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Train Swapping: Input

This document describes train swapping, which involves rearranging train carriages into the optimal order. It discusses the history of train swapping and how it was originally performed using a rotating bridge. It provides an input/output sample for a program to determine the minimum number of carriage swaps needed to order a given train configuration. The goal is to automate the role of train swappers as their numbers decline.

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40 views1 page

Train Swapping: Input

This document describes train swapping, which involves rearranging train carriages into the optimal order. It discusses the history of train swapping and how it was originally performed using a rotating bridge. It provides an input/output sample for a program to determine the minimum number of carriage swaps needed to order a given train configuration. The goal is to automate the role of train swappers as their numbers decline.

Uploaded by

yassine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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299 Train Swapping


At an old railway station, you may still encounter one of the last remaining train swappers. A train
swapper is an employee of the railroad, whose sole job it is to rearrange the carriages of trains.
Once the carriages are arranged in the optimal order, all the train driver has to do, is drop the
carriages off, one by one, at the stations for which the load is meant.
The title train swapper stems from the first person who performed this task, at a station close to
a railway bridge. Instead of opening up vertically, the bridge rotated around a pillar in the center of
the river. After rotating the bridge 90 degrees, boats could pass left or right.
The first train swapper had discovered that the bridge could be operated with at most two carriages
on it. By rotating the bridge 180 degrees, the carriages switched place, allowing him to rearrange the
carriages (as a side effect, the carriages then faced the opposite direction, but train carriages can move
either way, so who cares).
Now that almost all train swappers have died out, the railway company would like to automate
their operation. Part of the program to be developed, is a routine which decides for a given train the
least number of swaps of two adjacent carriages necessary to order the train. Your assignment is to
create that routine.

Input
The input contains on the first line the number of test cases (N ). Each test case consists of two input
lines. The first line of a test case contains an integer L, determining the length of the train (0 L 50).
The second line of a test case contains a permutation of the numbers 1 through L, indicating the current
order of the carriages. The carriages should be ordered such that carriage 1 comes first, then 2, etc.
with carriage L coming last.

Output
For each test case output the sentence: Optimal train swapping takes S swaps. where S is an
integer.

Sample Input
3
3
1 3 2
4
4 3 2 1
2
2 1

Sample Output
Optimal train swapping takes 1 swaps.
Optimal train swapping takes 6 swaps.
Optimal train swapping takes 1 swaps.

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