ARDS is a sudden form of respiratory failure caused by damage to the alveolar capillary membrane, leading to fluid leakage into the lungs. Common causes include sepsis, inhalation injuries, and severe pneumonia or injuries. Signs include difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and hypoxemia. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms and chest x-ray findings. Treatment focuses on supportive care like mechanical ventilation, oxygen supplementation, and positioning changes to improve ventilation. Complications can include infections, collapsed lungs, and long-term scarring.
ARDS is a sudden form of respiratory failure caused by damage to the alveolar capillary membrane, leading to fluid leakage into the lungs. Common causes include sepsis, inhalation injuries, and severe pneumonia or injuries. Signs include difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and hypoxemia. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms and chest x-ray findings. Treatment focuses on supportive care like mechanical ventilation, oxygen supplementation, and positioning changes to improve ventilation. Complications can include infections, collapsed lungs, and long-term scarring.
ARDS is a sudden form of respiratory failure caused by damage to the alveolar capillary membrane, leading to fluid leakage into the lungs. Common causes include sepsis, inhalation injuries, and severe pneumonia or injuries. Signs include difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and hypoxemia. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms and chest x-ray findings. Treatment focuses on supportive care like mechanical ventilation, oxygen supplementation, and positioning changes to improve ventilation. Complications can include infections, collapsed lungs, and long-term scarring.
ARDS is a sudden form of respiratory failure caused by damage to the alveolar capillary membrane, leading to fluid leakage into the lungs. Common causes include sepsis, inhalation injuries, and severe pneumonia or injuries. Signs include difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and hypoxemia. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms and chest x-ray findings. Treatment focuses on supportive care like mechanical ventilation, oxygen supplementation, and positioning changes to improve ventilation. Complications can include infections, collapsed lungs, and long-term scarring.
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ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
Definition: Pathophysiology: Causes/Risk Factors:
A sudden & progressive form of The basic lesion is diffuse damage to the alveolar Mechanical cause is fluid leaked from smallest blood vessels in acute respiratory failure in which the wall, initially involving the capillary endothelium the lungs into the alveoli where blood is oxygenated. Normally, a alveolar capillary membrane but eventually the epithelium as well. Damage protective membrane keels this fluid in the vessels. Severe becomes damaged & more leads to the acute stage of ARDS with increased illness or injury, however, can cause inflammation that permeable to intravascular fluid capillary permeability and edema, fibrin undermines the membranes integrity, leading to the fluid leakage. resulting in severe dyspnea, exudation, formation of hyaline membrane Most common underlying cause: hypoxemia, & diffuse pulmonary (composed of necrotic epithelial cell debris and Sepsis Most common, a serious widespread infection of infiltrates. exuded proteins), & septal inflammation. the bloodstream Inhalation of harmful substances breathing high concentrations of smoke or chemical fumes, as can inhaling (aspirating) vomit. Signs/Symptoms: Severe PNA usually affect all lobes of the lung Labs & Diagnostic Tests: Early: Head, chest or other major injury accidents can directly Hx of symptoms Restlessness, Dyspnea, Low BP, damage the lungs or portion of the brain that controls Confusion, Extreme tiredness, Auscultation reveals abn breath sounds breathing. Mood swing, Disorientation, Change 1st tests: in LOC ABGs, If PNA is cause: Cough, fever Blood tests Medical Management/Interventions: Late: CXR No specific therapy but supportive measures are implemented: Severe difficulty breathing (labored, Bronchoscopy Mechanical ventilation rapid), SOB, Tachycardia, Sputum cultures & analysis Supplemental Oxygen Cyanosis, Thick frothy sputum, Other: Supine to Prone positioning to improve ventilation & Metabolic acidosis, Abnormal breath Chest CT Scan remove weight off the heart & abdomen from lungs sounds (crackles), PaCo2 ECHO Fluid therapy & adequate nutrition w/respiratory alkalosis, PaO2 Medications: anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids), sedatives, diuretics, antibiotics
Ineffective Airway Clearance Auscultate breath sounds for adventitious breath sounds. Infection r/f VAP in hospitals Monitor VS especially respiration pattern, rate, depth, effort, SaO2 (long-term) Monitor ABGs. Administer O2, suction as needed. Pneumothorax air pressure Reposition to prone to pressure in lungs. Elevate HOB when supine to help open airway. from ventilator causes air/gas Administer corticosteroids, bronchodilator & pain meds as per order. collection in space around Impaired Gas Exchange Monitor RR, depth, effort, use of accessory muscle, nasal flaring lungs Auscultate breath sounds. Observe cyanosis on skin Lung scarring from ventilator Monitor ABGs, SaO2 lungs become stiff making it Raise HOB hard to expand & fill with air Monitor effects of sedation & analgesics Blood clots from lying down Administer humidified O2 through appropriate device. for a long period of time can Decreased Cardiac Output Assess cap refill. Assess skin turgor, any edema, cyanosis lead to PE. Keep client warm. Monitor VS. HOB elevated. Administer meds: diuretics, BP meds per MD order.
