 5
Sol.19 x 3 = 103+logx xlogx+5 = 10 3(logx+5)
log a log b log c = 1000(logx+5) x = 1000 = 103 &
x(logx + 5)
Sol.12 = = =k
bc c a ab If log10x + 5 = 0 then x will satisfy the equation
a = ek(b c) aa = ek(ab ca) x = 105, x = 103, 105
b = ek(c a) bb = ek(bc ab)
c = ek(a b) cc = ek(ac ab)
5
aa . bb . cc - ek(abca+bcab+caab) Sol.20 (log5x)2 + log5x = 1
aa . bb . cc = e0 =1 x

5
log5
x
(log5x)2 + =1
1 + log5 x

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 Page # 6 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics)

log5 5 log5 x 1
(log5x)2 + =1 Sol.24 log100 |x + y| = ; log10y log10|x| = log1004
1 + log5 x 2
Let log5x = |x + y| = 10 x + y = 10 x + y > 0

1 y
a2 + = 1 3 + 2 + 1 = 1 + y>0 log10 = log102 4
1+ |x|
(2 + 2) = 0 ( + 2) ( 1) = 0
y
= 0, 1, 2 = 2 y = 2| x| y > 0
|x|
log5x = 0 x =5 x = 1
log5x = 1 x = 51 x = 5 x 2x = 10

1 10
log5x = 2 x = 52 x = x= x = 10
25 3
Here x > 0 & y > 0 y > 0 so x < 0
Sol.21 log4(log2x) + log2 (log4x) = 2 10 20
x= ,y= x = 10, y = 20
log22 (log2x) + log2 (log4x) = 2 3 3

1 Sol.25 |x 1|A = (x 1)7 A = log3x2 2logx9

log2(log2 x) + log2(log4x) = 2
2 L.H.S. > 0 R.H.S. > 0 x 1 > 0
log2(log2x) + 2log2(log4x) = 4 [2log3 x 4logx3] log3(x 1) = 7 log3 (x 1)
log2{(log2x) (log4x)2} = 4 [2log3 x 4logx3 7] log3(x 1) = 0
2 If log3(x 1) = 0 x 1 = 1 x = 2
log2 x 2log3 x 4logx3 7 = 0. let log3 x = t
(log2x) = 24
2 2t2 7t 4 = 0 (t 4) (2t + 1) = 0
(log2x)3 = 26 = (22)3 t = 4 x = 81 or t = 1/2 x = 1 / 3 (Reject)
log2x = 4 x = 24 x = 16
x > 1 so x = 2, 81

x 1
Sol.22 5x . x 8 x 1 = 500 5x . = 53 . 22 Sol.26 2log2log2x + log1/2 log2(2 2 x) = 1
8 x
1
5x3
3 x 3
2 = 1 5(x3)
3 x 3
2
=1 log2(log2x)2 + log2 =1
2 x 2 x log
2 2 2 x
5 & 2 are coprime no. If their multiply is one. So
individual power of 5 & 2 is zero (log2 x )2
x 3 log2 3/2
=1
x 3 = 0, = 0 x= 3 log2 2 + log2 x
x
3
Sol.23 (a) Number of integer 615 (log2x)2 = 2 + log2 x
2
Let x = 615
(log2x)2 2(log2x) 3 = 0
log10x = 15 log106 = 15 [log102 + log103]
log2x = 3 or log2 x = 1 (not possible)
15 [0.3010 + 0.4771]
x = 23 x = 8 ( log2 x > 1)
15 [0.7781]
11.6715
Number of integer of x = 615 is 12. ab + ab2 4(a + b) 2
ab ab 4(a + b)
(b) x = 3100 Sol.27 A = log10 2

2

log10x = 100 log103 = 100 (0.4471)
= 47.71 = 47 1+ 1 0.71
(ab)2 (ab)2 + 4(a + b)
= 48 + 0.29 = 48 .29 A = log10

4
Number of zeros after decimal is 47.
A = log10(a + b) = log10 (43 + 57) = log10100 = 2

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics) Page # 7

2(1+log6 3) . log6 3 Sol.31 (a) log4log3log2x = 0

A.B=2 ( 2log6 18 ) . (3log6 3 ) = 2 3
log3log2x = 4 = 1 log2x = 31
log 3
= 4(2.3) 6 = 4.3 = 12 x = 23 x = 23 x = 8
(b) logelog5[ 2x 2 + 3] = 0
Sol.28 (a) x = log34 & y = log53
log5 [ 2x 2 + 3] = e0
1
log310 = log32 + log35 = 2log32 + log35 2x 2 + 3 = 5 2x 2 = 2
2
2x 2 = 4 2x = 6 x = 3
1 1 x 1 xy + 2
= log34 + log 3 = + = Sol.32 (a) log2 + log2
2 5 2 y 2y
We know log2 > 1
(log2 1)2 > 0 (log2)2 + 1 > 2log2
12
& log3(1.2) = log3 = log312 log310
10 (log2 )2 + 1
> 2 (log2 + log2) > 2
log2
x 1
= log34 + log33 log310 = x + 1
2 y p
(b) log35 = (where p & q are integer)
q
2xy + 2y xy 2 xy + 2 y 2
= = 5 = 3p/q 5q = 3p Which is not possible
2y 2y
( 5 & 3 are coprime no.)
2 log 5 log 5 So log35 is an irrational
(b) k log2 5 = 16 then k (log2 5 ) = (k 2 ) 2 Similarly log27 is also irratoinal
4 log2 5 4
= (16)log2 5 = 2 = 2log2 5 = 54 = 625 Sol.33 a, b R greater than one
c R+ & c 1
Sol.29 (a) log10 (x2 12x + 36) = 2 log10(x 6)2 = 2 s.t. 2 (logac + logbc) = 9 logabc
(x 6)2= 102 (x 6)2 = (10)2
loga c 9loga c
(x 6)2 = 10 x = 4, x = 16 2 loga c + = (1 + log b)
loga b a
(b) 91+log3 x 31+log3 x = 210
1 + loga b 9loga c
9. 9
log3 x
3x = 210 2logac = (1 + log b)
loga b a
9x2 3x 210 = 0 3x2 x 70 = 0
2 (1 + logab)2 = 9 logab {A = logab}
(x 5) (3x + 14) = 0 2A + 4A + 2 = 9A 2A 5A + 2 = 0
2 2
14 2A2 4A A + 2 = 0
x = 5, x = But x > 0
3 1
2A(A 2) 1 (A 2) = 0 A = 2 or A =
2
Largest value of A= logab is 2.
Sol.30 (a) log1/3 4 7293 9 127 4 / 3
Sol.34 log3x . log4x . log5x = log3x . log4x
= log1/3 4 7293 3 23 4 + log4x . log5x + log5x log3x

4 729 . 3 6 / 3 4 27 2 . 3 2 1 1 1
= log1/3 = log1/3 log3x log4x log5x log x + log x + log x 1 = 0
3 4 5
= log1/3 4 9 2 = log1/3 92/4 = log1/3 3 = 1 logx3 + logx 4 + logx5 = 1
logx (3 . 4. 5) = 1 logx60 = 1 x = 60
logb (logb N)
or log3x log4 x log5 x = 0
a
logb a
(b) or log3x = 0 or log4x = 0 or log5x = 0
x = 1 or x = 1 or x = 1
(log b )(logb (logb N)) log (log N)
= a a = b b b = logbN Square of the sum = (60 + 1)2 = 3721

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 Page # 8 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics)

(a + 2b) (4a 9b) = 0

2 3
Sol.35 + a + 2b = 0 or 4a 9b = 0
log4 (2000 )6 log5(2000)6
so 4a 9b = 0 4.2log10 x 9.3log10 x = 0
1 1
= log2000 4 + log2000 5 22 . 2log10 x = 32 . 3log10 x
3 2
2log10 x + 2 = 3log10 x + 2
1 1
= log2000 (42 .52 ) = log10x + 2 = 0 log10x = 2
6 6
x = 102 x = 102 x = 1/100
Which is not possible because
5 log4 ( 3 6 )6 log8 ( 3 2 )
or a + 2b = 0 2log10 x > 0 3log10 x > 0
2
Sol.36 4
5log (3 6 )6log 3 ( 3 2 ) Sum of two positive no., is not equal to zero.
2 25/2
= (2 ) 2
So x = 1/100
2 26
25 log2 ( 3 6 ) log2 ( 3 2 ) Sol.40 Given that
= 2 5 3
log2a2 = 2S, log2b5 = 5(2S2) & log2c4 = 3(S3 + 1)
(3 6 )4
log2 ( 3 2 )4 a 2b2
( 3 2 )4 then log2 = 2S + 10S2 3(S3 +1)
= 2 = ( 3 )4 =9
( 3 2 )4 c4

1 3
2
Sol.41 49(1log7 2) + 5 log5 4
log5 9 log 6 3
log25 7
Sol.37 81 +3 [( 7) (125 )log25 6 ] 7 1 7
log7 log5 2 log7 1
409 2 2
= 49 + 5 4 = 7 +
4
92 log9 5 + 33 log3 6 3 log 6 2
= (7log7 25 5 2 5 ) 7 1 49 1 50 25
409 = + = + = =
2 4 4 4 4 2
3
2
25 + 63 / 2 2 2 409
= [25 63/2] = 25 6 = =1 Sol.42 log23 = a, log35 = b, log72 = c
409 409 409
log2 63 log2(7.32 )
log14063 = =
log2 140 log2(225.7)
1
log1/ 5 4 1
Sol.38 5 2 + log + log1/2
2 7+ 3 10 + 2 21 1
log2 7 + 2 log2 3 + 2a
c
4 = =
2 + log2 5 + log2 7 1
= 5log5 2 + 2log2 + log (10 + 2
2 21 ) 2 + ab +
7+ 3 c

16 1 + 2ac
= 2 + log2 2 (10 + 2 21 ) =
( 7 + 3) 1 + abc + 2c
= 2 + log2 16 = 2 + 4log22 = 2 + 4 = 6
Sol.43 x = loga b & y = logb a
2
Sol.39 4log10 x +1 6log10 x 2.3log10 x +2 =0 loga b
loga b
2 log x log x 2
ax = a ax by = 0
2log10 x +2 (2.3) 10 2.32 . 3 10 =0
2 log10 x log x log x 2 log10 x
4. 2 2 10 . 3 10 18. 3 =0
4a a. b 18 b = 0
2 2

4a2 + 8ab 9ab 18 b2 = 0

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics) Page # 9

EXERCISE IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 loga N . logb N + logb N + logc N + loga N logxy = 3, logxy = 1/3 y = x3, y = x1/3
loga N. logb N logc N 144 144
= y = x3 ,y = x = y3 , x =
logabc N x y
x4 = 144 x2 = 12, (12 reject) x = 24 3 , y = 2 3
1 1 1 x = 2 3,y = 24 3
L.H.S. = log a log b + log b log c + log c log a
N N N N N N
x+y 26 3
= = 13 3 = 169 3 = 507
logN c + logN a + logN b logN abc 2 2
= log a.log b log c = log a log log c
N N N N N N N = 507

loga N logb N logc N (d) 5loga x + 5 xloga 5 = 3

= logabc N = R.H.S.
log x
5loga x + 5. 5loga x = 3 6. 5 a = 3

1
5loga x = 5loga x = 21 logax = log52
log10 ( x 3) 1 2
Sol.2 (a) =
log10 ( x 2 21) 2 log5 2 log5 a
x= a x= 2
log10(x 3)2 = log10(x2 21)
x2 6x + 9 = x2 21 6x = 30 x = 5 Sol.4 (a) Given log10 34.56 = 1.5386
(b) log10(log10x) + log10 (log10x3 2) = 0 then log10 (3.456) = 0.5386
Here log10 x > 0
log10 [(log10x) . (log10x3 2)] = 0 log10(0.3456) = 1 .5386
(log10x) (log10x3 2) = 1 log10(0.003456) = 3 .5386
(log10x) (3 log10x 2) = 1 (b) Characterstic is 3 i.e. but not equal to 4
Let log10x = y log7N = 3 N = 73 & log7N < 4 N < 74
y (3y 2) = 1 3y2 2y = 1 N is positive integer
3y 2y 1 = 0 (y 1) (3y + 1) = 0
2

log10x = 1 x = 10 Number of N is = 7 4 73 No. between

1 = 73 (7 1) 73 & 7 4
log10x = Not possible ( log10 x> 0) = 2058 73 N < 7 4
3
(c) logx2 . log2x 2 = log4x 2
(c) log10 (2.25) = log10(1.5)2
1 1 1
log x . log 2x = log 4 x 3
2 2 2 = 2log10 = 2 [log103 log102)
2
log2x log2 2x = log2 4x
log2x(1 + log2x) = (2 + log2x) = 2 [0.4771 0.3010] = 2 (0.1761)
y + y2 = 2 + y {let y = log2 x } = 0.3522
(d) Antilog2401 0.75
2
y= 2 log2x = 2 x= 2 = (2401)0.75 = (74)3/4 = 73 = 343
1 log5 a
(d) t + 5t = 3 t = , x=2 Sol.5 (a) y = 5200
2
2
log10 y = 200 log10 5 = 200 log10 5
2
10 x+y
Sol.3 logxy + logyx = & xy = 144, = N
3 2 = 200 [log10 10 log10 2] = 200 [1 0.3010]
1 10 = 200 [0.699] = 139.800
+ = (let = logxy) log10y = 139.8
3
y = number which have (139 + 1) = 140 positive
32 + 3 = 10 32 10 + 3 = 0
integer
( 3) (3 1) = 0

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
 Page # 10 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics)

(b) y = 615 log10y = 15[log3 + log2] If x2 + x 6 = x2 + 2x + 1 x = 7 not possible

= 15 [0.4771 + 0.3010] = 15 0.7781 If (x2 + x 6) = x2 + 2x + 1
log10y = 11.6715 2x2 + 3x 5 = 0 (2x + 5) (x 1) = 0
y is 11 + 1 = 12 digit integer.
5 5
(c) y = 3100 x= or x = 1 x = is reject so x = 1
2 2
log10y == 100 log103
= 100 0.4771 = 47.71
Sol.11 x + log10 (1 + 2x) = x log105 + log106
= 47 1 + 1 0.71 = 48 . 29
y have no. of zeroes after the decimals is 48 1 = 47 5x 6
= 10x 5x . 2x (1 + 2x) = 5x . 6
1 + 2x
Sol.6 (loga x) (loga (xyz) = 48 ...(1)
5x [(2x)2 + 2x 6] = 0
(logay) loga(xyz) = 12, a > 0 , a 1 ...(2)
5x 0 or (2x)2 + 2x 6 = 0
(logaz) . loga (xyz) = 84 ...(3)
2x 3 or 2x = 2 so x = 1
From (1) & (2), logax = 4logay x = y4
From (1) & (3), logaz = 7logay z = y7
Put x & z in (2) Sol.12 5log10 x 3log10 x 1 = 3log10 x +1 5log10 x 1
(logay) (loga (y4 y y7) = 12
(logay) (loga y12) = 12 5log10 x 3log10 x
5log10 x + = 3log10 x . 3 +
(logay) (logay) = 1 logay = 1 5 3

1 1 1
y = a or , x = a4 or 4 , z = a7 or 7 log x 6 10
a a a 5 10 = 3log10 x
5 3

Sol.7 L = antilog1024 (0.4) log10 x 2

5 5
L = (1024)0.4 = (210)0.4 = 24 = 16 = log10x = 2 x = 100
3 3
M = No. of digit in 610
10 [log102 + log103] = 10 0.7781 = 7.781
M = 8 (digit) 1 + log2 ( x 4)
log6 N = 2 i.e. log6 N < 3 Sol.13 log
2
( x + 3 x 3) = 1
62 N < 63
No. of N is = 63 62 = 62 (6 1) = 36 5 = 180
log22(x 4) = log21/ 2 ( x + 3 x3 )
L.M.N. = 16 8 180 = 23040
log2(2x 8) = log2 ( x + 3 x3 )
2

log x
Sol.8 logax = x where a = x 4
2x 8 = (x 3) + (x 3) 2 x 2 9
x = ax and alogx 4 = x
logx 4 x 2 9 = 4 x = 5, ( 5 reject) so x = 5
ax = a x = logx4 xx = 4
x=2
Sol.14 log5120 + (x 3) 2log5(1 5x3)
= log5(0.2 5x4)
Sol.9 xlog2 x + 4 = 32
(log2 x + 4)log2 x = 5 120(0.2 5 x 4 )
log5 = (3 x)
(log2x)2 + 4(log2x) 5 = 0 (1 5 x 3 )2
[(log2x) + 5] [log2x 1] = 0
log2x = 5 or log2x = 1 120[(0.2 5 x 4 )] 1
x 3 2 = x 3
(1 5 ) 5
1
x= 25 = ,x=2
32
120 [1 5 x 3 ] 1
= x 3 Let = 5x3 = t
5 [1 5 x 3 ]2 5
Sol.10 logx+1 (x2 + x 6)2 = 4
2logx+1 |x2 + x 6| = 4
24[1 t] 1 1
|x2 + x 6| = (x + 1)2 = 24t = 1 t t =
[1 t]2 t 25
(x2 + x 6) = x2 + 2x 1

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics) Page # 11

1 (X 1)(Y 1) = 1 log10 5 = log10 2 ...(i)

5x3 = = 52 x 3 = 2 x = 1 (Y 1)(Z 1) = 1 log10 5 = log10 2 ...(ii)
25
(Z 1)(X 1) = 1 ...(iii)

Muliply all equation (i), (ii), (iii)

1
Sol.15 log 4 + 1 + log 3 = log ( x 3 + 27) [(X 1) (Y 1) (Z 1)]2 = (log102)2
2 x
(X 1) (Y 1) (Z 1) = (log102) ...(iv)
1 divided by (i), (ii) & (iii)
12 t = t2 + 27 {Let 3 2 x = t} (Z 1) = 1, (X 1) = 1, (Y 1) = log102
Z = 0, 2 , X = 0, 2, Y = 1 log102
t2 12t + 27 = 0 (t 9) (t 3) = 0
10
1 1 log10z = 0, log10x = 10 , log10 y = log10
t = 9 or t = 3 3 x
2 = 32 or = 31 2
3 2x
z = 1, x = 1, y = 5
1 1 1 1 and log10z = 2, log10x = 2, log10 = log10 (10 2)
= 2 or =1 x= or x =
2x 2x 4 2 z = 100, x = 100, y = 20
x N or x N x
Sol.19 x = 1 + logabc ; y = 1 + logb ca, z = 1 + logcab
Sol.16 2 log (2y 3x) = log x + log y x = logaabc; y = logb abc ; z = logc abc
(2y 3x)2 = xy 4y2 + 9x2 12xy = xy 1 1 1
9x2 +4y2 13xy = 0 (1) x = log y = log b ; z = log c
abc a abc abc

But x > 0, y > 0 2y 3x > 0

2 1 1 1
x x x 2 we wish to prove that + + =1
9 + 4 13 = 0 < x y z
y
y
y 3
x L.H.S. = logabc abc = 1
9t 2 13t + 4 = 0 t= (let)
y
Sol.20 Let log(c+b) a + log(c b) a = 2 logc+b a logcba
loga(c b) + loga (c + b) = 2
x x 4 c 2 b2 = a2 a2 + b2 = c 2
(t 1) (9t 4) = 0 = 1, =
y y 9

x 2 x x 4 1 1
should be < ; = 1 (reject) =
y 3 y y 9 logN c logN a logN b
Sol.21 =
logN a 1 1

Sol.17 log8x + log4 y2 = 5 & log8y + log4 x2 = 7 logN b logN c
log2x1/3 + log2y = 5 & log2y1/3 + log2x = 7
b
x1/3y = 25 & xy1/3 = 27 log
logN c logN b.logN c N a
multiply both equation log a = log a. log b
N N N c
3 logN b
12
(xy)4/3 = 212 xy = 2 4 xy = 29
b c b c
logN = logN = b2 = ac
a b a b
log10 2 + log x + log y + log x log y = 4 3

Sol.18 log10 2 + log y + log z log y log z = 1
log z + log x log z log x = 0 3
Sol.22 log4(x + 2)2 + 3= log4 (4 x)3 + log4(6 + x)3
2
{Let log10x = X, log10y = Y, log10z = Z}
3 log4 |x + 2| + 3 = 3log4 (4 x) + 3 log4 (6 + x)
X + Y XY = log10 5 log4 |x + 2| + log4 4 = log4 (4 x) (6 + x)
Y + Z YZ = log10 5 4 |x + 2| = (4 x) (6 + x)
Z + X XY = 0 (i) If x + 2 0 then 4(x + 2) = 24 2x x2
x2 + 6x 16 = 0 (x + 8) (x 2) = 0
x = 8, 2 ( 8 + 2) / 0 so x = 2

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
 Page # 12 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics)

(ii) If x + 2 < 0 then 4(x + 2) = (4 x) (6 + ( x + | x 1|)2 = 4 x 3 + 4 | x

x)
1|
4x 8 = 24 2x x2 x2 2x 32
=0 x + ( x 1)2 + 2 x | x 1|

2 4 + 128 =4 x + 4 | x 1| 3
x= =1 33
2 x + x + 1 2 x + 2 x | x 1|
(1 + 33 ) + 2 </ 0 so x = 1 33 =4 x +4| x 1| 3
2x 6 x + 2 x | x 1| = 4| x 1|
Sol.23 ( 2008) (x) log2008 x = x2 (here x > 0) 31
taking log2008 both side x 3 x + 2 = | x 1| (2 x )
1 ( x 1) ( x 2) + | x 1| ( x 2) =
+ (log2008x)2 = 2(log2008x)
2
0
2(log2008x)2 4 (log2008x) + 1 = 0
product of roots If x 1 0 x 1
log2008 = (log2008) + (log2008 ) 2 ( x 1) ( x 2) = 0 x = 1 or x =2
4 x=1 or x = 4
log2008 = = (2008)2
2 If x 1<0 x<1

( x 1) ( x 2) ( x 1) ( x 2) = 0 0 = 0
x+ 4 x 3x
Sol.24 log2 + log2 = 2 log2 identity for x < 1
x x + 4 x 1
but x include in equation so x 0
a b common interval of x 0 and x < 1
{log2 = log2 }
b a 0 x < 1 & x = 1, x = 4 so [0, 1], {4}

x+ 4 3x
2log2 = 2log2 1 1
x x 1 Sol.26 log2 (4 x) + log(4 x)log x + 2 2log2 x + 2 = 0

x +4 3 x x +4 3 x
log + log log log = 0 1
x x 1 x x 1 Let A = (4 x) & B = log x +
2
( x + 4)(3 x ) ( x + 4)( x 1) A2 + AB 2B2 = 0 (A B) (A + 2B) = 0
log . log =0
x( x 1) x( 3 x )
1 1
so log (4 x) = log x + 4 x = x +
( x + 4)(3 x ) ( x + 4)( x 1) 2 2
= 1 or =1
x( x 1) x( 3 x )
7 7
x2 x + 12 = x2 x or x2 + 3x 4 = x2 + 3x 2x = x=
2 4
2x2 = 12 x = 6 or 2x = 4 x =
2
2
1
or log (4 x) + 2 log x + = 0
4 2
1 + > 0 So x = 6 ; 2 reject
x
1 2
(4 x) (x + ) = 1 4x3 + 12x2 + 15x = 0
x= 2
2, 6
x=0 ; 4x2 12x 15 = 0

Sol.25 log3 ( x + | x 1|) = log9(4 x 3 + 4| x 1|) 12 144 + 240 12 4 24

x= =
8 8
log9 ( x + | x 1|)2

= log9 (4 x 3 + 4| x 1|)

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics) Page # 13

Let a number N such that

3 24 1 3 24 1 1
x= x + > 0 so is reject
2 2 2 log10 > q & log10 < q + 1

N N
1 1
Sol.27 Let a number M such that > 10q & < 10q+1 N < 10q & N > 10q 1
N N
log10 M p M 10p
Q = Number of integer N is = 10q 10q1
log10 M < p + 1 M < 10p+1
= 10q1 (10 1) = 10q1 . 9
P = No. of integer M is = 10p+1 10p
P = 10p. 9 P 10p.9
log10P log10Q = log10 = log10 q1
Q 10 .9
= log1010pq+1 = p q + 1

EXERCISE V HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 log3/4 log8(x2 + 7) + log1/2 log1/4 (x2 + 7)1 = 2 z a + (1 z)(a 2) = 2(a 2)

z(3 a) a + a 2 = 2a + 4
1 1
log3/4 log2 ( x 2 + 7) +log1/2 log2 ( x 2 + 7) =2 z(3 a) = 2a + 6 z(3 a) = 2(3 a)
3 2 z = 2 log2 t = 2 t = 4
& log2(x2 + 7) = 4
t t
log3/4 + log1/2 = 2 {Let log2(x2 + 7) = t} x2 + 7 = 24 x2 = 9 x = 3, 3
3 2
Sol.2 log4(x 1) = log2(x 3)
log2 t log2 3 log2 t 1
+ =2 1
log2 3 2 log2 2 1 log2 (x 1) = log2 (x 3)
log2
2 2
log2 (x 1) = log2 (x 3)2
z a z 1 x 1 = x2 6x + 9 x2 7x + 10 = 0
+ = 2 {Let log2 t = z & log2 3 = a}
a 2 1 (x 2) (x 5) = 0 x = 2, 5 but x > 3
x = 5 only one solution.

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
 Page # 14 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics)

Answer ExI SINGLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D
8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. C
15. D 16. D 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. C
22. C

Answer ExII MULTIPLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

1. AB 2. ABCD 3. AB 4. ABCD 5. ABCD

Answer ExIII SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

2+ 2 6
2. (i) 2 1 (ii)
4
1 2 1 1
3. (i) (x 2y) (x2 + y2 xy) (ii) a + 1 a + 2 a + + 2 (iii) (x 1) (x 2) (x 3)
a a a
(iv) (x + 2) (x2 2x 5) (v) (a b) (b c) (c a)

a4
4. (i) (x4 x2 + 1) (x2 + x + 1) (x2 x + 1) (ii) (x2 2x + 2) (x2 + 2x + 2) 5.
b4
6. a1 = a2 = a3 = ..................... = an = 0 7. (i) x = 1 (ii) x = 5 (iii) x = 2 (iv) x = 3, 3 (v) x = 1
8. 0 9. x = 10 10. abc=1 11. 1 13. (a) log2 3 ( b )
log7 11
14. x = 16 or x = 4 15. 8 16. {1/3} 17. {4}
1 1
18. ,
20 5

1
19. {105 .103} 20. 1, 5, 21. x = 16 22. x=3 23.
25
(a) 12 (b) 47
24. x = 10/3, y = 20/3 & x = 10, y = 20 25. x = 2 or 81 26. x=8 27. 12
xy + 2 xy + 2y 2
28. (a) , (b) 625 29. (a) x = 16 or x = 4 (b) x = 5
2y 2y
30. (a) 1 (b) logb N 31. (a) 8 (b) x = 3 32. (a) 2
33. 2
1
34. 3721 35. 36. 9 37. 1 38. 6
6

1
39. x=
100

25 1 + 2ac
40. 2s + 10s 2 3(s 3 + 1) 41. 42.
2 2c + abc + 1

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
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 Solution Slot 1 (Mathematics) Page # 15

Answer ExIV ADVANCED SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

2
2. (a) x = 5 (b) x = 10 (c) x = 2 2
or 2 (d) x = 2log a where base of log is 5.
3. 507 4. (a) 0.5386l 1 .5386 ; 3 .5386 (b) 2058 (c) 0.3522 (d) 343
1 1 1
5. (a) 140 (b) 12 (c) 47 6. (a4, a, a 7) or 4 , , 7 7. 23040
a a a
1
8. x=2 9. x = 2 or 10. x=1 11. x=1 12. x =
32
100
13. x=5 14. x=1 15. x 16. 4/9 17.
xy = 29
18. x = 1, y = 5, z = 1 or x = 100, y = 20, z = 10 22. x = 2 or 1 33
7 3 + 24
23. (2008)2 24. x= 2 or 6 25. [0, 1] {4} 26. 0, , 27.
4 2
pq+1

Answer ExV JEE PROBLEMS

1. x = 3 or 3 2. B

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]