Ip Table First Digit: Ingress of Solid Objects Second Digit: Ingress of Liquids

IP TABLE
First digit: Second digit:

IP..
Ingress of solid objects Ingress of liquids
0 No protection No protection
Protected against solid objects over 50mm e.g. Protected against vertically falling drops of water
1
hands, large tools. or condensation.
Protected against solid objects over 12.5mm e.g. Protected against falling drops of water, if the
2
hands, large tools. case is disposed up to 15 from vertical.
Protected against sprays of water from any
Protected against solid objects over 2.5mm e.g.
3 direction, even if the case is disposed up to
wire, small tools.
60from vertical.
Protected against solid objects over 1.0mm e.g.
4 Protected against splash water from any direction.
wires.
Limited protection against dust ingress. Protected against low pressure water jets from
5
(no harmful deposit) any direction. Limited ingress permitted.
Protected against high pressure water jets from
6 Totally protected against dust ingress.
any direction. Limited ingress permitted.
Protected against short periods of immersion in
7 N/A
water.
Protected against long, durable periods of
8 N/A
immersion in water.
Protected against close-range high pressure, high
9k N/A
temperature spray downs.
Example: IP65 (NEMA 4) The larger the value of each digit, the greater the protection
The two digits represent different forms of environmental influence:
The first digit represents protection against ingress of solid objects.
The second digit represents protection against ingress of liquids.
CABLE CONSTRUCTION
https://wiki.openelectrical.org/index.php?title=Cable_Construction#Individual_Screen_.28Instrument_Cable
s.29
CABLE TYPE
Unarmoured cables
W Single wire armour SWA Aluminium wire armour AWA,X Braid,Z Double steel tape armour,Y
Aluminium strip armour , T Pliable wire armour X
Hard-wearing power cable specifically designed for the supply of the mains cable, The armour provides
mechanical protection allowing the cable to withstand higher stresses, be buried directly, and can be used in
internal, external and underground projects. They are available with copper or aluminium conductors and
come with a PVC or Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) sheathing.
Instrument Cable Fire Resistant vs Flame Retardant
Fire resistant cable is cable which will continue to operate normally in the presence of prolonged fire for a
specified time under defined conditions.
Flame retardant cable are not rated to continue to operate under fire circumstance but it will resist the
propagate of fire into a new area by having behavior in fire under defined conditions which is proven by
passing the test as per IEC 60332.
Fire resistant cable is applied to critical circuit which operates on energized to trip or energized to operate
and circuit which needs to still operate during fire such as:
Instrument Cable related to signal for activating ESD2, ESD1, abandon platform.
Instrument Cable for fire fighting equipment such as deluge valve solenoid valve.
Cable for safety evacuation and emergency service.
Flame retardant cable is applied to circuit other than mention above. It serve for instrument loop which
operates in fail safe mode.
In term of cable construction, it is essential to distinguish the outer sheath colour between flame retardant
cable and fire resistant cable. Commonly, fire resistant cable has red outer sheath/jacket while flame
retardant may have grey or black outer sheath/jacket.
CABLE GLAND TYPE
A Single seal only B Armour clamp only C Armour clamp and seal on outer sheath D Armour clamp
and seal on inner sheath E Armour clamp and seal on inner and outer sheath, BARRIER GLANDS
EACH CABLE GLAND TYPE HAS SUB-SETS
e.g. E1 = E type with IP66 seals on inner and outer sheath E2 = As E1 but with an electrical bond for a
metallic inner sheath (e.g. lead sheathed cable) Cable glands are often named to describe their function,
e.g. E1FX E1FW, etc
EXPLOSION PROTECTION METHOD: Ex d / Ex e / Ex Nr
Cable Insulation Materials

Thermoplastic
Thermoplastic compounds are materials that go soft when heated and harden when cooled:
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) & PE (Polyethylene)
Thermosetting
Thermosetting compounds are polymer resins that are irreversibly cured (e.g. by heat in the vulcanization
process) to form a plastic or rubber:
XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) & EPR (Ethylene Propylene Rubber)

Comparison of Materials
A comparison of common insulating materials is as follows:
Material Advantages Disadvantages
Highest dielectric losses

Cheap
PVC Melts at high temperatures
Durable
Contains halogens
Widely available
Not suitable for MV / HV cables
PE Lowest dielectric losses Highly sensitive to water treeing

High initial dielectric strength Material breaks down at high temperatures
Low dielectric losses

Improved material properties at
XLPE Medium sensitivity to water treeing (although some
high temperatures
XLPE polymers are water-tree resistant)
Does not melt but thermal
expansion occurs
Increased flexibility
EPR Reduced thermal expansion Medium-High dielectric losses
(relative to XLPE) Requires inorganic filler / additive
Low sensitivity to water treeing
High weight
High cost
Paper / Low-Medium dielectric losses
Requires hydraulic pressure / pumps for insulating
Oil Not harmed by DC testing
fluid
Known history of reliability
Difficult to repair
Degrades with moisture

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IP TABLE

First digit: Second digit:

Instrument Cable Fire Resistant vs Flame Retardant

CABLE GLAND TYPE

EACH CABLE GLAND TYPE HAS SUB-SETS

EXPLOSION PROTECTION METHOD: Ex d / Ex e / Ex Nr

Cable Insulation Materials

XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) & EPR (Ethylene Propylene Rubber)

A comparison of common insulating materials is as follows:

Material Advantages Disadvantages

Highest dielectric losses

PE Lowest dielectric losses Highly sensitive to water treeing

Low dielectric losses

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