1.

Ans:-

Statement Calculus or Propositional Calculus:-It is a branch of logic which deals

with the study of proposition which is a cluster or the combination of group of
these statements with the use of logic connectives like AND, OR or NOT.
Proposition logic possibly works on the assigned true and false value on
statements. Basic definition of propositional is a collection of declarative
statements that has either false" or true truth value.

Predicate Calculus:- Predicate analytics, likewise called Logic Of Quantifiers, that

piece of present day formal or representative rationale which methodicallly
shows the logical relations between sentences that hold absolutely in prudence of
the way in which predicates or thing articulations are dispersed through scopes of
subjects by methods for quantifiers, for example, "all" and "some" without
respect to the implications or applied substance of any predicates specifically The
predicate math is to be recognized from the propositional analytics, which
manages un-investigated entire recommendations related by connectives, (for
example, "and," "if . . . at that point," and "or").

Application:-

Artificial intelligence :- Both Propositional and first order predicate

calculus is used for controlling an communication between the machine
or we can say that a computer is controlling another computer or a robot
with a multiple software like speech recognition ,handwriting
recognition, Vision Systems, Natural Language Processing, Intelligent
Robots etc .
Speech recognition: - Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and
comprehending the language in terms of sentences and their meanings
while a human talks to it. It can handle different accents, slang words,
noise in the background, change in humans noise due to cold, etc.
 Handwriting Recognition: The handwriting recognition software reads
the text written on paper by a pen or on screen by a stylus. It can
recognize the shapes of the letters and convert it into editable text.

2.

Ans:- In calculating and ascertained variable based math, store up speculation

contemplates the numerical structures known as group. The likelihood of a
groups is indispensable to process polynomial math for example, rings, fields, and
vector spaces, would all have the ability to be viewed as social affairs contributed
with extra operations. Real Life experiments

Experimental designs in statistics that use large symmetrical piece of plan .

This is comparable in flavor to coding hypothesis and circle packings.
Measures of symmetry utilized are not exactly in those traditional
application territories, however there is an expansive writing and who
recognizes what may be there. As nonparametric Big Data statistics makes
new needs the math will without a doubt get more convoluted

The theory of cyclic or error-correcting codes is really all about the

combinatory properties of the summands of the left regular representation
of a cyclic group over the field . Harmonic analysis of the cyclic group or of
an elementary abelian 2-group is mostly used.
How to use group theory on computers?
the Proper Euclidean Group has representation and computation of all its
subgroups:-: Geometric Invariants.

3.

Ans:-There is different type of encoding and decoding techniques which are

present for serving different goals and purposes .They are used in a many places
,some common uses and their examples which we see on our day to day life are:-
 Data Security and privacy:- In this encoding is synonymous to encrypt and
decrypt which means message is changed to unreadable form to avoid
stealing of information by someone unwanted .Some common examples
1. Secure layer of correspondence over the web, for example, SSL
which is utilized as a part of secure sites (HTTPS) which you every
day peruse, VPN administrations to get to office for organize safely .
2. Encrypting records, hard drive and pdf secret word encryption are
some couple of examples of it.
Data Communication:-In this encoding is synonymous to modulation-
demodulation, which is utilized to make the information into physically
transmittable pattern and conquer various transmission problems.
1. Converting information into computerized bits so our electrical and
remote media could communicate through high and low singles. For
examples Modem are used to connect to internet
2. High carrier frequency are use to avoid long distance signal
degradation for modulating of data. For Example Wireless
communication devices like wifi, phones ,hotspot ,NFC etc
Data Compression:-In this we use data compression or decompression
when a particular data becomes too large to read, store, manage and to
transfer. These strategies are utilized as often as possible in our every day
life.
1. Music, Video/Photos catching/recording, playing or browsing over
web sites would not have been conceivable without compacting it
into reasonable size. Here we utilize pressure methods like mpeg4,
mp3, jpeg and so forth.
2. We day by day spare our hard plate memory space by RARing and
ZIPing our huge pieces of information.
Making information searchable: now and again we may need to rapidly
snatch the information from something as opposed to perusing and
physically embeddings into the PC, for example, in a retails store at the
checkout to produce charge. For clear reasons we would need to use the
figuring energy of our cell phones and PCs to store and deal with the
 information. To give some examples, we utilize standardized bar code and
QR codes every now and again these days

Make information intelligible: Humans utilize diverse dialects to read and

write which requires a great deal of character encoding thus we need the
character encoding measures like UTF and ASCII, we likewise observe a ton of
emojis used these days, which are expansions of these encodings.

4.
Ans: - Hasse diagrams are meant to present partial order relations in equal
however to some degree more straightforward structures by expelling certain
deducible ``noncritical'' parts of the relations

Applications:-

Hasse Diagram of the symmetries of a square to arrange the example of

the sorts of quadrilaterals in the plane. This is an understanding I gained
from John Conway - a method for sorting out aconfuse of various
definitions into a bigger example that backings comprehensive thinking,
and distinguishing which symmetries are integral to a great deal of
thinking. See the appended records. This additionally underpins the move
towards prevailing upon present day geometric methodologies (changes).
BTW, this approach likewise takes a shot at the circle!

Hasse Diagram TechniqueA Useful Tool for Life Cycle Assessment of

Refrigerants

Obliteration of the polar ozone layer and worldwide environmental change

are demonstrated results of different man-made unstable mixes of which
substances utilized for cooling frameworks or refrigeration units are
essential benefactors. The Montreal and Kyoto Protocol manage the
eliminate of ozone-draining substances and the lessening of ozone harming
substance outflows. In the present work, the fundamental concentrate is
laid on outflows from aerating and cooling (A/C) frameworks relying upon
 the utilized refrigerants, and the examination of life cycle appraisal comes
about by methods for the Hasse Diagram Technique. Five refrigerants were
positioned by three parameters. Two Hasse Diagrams were drawn; one
utilizing the vitality utilization amid refrigerant generation and pressure of
the refrigerants amid operation of the A/C framework, the other one also
including the immediate outflows amid the aggregate life cycle of the A/C
framework. As per this examination, the refrigerants R152a and R290 have
the littlest natural effect. The two Hasse Diagrams plainly demonstrate that
immediate outflows of refrigerants are vital inside the life cycle of an A/C
framework. Because of its little GWP100, carbon dioxide (R744) has a
superior direct emanation adjust than hydrofluorocarbons and
hydrocarbons. Beside vitality and outflows esteems, different properties
are of significance when choosing which refrigerant can be prescribed as
substitute. In any case, the more parameters are incorporated, the more
probable is it that unique qualities in the Hasse Diagrams happen. In this
way, while applying the Hasse Diagram Technique to LCA, not more than
three parameters ought to be considered.

5.

Ans: -

A partially ordered set is a pair, of a set whose elements are called the elements
or vertices of and an order relation which obeys the rules:-

Reflexivity:-x=x

Symmetry:-x=y&&y=x
Transitivity:-x=y,y=z&&x=z

The name "partially ordered set" is often abbreviated poset.

Application:-

Facebook, Instragram and Whatsapp use all type of relation like reflexivity,
symmetry and transitivity in this a person is directly knowns himself will be
of reflexive relation and then a person can be directly connected to
someone or his friend this type of relation is known as Symmetry or they
both are connected with a third person over here Facebook has
introduced a concept of mutual friend this shows a transitive relation
between the three persons

6.

Ans:- Partial order and lattice theory play an important role in field of computer
science and engineering. Lattice theory has applications

Distributed computing For example:- vector clocks and global predicate

detection
Programming language semantics
Data Mining
Lattice is used in cryptography as cryptographic primitive which involve
lattice either for its construction and security proof.

7.

Ans:- Applications are:-

Two things about Boolean variable based math make it an essential type of
science for reasonable applications. To start with, proclamations
communicated in ordinary dialect, (for example, "I will be home today") can
be changed over into scientific articulations, for example, letters and
 numbers. Second, those images by and large have just a single of two
esteems. The announcements above (P and Q), for instance, are either valid
or false. That implies they can be communicated in a twofold framework:
genuine or false; yes or no; 0 or 1.

Paired arithmetic is the number framework frequently utilized with PCs. PC

frameworks comprise of attractive centers that can be turned on or turned
off. The numbers 0 and 1 are utilized to speak to the two conceivable
conditions of an attractive center. Boolean articulations can be spoken to,
at that point, by the numbers 0 and 1 and furthermore by electrical
frameworks that are either on or off. Thus, when engineers outline
hardware for PCs, take number crunchers, reduced plate players, cell
phones, and a large group of other electronic items, they apply the
standards of Boolean variable based math.

8.

Ans:-

Aryabhata (476550 AD)

Aryabhata is undoubtedly the most celebrated Indian mathematicians. His
most significant contributions to mathematics include approximation of the
value of pi up to five decimal places, and he also discussed the concept of
sine. Aryabhata was the one who calculated the area of the triangle as
perpendicular multiplied by the half side. He was the one to calculate that
the time that Earth takes to complete one rotation is 365 days. In algebra, he
summed series of squares and cubes and solved equations of the type ax -by
= c.

Srinivasa Aaiyangar Ramanujan (1887-1920)

Ramanujan the scientific virtuoso showed himself math after he dropped
out of secondary school because of his disappointment in the English
subject. He is most broadly known for his contribution in logical hypothesis
 of numbers, elliptic capacities, proceeded with divisions and vast
arrangement. He was additionally welcomed to England on his
arrangement of 120 hypotheses that he sent to Cambridge. He has been
the motivation of numerous mathematicians, not simply in India but rather
everywhere throughout the world.

Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (Born 1920)

Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, popularly known as C R Rao is a well-known
statistician, famous for his theory of estimation. His contributions to
statistical theory and applications are well known, and many of his results,
which bear his name, are included in the curriculum of courses in statistics
at bachelors and masters level all over the world.

10.

Mathematics makes our life efficient and averts tumult. Certain qualities that are
sustained by mathematics are energy of thinking, imagination, dynamic or spatial
considering, basic considering, critical thinking capacity and even successful
relational abilities.

Experience says learning arithmetic can be made less demanding and charming if
our educational programs incorporates numerical exercises and recreations.
Maths riddles and puzzles empower and pull in a ready and liberal state of mind
among youths and enable them to create clearness in their reasoning.
Accentuation ought to be laid on improvement of clear idea in science in a
youngster, appropriate from the essential classes.