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Fundamentals of Manufacturing Processes

This document discusses welding processes and the need to protect the weld pool from atmospheric gases. It covers the principles of fusion welding, different heat sources for welding, and solidification modes. The document also examines how oxygen and nitrogen from the atmosphere can dissolve in the weld pool and affect mechanical properties. Various methods for protecting the weld pool from contamination are presented, including using inert shielding gases, slag cover, and welding in a vacuum. The effectiveness of these protection approaches depends on factors like the type and amount of shielding used and welding conditions.

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Abhishek Mohite
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56 views14 pages

Fundamentals of Manufacturing Processes

This document discusses welding processes and the need to protect the weld pool from atmospheric gases. It covers the principles of fusion welding, different heat sources for welding, and solidification modes. The document also examines how oxygen and nitrogen from the atmosphere can dissolve in the weld pool and affect mechanical properties. Various methods for protecting the weld pool from contamination are presented, including using inert shielding gases, slag cover, and welding in a vacuum. The effectiveness of these protection approaches depends on factors like the type and amount of shielding used and welding conditions.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Mohite
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Manufacturing Processes

Joining of Metals: Welding Processes I

DHEERENDRA KUMAR DWIVEDI


MECHANICAL & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

1
Principles of fusion welding
Fusion of faying surfaces
Solidification
Heat sources
Arc
Gas flame
Laser beam
Electron beam
Solidification modes
Epitaxial
Nucleation and growth
NeedforProtectionofweldpool
Entrapment of atmospheric gases in weld pool
Reaction of gases with weld metal
Contamination of weld pool from oxides and
nitrides
Atmosphericgasesvs.weldingprocesses
0.2

SAW
0.15
O2 [%]

SMAW
0.1
Self shielded arc

MIG/MAGW
0.05
CO2 Ar

TIGW

0
0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16
N2 in weld [%]
Effectofgases
Gases get dissolved in weld pool

Gases form compound inclusion


Mechanical properties
Effectofnitrogen
UTS

YS

Elongation
Impact resistance

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3


N2 in w eld [%]
EffectofOxygen
100

Element transfer efficiency [%]


90 Cr
Mechanical properties

80
UTS 70
YS
60 Si
50 Mn
Impact resistance 40

Elongation 30
20
10
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
O2 in w eld [%]
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
O2 [%]

7
HydrogeninFeandAl

8
WeldPoolProtectionApproaches
Developing envelop of inactive/inert gases
Covering pool with molten slag
Vacuum
Effectivenessofprotection
Amount/firmnessofprotectinggas
Typeofprotectionapproach
Speedofweldingarc
Typeofweldbead:stringerorweaver
Velocityofambientgasesacrossthearc

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